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Answer them
analyse_media
Now I have all the questions. Let me answer all 40 of them based on my medical knowledge. Note that many questions are cut off in the image, but I'll answer them to the best extent possible with the visible options.
Answers to All 40 Questions
1. Cramping pain in the legs during exertion relieved by rest within 10 minutes is named as:
b. Intermittent claudication - This is the classic description of intermittent claudication due to Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). DVT causes persistent pain, not exertional. Neurogenic claudication is from spinal stenosis.
2. In Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis all signs are present, EXCEPT:
b. Heberden and Bouchard nodes - These are characteristic of Osteoarthritis (OA), not RA. RA affects MCP and PIP joints with swelling and thickening.
3. Gangrene always develops in chronic venous insufficiency. This statement is?
b. False - Gangrene is not a typical/inevitable feature of chronic venous insufficiency. CVI leads to skin changes, ulcers, and lipodermatosclerosis, but gangrene is more associated with severe arterial occlusion (PAD).
4. Which statement is correct?
b. Ulnar deviation - Knobby swellings with white chalk-like (tophaceous) discharge are characteristic of Gout (tophi), NOT Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis. In RA, ulnar deviation of the fingers is a classic deformity. So the correct statement is about ulnar deviation in RA.
5. The Rotator cuff of the Shoulder consists of the following muscles, EXCEPT:
c. Trapezius - The rotator cuff muscles are: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis (SITS). The Trapezius is NOT part of the rotator cuff.
6. Which statement is true?
a. Hyperpigmentation, edema, cyanosis and ulcers are the major signs of PAD - Actually, these signs are more characteristic of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI). However, among the given options, option (a) is the more complete/standard list. Note: Raynaud's disease is due to vasospasm, not acute occlusion, so (b) is false.
(Correction: Hyperpigmentation/edema/ulcers = CVI signs. PAD signs = pallor, coldness, absent pulses, claudication. If this is a "which is true" question, the answer depends on the full options - (b) is definitely false.)
7. A 41-year-old female patient presents with tender, red, swollen right knee (first episode):
This presentation (monoarthritis - single hot, red, swollen joint) in a middle-aged woman most likely suggests Septic arthritis or Crystal-induced arthritis (gout/pseudogout). The knee being the most common joint for pseudogout. (Question is cut off - cannot give a definitive lettered answer.)
8. What isn't right about physiological growth of infants?
b. Respiratory rate: 45 ± 10 c/min - Normal infant RR is 30-60 breaths/min, so 45±10 overlaps with normal range.
More likely the wrong value is d. Blood pressure (option cut off) OR the pulse. Normal infant pulse is 120-160 bpm, so "110-150 b/min" (option a) is slightly low.
Answer: a. Pulse 110-150 b/min (normal is 120-160 bpm in newborns)
9. To which muscle group do Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor belong?
a. The Axiohumeral group - Pectoralis major and minor connect the axial skeleton to the humerus/upper limb, placing them in the axiohumeral (thoracohumeral) group.
10. A 31-year-old male: metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe is very painful:
This is the classic description of Gout (acute gouty arthritis) - podagra. The MTP joint of the big toe is the most commonly affected joint. (Question is cut off.)
11. What isn't right about head circumference of a normal infant?
b. Then, ½ cm/month - Normal head circumference increases by approximately 2 cm/month in the first 3 months, then 1 cm/month from 3-6 months, then about 0.5 cm/month from 6-12 months. The statement that it increases ½ cm/month after the initial 3 months is not quite right - it should be about 1 cm/month from 3-6 months first.
12. Newborns lose 5-10% of weight by 3-4 days after birth. This is NOT a result of:
a. Withdrawal of hormones from mother - The physiological weight loss in newborns is due to: loss of meconium, passage of urine, insensible water loss, and reduced intake. Hormonal withdrawal causes other changes (breast engorgement, etc.) but is not the primary reason for weight loss.
13. Medical laboratory device used to separate blood components (red cells, white cells, platelets):
This is a Centrifuge - it separates blood components by density using centrifugal force.
14. Limb distal to occlusion becomes cold, pale, and pulseless - emergency treatment:
This describes acute limb ischemia (the "6 P's": Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia). Emergency treatment = immediate surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis.
15. Medical equipment using electrodes to determine partial pressure of CO₂ and O₂ in blood:
Blood Gas Analyzer (ABG machine) - uses electrochemical electrodes (Clark electrode for O₂, Severinghaus electrode for CO₂).
16. Primary research includes all, EXCEPT:
d. Analytical research - Primary research involves laboratory-based, clinical, and epidemiological research. Analytical research is a type of secondary/observational research methodology, not a distinct category of primary research. (Though this is debatable - the most likely intended answer is d.)
17. A 68-year-old patient's ABI = 0.85. What does this mean?
a. This ABI value is normal with no symptoms of PAD - ABI interpretation:
-
1.0 = Normal
- 0.91-1.0 = Borderline
- 0.71-0.90 = Mild PAD
- 0.41-0.70 = Moderate PAD
- ≤0.40 = Severe PAD
ABI of 0.85 = Mild PAD (not completely normal). So the correct answer is b. indicates mild PAD (option b is cut off but implies mild PAD).
18. What is NOT a Red Flag in infant development?
b. Unable to transfer objects from hand to hand by age 1 year - Transfer of objects hand-to-hand is normally achieved by 6-7 months. Not being able to do so by age 1 IS a red flag.
- Unable to sit alone by 9 months IS a red flag. Answer: Neither is truly "not a red flag." The question likely has more options. Among visible options, b is the more expected developmental milestone that if missed at age 1 would still be a red flag. The answer intended is likely a - sitting alone by 9 months is a milestone, and inability to sit alone by 9 months is indeed a red flag, so it IS a red flag.
More likely answer: b is the "not a red flag" - because transferring objects should happen by 7 months, so failure at 1 year IS a red flag. Wait - re-reading: "Unable to transfer objects hand to hand by age 1 year" - if the milestone is 6-7 months, then failing at 1 year is a big red flag. So both are red flags. The intended answer is probably a (sitting alone by 9 months - this is expected, and inability is a red flag, so it IS a red flag, not "not a red flag"). This question needs complete options.
19. Strength tests for rotator cuff assessment include all, EXCEPT:
a. Painful arc - The Painful Arc test is a special test for impingement/rotator cuff tears, but it tests for pain, not strength specifically. Strength tests include: Empty Can (supraspinatus), Lift-off test (subscapularis), External rotation resistance (infraspinatus/teres minor). The painful arc is a range-of-motion/impingement test, not a strength test.
20. Factors related to mothers during pregnancy (maternal factors) - which is NOT one?
d. Us... (cut off - likely "Use of contraceptives before pregnancy" or similar)
Among visible options: Nutritional deficiencies, faulty placental implantation, and exposure to radiation are all recognized maternal factors affecting fetal development. Option d is the answer.
21. Cyanotic skin coloration on dependency, petechiae, brown pigmentation, and ulceration at the ankle - mainly characteristic for:
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) - These are classic signs: dependent cyanosis, hemosiderin deposits (brown pigmentation), lipodermatosclerosis, and venous ulcers at the medial ankle (gaiter area).
22. At 4 months, the infant can:
a. Bring hands together in midline and play with fingers - At 4 months, infants bring hands to midline and begin hand regard. Balancing head well when sitting (b) is more of a 4-6 month skill. Sitting with slight support (c) is around 4-5 months.
Answer: a (hands to midline at 4 months is a specific milestone).
23. Medical lab equipment mainly used for sterilizing surgical/pharmaceutical items:
Autoclave - Uses steam under pressure (moist heat sterilization). The cut-off option "a. Immunoa..." is likely "Autoclave." It is the gold standard for sterilization of surgical instruments.
24. Which statement is correct regarding the Buerger test?
a. If the pink color of the foot returns in 5 seconds - no sign of Arterial Insufficiency - In the Buerger test (elevation then dependency), normal capillary refill with return of color in <5 seconds indicates no significant arterial insufficiency. A delay >15-20 seconds suggests arterial disease. So a is correct.
25. Restricted range of motion in the Shoulder joint can occur in:
d. In all - Bursitis, tendinitis, capsulitis, sprains, and rotator cuff tears all can cause restricted ROM in the shoulder.
26. Lab equipment capable of separating non-soluble material from available sample (separating cells from):
Centrifuge - Used to separate cells, precipitates, and other non-soluble materials from liquid samples.
27. Trendelenburg test helps to assess:
a. Competency of venous valves - The Trendelenburg test assesses the competence of the saphenofemoral junction and perforator valves in the lower limb venous system.
28. Medical lab equipment used for tracking illness due to infections in the urinary tract:
a. Hematology analyzer (cut off) - but more specifically for urinary infections, a Urine analyzer / urinalysis strip reader or microscopy would be used. If option a says "Hematology analyzer" that's for blood. The correct answer here likely refers to a Urine Analyzer.
29. Medical laboratory device used to monitor leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and types of bleeding disorders:
Flow Cytometer - Used for immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies and analyzing cell populations. Also a Hematology Analyzer for blood dyscrasias.
30. Inflammatory cause of joint pain can be found in all joint disorders, EXCEPT:
Answer: Osteoarthritis - OA is primarily a degenerative (non-inflammatory) joint disease, not primarily inflammatory. However, among the given options:
- Crystalline-induced (gout, pseudogout) = inflammatory ✓
- Infectious origin = inflammatory ✓ The answer is the option representing degenerative/mechanical cause (not shown in visible options - likely option c or d).
31. Osteoarthritis is characterized by:
c. I... (cut off) - OA is characterized by: progressive loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, and joint space narrowing. It is NOT primarily inflammatory.
- (a) Chronic inflammation = wrong (that's RA)
- (b) Inflammatory reaction to urate crystals = wrong (that's Gout)
- c is likely correct (probably "cartilage degeneration/progressive wear").
32. At 6 months, the infant CANNOT:
a. Sit alone briefly - At 6 months, infants typically CANNOT yet sit alone without support. Sitting alone briefly is achieved around 6-7 months (so borderline), but "sitting alone steadily" is 8-9 months. The infant at 6 months CAN:
- Turn completely over (b) - rolling is achieved by 4-5 months ✓
- Lift chest when prone (c) - by 3-4 months ✓ Answer: a. Sit alone briefly - this is what they cannot yet do at exactly 6 months.
33. Laboratory equipment used to maintain very low temperatures close to -50°, for storing samples:
Ultra-low temperature freezer (ULT freezer) - Used to store biological samples, vaccines, and cell cultures at -50°C to -80°C.
34. Emotional development of school-age child (6-12 years) is NOT: (The highlighted question)
b. Jealous of siblings (especially 6-8 years old) - Actually, sibling jealousy IS seen in toddlers/preschoolers (Erikson's stage), not specifically a school-age emotional development.
School-age emotional development includes: fear of bodily injury, fear of dark, fear of failure/school, industry vs. inferiority (Erikson), peer relationships, and following rules.
- (a) Fears injury to body and fear of dark = YES, this IS a feature of school-age emotional development ✓
- Answer: b - Jealousy of siblings is more of a preschool/toddler characteristic, not specific to school-age emotional development.
35. Unilateral calf and ankle swelling/edema can suggest all conditions, EXCEPT:
Answer: Bilateral conditions - Unilateral leg edema suggests: DVT, venous thromboembolism, lymphedema, local infection/cellulitis. Bilateral edema suggests systemic causes (heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia). So any systemic/bilateral cause would be the exception. The "except" answer is likely a systemic cause (option c, cut off).
36. Medical laboratory device used to disinfect and sterilize equipment (pipette tips, plastic tubes, glass):
Autoclave - Steam sterilization is used for heat-resistant labware. For heat-sensitive plastics, UV or chemical sterilization may be used.
37. Types of development - which is NOT a type?
d. Physiological growth - The recognized types of development are: Motor (a), Cognitive (b), Emotional (c), Social (e), Language, and Moral development. "Physiological growth" is a biological process but is not classified as a "type of development" in developmental psychology/pediatrics.
Answer: d. Physiological growth
38. Most essential lab equipment (beakers, flasks) used for transferring, storing, measuring, and heating liquids:
a. He... (cut off - likely "Heat-resistant glassware" or "Heating equipment") - Beakers and flasks are glassware (borosilicate glass). The answer is likely Glassware or Erlenmeyer flasks.
39. A 67-year-old patient's ABI = 0.34. What does this mean?
This indicates severe PAD - ABI ≤ 0.40 = Severe peripheral arterial disease with critical limb ischemia. The patient is at high risk for limb loss and requires urgent vascular intervention. Option a (normal) is incorrect. Answer: b (severe PAD / critical limb ischemia).
40. Secondary sex characteristics in boys:
c. Change in the vag... (cut off - likely "voice" = voice change/deepening) - Secondary sex characteristics in boys include: pubic/axillary/facial hair, deepening of voice, enlargement of penis/testes, increased muscle mass, acne.
- (a) Increase in transverse diameter of pelvis = female characteristic ✗
- (b) Development of breasts = female characteristic (gynecomastia can occur but is not normal secondary sex characteristic) ✗
- (c) Change in voice (deepening) = correct male secondary sex characteristic ✓
Quick Reference Summary Table
| Q | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | b. Intermittent claudication |
| 2 | b. Heberden & Bouchard nodes |
| 3 | b. False |
| 4 | b. Ulnar deviation (in RA) |
| 5 | c. Trapezius |
| 6 | b is false; Raynaud's = vasospasm |
| 7 | Acute monoarthritis (gout/septic) |
| 8 | a. Pulse 110-150 (normal is 120-160) |
| 9 | a. Axiohumeral group |
| 10 | Gout (podagra) |
| 11 | b. ½ cm/month (should be 1 cm/month 3-6mo) |
| 12 | a. Withdrawal of hormones |
| 13 | Centrifuge |
| 14 | Acute limb ischemia - emergency surgery |
| 15 | Blood Gas Analyzer |
| 16 | d. Analytical research |
| 17 | b. Mild PAD (0.85 = mild) |
| 18 | Depends on full options |
| 19 | a. Painful arc |
| 20 | d (cut off) |
| 21 | Chronic Venous Insufficiency |
| 22 | a. Hands to midline |
| 23 | Autoclave |
| 24 | a. Correct - <5 sec = no insufficiency |
| 25 | d. In all |
| 26 | Centrifuge |
| 27 | a. Venous valve competency |
| 28 | Urine Analyzer |
| 29 | Flow Cytometer / Hematology Analyzer |
| 30 | Degenerative/mechanical (OA) |
| 31 | c. Cartilage degeneration |
| 32 | a. Sit alone briefly |
| 33 | Ultra-low temperature (ULT) freezer |
| 34 | b. Jealous of siblings |
| 35 | Systemic/bilateral cause (c, cut off) |
| 36 | Autoclave |
| 37 | d. Physiological growth |
| 38 | Glassware |
| 39 | b. Severe PAD / critical limb ischemia |
| 40 | c. Voice change (deepening) |
Note: Several questions and answer options are cut off in the image. The answers above reflect the most clinically accurate responses based on visible content. For questions with truncated options, the reasoning is explained so you can match to the full option on your screen.
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