Orris

Q.3 Multiple choice questions. 1. A home health nurse who provides skin care and repositioning of a client on bed rest is conducting activities in: (a) Health promotion (b) Health protection (c) Health prevention (d) Rehabilitation 2. A worker of a brick kiln was brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state. He was hypotensive and sweating profusely. The likely condition he suffered from: (a) Heat stroke (b) Heat exhaustion (c) Heat hyperpyrexia (d) Heat cramps 3. Which of the following statements is true about parboiling? (a) Also known as cool soaking process. (b) Greater part of vitamins and minerals present in outer aleurone layer of the rice grain are driven into the inner endosperm. (c) Starch gets gelatinized which degrades the quality of rice. (d) Best advantage of parboiled rice is the aroma. 4. Hill's criteria of causation are all, except: (a) Temporality of association (b) Strength of association (c) Non-specificity of association (d) Coherence of association 5. If the calculated value of Chi-square test is less than critical value, then Ho is always be: (a) Accepted and rejected both (b) Accepted (c) Rejected (d) None of these 6. Characteristics of propagated epidemics are all, except: (a) When person to person transmission of an infectious agent occurs (b) Continues till all susceptible individuals are exposed (c) Occurs when there is lowered immunity (d) Curve rises and falls rapidly Answer these

Here are the answers with explanations:
1. (d) Rehabilitation
A home health nurse providing skin care and repositioning to a bedridden client is helping the client maintain function and prevent complications of immobility - this falls under rehabilitation (restoring/maintaining function after illness or injury), not primary prevention or health promotion in the strict sense.
2. (b) Heat exhaustion
The worker is unconscious, hypotensive, and sweating profusely - these are classic signs of heat exhaustion (caused by loss of water and salt through excessive sweating, leading to circulatory collapse). Key distinction:
  • Heat stroke: hot, dry skin, very high core temp (>40°C), neurological features - NO sweating
  • Heat exhaustion: profuse sweating, hypotension, cool/clammy skin, collapse
  • Heat hyperpyrexia is essentially another term for heat stroke
  • Heat cramps: painful muscle cramps only
3. (b) Greater part of vitamins and minerals present in the outer aleurone layer of the rice grain are driven into the inner endosperm
Parboiling involves soaking, steaming, and drying rice before milling. This drives B-vitamins and minerals from the outer bran/aleurone layer into the inner endosperm, so they are retained even after milling. It is a hot soaking process (not cool), starch gelatinization actually improves quality (makes rice firmer, less sticky), and parboiled rice has a distinct odor that is considered a disadvantage, not an advantage.
4. (c) Non-specificity of association
Hill's criteria include: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient (dose-response), plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. Specificity IS one of Hill's criteria - but non-specificity is not. The criteria actually include specificity of association, so "non-specificity" is the odd one out here.
5. (b) Accepted
In hypothesis testing, if the calculated chi-square value < critical (table) value, the result is not statistically significant - we fail to reject (i.e., accept) the null hypothesis (H₀). This means there is insufficient evidence to conclude an association exists.
6. (d) Curve rises and falls rapidly
Characteristics of a propagated epidemic:
  • Spreads person to person
  • Continues until all susceptibles are exposed or herd immunity is reached
  • Can occur with lowered herd immunity
The feature "curve rises and falls rapidly" describes a point-source (common source) epidemic, NOT a propagated epidemic. A propagated epidemic curve rises and falls gradually over a longer period, often showing a series of peaks corresponding to successive generations of cases.
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