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specialist referral hypertension care resistant hypertension secondary causes adrenal incidentaloma guideline

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hypertension referral specialist

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Select A, B, C, D, and E.
  • A: BP remains above goal on 3 drugs, suggesting resistant hypertension.
  • B: CKD with hyperkalemia limiting RAAS-inhibitor use makes management complex.
  • C: Difficult BP control plus orthostatic hypotension needs individualized specialist management.
  • D: Hypertension beginning relatively young in a non-obese person with family history can warrant assessment for secondary or inherited causes.
  • E: Hypertension plus an adrenal incidentaloma requires work-up for a secondary endocrine cause, especially primary aldosteronism.
Do not select F: prior ACE-inhibitor angioedema alone usually means avoid ACE inhibitors and use an alternative regimen; it does not by itself require specialty hypertension referral.
This matches referral principles for resistant or complex hypertension and suspected secondary hypertension. The Textbook of Family Medicine advises considering referral when BP remains above goal on 3 antihypertensives including a diuretic at near-maximal doses (Textbook of Family Medicine 9e, p. 3441-3444), and ESC guidance specifically flags hypertension with an adrenal incidentaloma for endocrine evaluation.
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