-
Genital Organ Changes: Ovaries shrink and undergo atrophy; endometrium thickens (tunica albugenia); cervix shrinks, becomes pale/dry and gets infected easily (senile vaginitis); red patches (senile caruncle) may appear around the urethra.
-
Breast Changes: Involutional changes begin around age 35 - glandular tissue is replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. In older women, lobular tissue is replaced by collagen and fat. Mammography shows low-density parenchyma; benign disorders are common in this age group.
-
Thyroid and Adrenal Changes: T4 metabolism slows initially; T4-to-T3 conversion decreases and TSH falls, raising TSH levels (latent hypothyroidism) - more common in women than men.
-
Hormonal/Body Changes: Women develop features of mild acromegaly - coarser build, facial hair growth, waistline fat. Body hair depends on adrenal function rather than ovarian, so it is shed only later as a part of general senile change.
-
General Systemic Features: Menopause is also associated with flushes, irritability, fatigue, anxiety, occasional psychotic states, decreased bone strength, and calcification of bones throughout the body.