3. The most reliable method of contraception is: A) IUD B) OCP C) Tubal ligation D) Condom
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contraception AND sterilization
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CDC contraceptive effectiveness female sterilization IUD typical use failure rates
C) Tubal ligation is the most reliable option listed for preventing pregnancy.
It is a permanent method. IUDs are also highly effective but reversible; OCPs and condoms have higher typical-use failure rates. The CDC contraception guidance reports a typical-use failure rate of about 0.5% for tubal surgery.
For hormonal studies sample should be taken from which wall of vagina
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vaginal cytology hormonal
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vaginal hormonal cytology smear taken lateral vaginal wall
For hormonal cytology studies, take the vaginal smear from the upper third of the lateral vaginal wall.
Avoid cervical contamination. LabCorp specimen guidance specifies the same site.
Menopause transition in of a female is from...
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STRAW+10 menopause transition definition early late transition menstrual cycle
Menopausal transition (perimenopause) is the period from the onset of menstrual-cycle irregularity to the final menstrual period.
Menopause itself is confirmed retrospectively after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea. The transition is often divided into early and late stages, ending at the final menstrual period. STRAW+10 criteria describe these stages.
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