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This is textbook copy of universal immunization programme Make it simply and give me
Here's a simplified version of the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) from the textbook:
🇮🇳 Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) - Simple Notes
📌 What is UIP?
- Launched in 1978 as Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI)
- Expanded to UIP in 1985, targeting all districts by 1989-90
- Protects children from vaccine-preventable diseases
- Covers 2.6 crore newborns and 3 crore pregnant mothers every year
- 90 lakh+ vaccinations given annually via ~27,000 cold chain points
🎯 Key Milestones
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1978 | EPI launched in India |
| 1985 | Expanded to UIP |
| 1992 | Part of Child Survival & Safe Motherhood Program |
| 1997 | Part of National Reproductive & Child Health Programme |
| 2005 | Core area under National Health Mission (NHM) |
💉 Diseases Covered (11 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases)
| Disease | Key Points |
|---|---|
| Polio | Last case: Jan 13, 2011. IPV given at 6 & 14 weeks. India declared polio-free by WHO in 2014 |
| Measles | 2 doses - first covered in 1985, second added in 2010. 12 crore children covered |
| Hepatitis B | Prevents jaundice & liver cancer. Given at birth, 6, 10, 14 weeks (as Pentavalent) |
| Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus | Part of Pentavalent vaccine |
| TB (severe forms) | Covered under immunization |
| Haemophilus influenza type B | Causes meningitis & pneumonia; part of Pentavalent |
| Rubella | Part of Measles-Rubella (MR) campaign |
| Rotavirus | 3 doses with Pentavalent; covers diarrhea |
| Japanese Encephalitis (JE) | 2 doses (9-12 months & 16-24 months); for endemic districts |
💊 Key Vaccines Explained Simply
Pentavalent Vaccine (5-in-1)
- Protects against: Hep B + Diphtheria + Pertussis + Tetanus + Hib
- Given at: 6, 10, 14 weeks
- Replaced older DPT + Hep B vaccines
Rotavirus Vaccine
- 3 doses with Pentavalent (1st, 2nd, 3rd dose)
- Released March 26, 2016 in 4 states, later expanded
PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)
- Prevents pneumonia from Pneumococcal bacteria
- 2 doses at 6 & 14 weeks + booster at 9 months
- Introduced in UP, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh in 2017
tOPV to bOPV Switch
- India switched from trivalent to bivalent oral polio vaccine on April 25, 2016
- Risk-mitigation: IPV introduced in all states
🏃 Key Campaigns
| Campaign | Details |
|---|---|
| MR Campaign | Measles-Rubella for children 9 months - 15 years. Started Feb 5, 2017 in 5 states |
| Adult JE Vaccination | For 15-65 year olds in 31 high-burden districts (Assam, UP, West Bengal) |
| Mission Indradhanush | Launched Dec 25, 2014. Target: 90% immunization by 2020. Covers 8 diseases. 4 intensified 7-day drives/month |
🏆 MNTE (Maternal & Neonatal Tetanus Elimination)
- Verified in all 36 states/UTs (2001-15)
- India certified MNTE in May 2015
- With support from WHO & UNICEF
- Ahead of WHO's global target of December 2015
📅 National Immunization Schedule (NIS)
- Government-led under UIP
- Free vaccines at government health facilities
- Protects children, pregnant women, and infants
👶 Infant Feeding & Health Monitoring (from same chapter)
0-6 Months:
- Exclusive breastfeeding
- Newborn checkups at: 24 hrs, 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, 6 weeks
- Monitor for jaundice, infections, growth
6-12 Months (Complementary Feeding):
- Continue breastfeeding + semi-solid/soft foods 3-5x/day
- Add cereals, fruits, vegetables, pulses, eggs
- Vaccines: DPT, OPV, IPV, Rotavirus, Measles-Rubella, Vitamin A
Memory tip for 11 diseases: "TB, Polio, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Hep B, Hib, Rubella, Rotavirus, JE"
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