Heart Murmurs - CVS (Cardiovascular System)

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/murmur-pdf

~/murmur-pdf/create_murmur_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import mm, cm
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/murmur-pdf/Heart_Murmurs_Quick_Reference.pdf"

# ── Colour palette (medical deep teal / crimson accent) ──────────────────────
C_HEADER    = HexColor("#1A3A4A")   # dark teal – page header bar
C_SEC       = HexColor("#1E6E8A")   # section heading blue
C_ACCENT    = HexColor("#C0392B")   # crimson accent
C_SYS       = HexColor("#D4EFFA")   # light blue – systolic rows
C_DIA       = HexColor("#FAD7D4")   # light pink – diastolic rows
C_CON       = HexColor("#D4FAD7")   # light green – continuous rows
C_TBLHDR    = HexColor("#1A3A4A")   # table header bg
C_ALT       = HexColor("#F4F8FB")   # alternating row
C_GRADE_HDR = HexColor("#2C3E50")
C_MANV_HDR  = HexColor("#17455A")
WHITE       = colors.white
BLACK       = colors.black

PAGE_W, PAGE_H = A4
MARGIN = 1.5 * cm

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=MARGIN, rightMargin=MARGIN,
    topMargin=1.8*cm, bottomMargin=1.8*cm,
    title="Heart Murmurs Quick Reference",
    author="Orris Medical"
)

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=styles["Normal"], **kw)

# Custom styles
TITLE_STYLE = S("MyTitle", fontSize=22, textColor=WHITE,
                fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=28)
SUBTITLE_STYLE = S("MySub", fontSize=11, textColor=HexColor("#B0D4E8"),
                   fontName="Helvetica", alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=15)
SEC_STYLE = S("MySec", fontSize=13, textColor=WHITE,
              fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=17,
              spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=4)
BODY = S("MyBody", fontSize=9, leading=13, textColor=BLACK)
SMALL = S("MySmall", fontSize=8, leading=11, textColor=HexColor("#333333"))
BOLD_CELL = S("BoldCell", fontSize=8.5, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
              leading=11, textColor=BLACK)
ITALIC_CELL = S("ItalicCell", fontSize=8, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                leading=11, textColor=HexColor("#444444"))
NOTE_STYLE = S("MyNote", fontSize=8, textColor=HexColor("#555555"),
               fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", leading=11)
FOOTER_STYLE = S("Footer", fontSize=7.5, textColor=HexColor("#888888"),
                 alignment=TA_CENTER)

# ── Helper: section banner ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_banner(title, bg=C_SEC):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(title, SEC_STYLE)]], colWidths=[PAGE_W - 2*MARGIN])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [4]),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ]))
    return tbl

# ── Helper: generic styled table ─────────────────────────────────────────────
def make_table(headers, rows, col_widths, row_colors=None):
    """row_colors: list same length as rows, each a hex string or None"""
    header_row = [Paragraph(f"<b>{h}</b>", S("TH", fontSize=9,
                  textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=12))
                  for h in headers]
    data = [header_row]
    for r in rows:
        data.append([Paragraph(str(cell), SMALL) for cell in r])

    tbl = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
    ts = [
        ("BACKGROUND",   (0, 0), (-1, 0), C_TBLHDR),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",    (0, 0), (-1, 0), WHITE),
        ("FONTNAME",     (0, 0), (-1, 0), "Helvetica-Bold"),
        ("GRID",         (0, 0), (-1,-1), 0.4, HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, C_ALT]),
        ("TOPPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0, 0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("LEFTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0, 0), (-1,-1), 6),
        ("VALIGN",       (0, 0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]
    if row_colors:
        for i, rc in enumerate(row_colors, start=1):
            if rc:
                ts.append(("BACKGROUND", (0, i), (-1, i), rc))
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle(ts))
    return tbl

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# BUILD CONTENT
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []

# ── TITLE BLOCK ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
title_tbl = Table(
    [[Paragraph("HEART MURMURS", TITLE_STYLE)],
     [Paragraph("Quick Reference Card  ·  CVS Auscultation", SUBTITLE_STYLE)]],
    colWidths=[PAGE_W - 2*MARGIN]
)
title_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), C_HEADER),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("ROUNDEDCORNERS",[6]),
]))
story.append(title_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 10))

# ── SECTION 1 – MURMUR TIMING ────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("1.  MURMUR TIMING"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

story.append(Paragraph(
    "The <b>first and most important</b> step in identifying any murmur is establishing "
    "its timing within the cardiac cycle relative to S1 and S2.",
    BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# 1a Systolic
story.append(Paragraph("<b>A.  Systolic Murmurs</b>  (S1 → S2)", BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

sys_headers = ["Sub-type", "Onset / End", "Shape", "Key Causes"]
sys_rows = [
    ["Early Systolic",
     "Begins at S1; ends well before S2",
     "Decrescendo",
     "Acute MR (papillary / chordal rupture); muscular VSD; TR with normal PA pressure"],
    ["Mid-Systolic\n(Ejection)",
     "Starts after S1 (after IVCT); ends before S2",
     "Crescendo-decrescendo (diamond)",
     "Aortic stenosis; pulmonic stenosis; HCM; aortic sclerosis; high-output states (anaemia, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis)"],
    ["Holosystolic\n(Pansystolic)",
     "S1 to S2 – spans all of systole",
     "Plateau (constant)",
     "Chronic MR; tricuspid regurgitation; VSD (restrictive)"],
    ["Late Systolic",
     "Mid-to-late systole; ends at S2",
     "Crescendo (often preceded by click)",
     "Mitral valve prolapse; papillary muscle dysfunction"],
]
sys_colors = [C_SYS, C_SYS, C_SYS, C_SYS]
story.append(make_table(sys_headers, sys_rows,
    [3.2*cm, 4.2*cm, 3.5*cm, 6.5*cm], row_colors=sys_colors))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# 1b Diastolic
story.append(Paragraph("<b>B.  Diastolic Murmurs</b>  (S2 → S1) – Almost always pathological", BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

dia_headers = ["Sub-type", "Onset / End", "Quality", "Key Causes"]
dia_rows = [
    ["Early Diastolic",
     "Immediately after S2; decrescendo",
     "Blowing, high-pitched\n(use diaphragm)",
     "Aortic regurgitation; pulmonary regurgitation (Graham Steell)"],
    ["Mid-Diastolic",
     "After brief gap post-S2",
     "Rumbling, low-pitched\n(use BELL)",
     "Mitral stenosis (follows OS); tricuspid stenosis; Austin Flint murmur"],
    ["Presystolic",
     "Just before S1; ends at S1",
     "Crescendo rumble",
     "Mitral stenosis (sinus rhythm only); tricuspid stenosis"],
]
dia_colors = [C_DIA, C_DIA, C_DIA]
story.append(make_table(dia_headers, dia_rows,
    [3.2*cm, 4.2*cm, 3.5*cm, 6.5*cm], row_colors=dia_colors))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# 1c Continuous
story.append(Paragraph("<b>C.  Continuous Murmurs</b>  (systole + diastole)", BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 3))

con_headers = ["Cause", "Character", "Notes"]
con_rows = [
    ["Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)",
     "Machinery murmur – peaks around S2; heard continuously",
     "2nd LICS; louder in systole and around S2"],
    ["Arteriovenous fistula",
     "Continuous bruit",
     "At site of fistula"],
    ["Venous hum",
     "Continuous, low humming",
     "At neck/clavicle; disappears with neck vein compression – INNOCENT"],
    ["Cervical bruit (carotid stenosis)",
     "Systolic > diastolic",
     "Heard at neck; obliterates with stethoscope pressure"],
]
con_colors = [C_CON]*4
story.append(make_table(con_headers, con_rows,
    [4.5*cm, 5.5*cm, 7.4*cm], row_colors=con_colors))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 2 – VALVE TIMING RULE ───────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("2.  VALVE TIMING RULE (Memory Aid)", C_ACCENT))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

vt_headers = ["Valve", "Abnormality", "Murmur Timing", "Mnemonic"]
vt_rows = [
    ["Aortic / Pulmonary", "Stenosis",      "Systolic",  "SAS – Systolic Aortic Stenosis"],
    ["Aortic / Pulmonary", "Regurgitation", "Diastolic", "ARD – Aortic Regurgitation = Diastolic"],
    ["Mitral / Tricuspid", "Stenosis",      "Diastolic", "MSD – Mitral Stenosis = Diastolic"],
    ["Mitral / Tricuspid", "Regurgitation", "Systolic",  "MRS – Mitral Regurgitation = Systolic"],
]
story.append(make_table(vt_headers, vt_rows,
    [4.5*cm, 4*cm, 3.5*cm, 5.4*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "<i>Rule: Stenosis of a semilunar valve = systolic (blocked outflow); "
    "Regurgitation of an AV valve = systolic (backward during high-pressure systole). "
    "Everything flips for the other group.</i>", NOTE_STYLE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 3 – GRADING (LEVINE SCALE) ──────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("3.  GRADING OF INTENSITY — Levine Scale (I – VI)"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

grade_headers = ["Grade", "Description", "Thrill?", "Clinical Significance"]
grade_rows = [
    ["I / VI",   "Very soft; heard only with deliberate effort", "No",  "Borderline clinical significance; often innocent"],
    ["II / VI",  "Soft but easily audible",                      "No",  "Common; may be innocent or pathological"],
    ["III / VI", "Moderately loud",                              "No",  "Usually pathological; echocardiography warranted"],
    ["IV / VI",  "Loud",                                         "YES", "Structural heart disease very likely"],
    ["V / VI",   "Very loud; heard with stethoscope edge on chest","YES","Significant structural pathology"],
    ["VI / VI",  "Heard with stethoscope off the chest",         "YES", "Severe structural pathology"],
]
rc = [C_ALT, WHITE, C_SYS, HexColor("#FDEBD0"), C_DIA, HexColor("#FADBD8")]
story.append(make_table(grade_headers, grade_rows,
    [2*cm, 6.5*cm, 2.2*cm, 6.7*cm], row_colors=rc))

story.append(Spacer(1, 5))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "<b>Rule of thumb:</b>  Grade <b>I–II</b> midsystolic in asymptomatic young patients = likely innocent. "
    "Grade <b>≥ III</b> systolic (especially holosystolic or late systolic), "
    "or <b>any diastolic / continuous</b> murmur = echocardiography indicated.", BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 4 – LOCATION & RADIATION ────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("4.  LOCATION & RADIATION"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

loc_headers = ["Murmur", "Best Heard At", "Radiates To", "Key Feature"]
loc_rows = [
    ["Aortic Stenosis",       "2nd RICS (aortic area)",        "Carotids, neck",           "Slow-rising pulse; ejection click (mild AS)"],
    ["Pulmonic Stenosis",     "2nd LICS",                      "Left shoulder / neck",     "Wide split S2; RV heave"],
    ["Mitral Regurgitation",  "Apex (mitral area)",            "Left axilla",              "S3 often present; anterior jet = LSB radiation"],
    ["Tricuspid Regurgitation","Lower LSB (4th LICS)",         "Right side; no radiation", "Increases with inspiration (Carvallo's sign)"],
    ["VSD",                   "3rd–4th LICS",                  "Entire precordium",        "Thrill at LSB; louder = smaller defect"],
    ["Mitral Stenosis",       "Apex (left lateral position)",  "Minimal",                  "Rumbling; opening snap; loud S1"],
    ["Aortic Regurgitation",  "3rd LICS (Erb's point)",        "Apex",                     "Austin Flint murmur; Corrigan's pulse"],
    ["PDA",                   "2nd LICS infraclavicular",      "Left shoulder",            "Continuous 'machinery' murmur"],
    ["HCM",                   "Lower LSB / apex",              "Carotids (variable)",      "Increases with Valsalva / standing; decreases with squatting"],
]
story.append(make_table(loc_headers, loc_rows,
    [3.8*cm, 4*cm, 3.8*cm, 5.8*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── PAGE BREAK before bedside maneuvers ──────────────────────────────────────
from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak
story.append(PageBreak())

# ── SECTION 5 – BEDSIDE MANEUVERS ────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("5.  BEDSIDE MANEUVERS & THEIR EFFECTS", C_MANV_HDR))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

story.append(Paragraph(
    "Maneuvers alter <b>preload</b>, <b>afterload</b>, or <b>contractility</b>, "
    "changing murmur intensity or timing in predictable ways. "
    "Key principle: most murmurs <i>increase</i> with greater volume/flow, "
    "except <b>HCM</b> and <b>MVP</b> which behave paradoxically.",
    BODY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

man_headers = ["Maneuver", "Preload", "Afterload", "HCM", "MVP (click timing)", "AS / MR / VSD"]
man_rows = [
    ["Valsalva (strain phase)",  "Decreases", "Decreases",
     "LOUDER (obstruction worse)", "Click moves EARLIER (louder murmur, longer)",
     "Softer"],
    ["Valsalva release\n(post-strain)",
     "Increases", "Increases",
     "Softer", "Click moves LATER (shorter murmur)",
     "Louder (transient)"],
    ["Standing (from squat)",
     "Decreases", "Decreases",
     "LOUDER", "Click earlier; murmur louder",
     "Softer"],
    ["Squatting (from stand)",
     "Increases", "Increases",
     "Softer", "Click later; murmur softer/shorter",
     "LOUDER"],
    ["Passive leg raise",
     "Increases", "–",
     "Softer", "Click later; murmur softer",
     "Louder"],
    ["Isometric handgrip\n(sustained)",
     "–", "Increases (SVR up)",
     "Softer", "Click later; murmur softer",
     "MR, VSD, AR louder; AS softer"],
    ["Amyl nitrite\n(vasodilator)",
     "Decreases (pooling)", "Decreases",
     "LOUDER", "Click earlier; murmur louder",
     "AS louder; AR softer; MR softer"],
    ["Inspiration",
     "Increases (right-sided)", "–",
     "Variable", "Variable",
     "Right-sided murmurs LOUDER (Carvallo's); left-sided unchanged"],
    ["Expiration",
     "–", "–",
     "Variable", "Variable",
     "Left-sided murmurs slightly louder; aortic click louder"],
]
story.append(make_table(man_headers, man_rows,
    [3.2*cm, 2*cm, 2*cm, 3.2*cm, 4*cm, 3*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 6 – MANEUVER QUICK MEMORY ───────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("6.  QUICK MEMORY: MANEUVER EFFECTS", C_ACCENT))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

mem_data = [
    [Paragraph("<b>Decreases preload</b>\n(Standing, Valsalva strain, Amyl nitrite)", SMALL),
     Paragraph(
         "HCM: <b>LOUDER</b> (LV outflow tract narrows)\n"
         "MVP: click moves EARLIER, murmur longer\n"
         "Most others: SOFTER (less flow)", SMALL)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Increases preload</b>\n(Squatting, Passive leg raise, Post-Valsalva release)", SMALL),
     Paragraph(
         "HCM: <b>SOFTER</b> (better LV filling, less obstruction)\n"
         "MVP: click moves LATER, murmur shorter\n"
         "Most others: LOUDER", SMALL)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Increases afterload</b>\n(Isometric handgrip, Squatting)", SMALL),
     Paragraph(
         "MR, VSD, AR: LOUDER (more pressure gradient)\n"
         "AS: SOFTER (relative)\n"
         "HCM: SOFTER (LV does not need to obstruct as hard)", SMALL)],
    [Paragraph("<b>Inspiration</b>", SMALL),
     Paragraph(
         "Right-sided murmurs LOUDER (TR, PS, TS)\n"
         "Carvallo's sign: TR murmur increases with inspiration\n"
         "S3/S4 from right side: louder on inspiration", SMALL)],
]
mem_tbl = Table(mem_data, colWidths=[6*cm, 11.4*cm])
mem_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0, 0), (0, -1), HexColor("#EAF4FB")),
    ("BACKGROUND",    (1, 0), (1, -1), WHITE),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0, 0), (-1,-1), [HexColor("#EAF4FB"), HexColor("#FDF6F0"),
                                         HexColor("#F0FBF0"), HexColor("#FBF0F0")]),
    ("GRID",          (0, 0), (-1,-1), 0.4, HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
    ("VALIGN",        (0, 0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1,-1), 7),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1,-1), 7),
]))
story.append(mem_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 7 – INNOCENT vs PATHOLOGICAL ─────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("7.  INNOCENT vs PATHOLOGICAL MURMURS"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

ip_headers = ["Feature", "Innocent Murmur", "Pathological Murmur"]
ip_rows = [
    ["Timing",       "Mid-systolic only",                  "Holosystolic, late systolic, diastolic, or continuous"],
    ["Grade",        "I–II / VI",                          "Often III / VI or louder"],
    ["Thrill",       "Absent",                             "May be present (grade IV+)"],
    ["Quality",      "Soft, vibratory (Still's murmur)",   "Harsh, blowing, or rumbling"],
    ["Radiation",    "Minimal / none",                     "Often radiates (axilla, neck, etc.)"],
    ["S2",           "Normal split",                       "May be abnormal (fixed split, absent, etc.)"],
    ["Associated Sx","None – asymptomatic",                "Dyspnoea, syncope, chest pain, cyanosis"],
    ["Response",     "Decreases with standing / Valsalva", "Variable; persists or worsens"],
    ["Echocardiography","Not required if typical features","Indicated (any diastolic/continuous; grade ≥ III systolic)"],
]
story.append(make_table(ip_headers, ip_rows,
    [4*cm, 5.5*cm, 7.9*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── SECTION 8 – SPECIAL MURMUR CHARACTERS ────────────────────────────────────
story.append(section_banner("8.  CHARACTERISTIC MURMUR DESCRIPTIONS"))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

char_headers = ["Murmur", "Classic Description", "Key Additional Sign"]
char_rows = [
    ["Aortic Stenosis",        "Harsh, rough crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur; may sound musical at apex (Gallavardin)", "Slow-rising carotid pulse; systolic thrill at 2nd RICS"],
    ["Aortic Regurgitation",   "Soft, blowing, high-pitched decrescendo diastolic (Erb's point); sometimes audible unaided", "Corrigan's (water-hammer) pulse; Austin Flint mid-diastolic rumble"],
    ["Mitral Stenosis",        "Low-pitched, rumbling mid-diastolic; loud S1; opening snap (OS) after S2", "OS-S2 interval inversely proportional to severity; presystolic accentuation in SR"],
    ["Mitral Regurgitation",   "Holosystolic plateau murmur; best at apex; radiates to axilla", "S3 gallop; displaced hyperdynamic apex"],
    ["Mitral Valve Prolapse",  "Mid-systolic click followed by late systolic murmur (crescendo to S2)", "Click moves earlier and murmur lengthens with standing / Valsalva"],
    ["PDA",                    "'Machinery' continuous murmur; peaks around S2; heard under left clavicle", "Bounding peripheral pulses; wide pulse pressure"],
    ["VSD (restrictive)",      "Loud (grade IV–V) holosystolic murmur at LSB; thrill usually present", "Louder murmur paradoxically = smaller, more restrictive defect"],
    ["HCM",                    "Harsh mid-systolic ejection at LSB/apex; does NOT radiate well to neck", "Dynamic obstruction; increases with Valsalva / standing"],
    ["TR",                     "Holosystolic at lower LSB; softer than MR", "Carvallo's sign (louder with inspiration); prominent v wave in JVP"],
    ["Graham Steell",          "Early diastolic decrescendo at pulmonary area", "Pulmonary regurgitation due to pulmonary hypertension"],
    ["Austin Flint",           "Mid-diastolic rumble at apex (mimics MS)",      "Seen in severe AR; no opening snap; S1 not loud"],
]
story.append(make_table(char_headers, char_rows,
    [4*cm, 6.8*cm, 6.6*cm]))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── FOOTER NOTE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=HexColor("#AAAAAA")))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Sources: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 22nd Ed. (2025) · "
    "Fuster &amp; Hurst's The Heart 15th Ed. · Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 26th Ed.  "
    "| Orris Medical Quick Reference · For clinical use — always correlate with full patient assessment.",
    FOOTER_STYLE))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print("PDF created:", OUTPUT)

cd /home/daytona/workspace/murmur-pdf && python create_murmur_pdf.py 2>&1

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/murmur-pdf/Heart_Murmurs_Quick_Reference.pdf