In sushruta samhita where the dravya classification based karmaa

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Sushruta Samhita dravya classification based on karma 37 groups Sutra Sthana

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Sushruta Samhita 37 ganas complete list karma classification Dravyaguna Sutra Sthana chapter 38

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Dravya Classification Based on Karma in Sushruta Samhita

The karma-based (therapeutic action-based) classification of dravyas (drugs) in the Sushruta Samhita is described in Sutra Sthana, Chapter 38 - Dravya Sangrahaniya Adhyaya (Chapter on Collection/Groups of Drugs). The drugs are grouped into 37 Ganas (pharmacological groups), each named after the first/lead drug in the group and defined by a common therapeutic action.
This is distinct from Charaka Samhita's 50 Mahakashayas. Sushruta's approach groups drugs primarily by their clinical/therapeutic use and their dosha-balancing effect.

The 37 Ganas of Sushruta Samhita

No.Gana NameLead DrugKey Therapeutic Karma
1Vidarigandhadi GanaVidarigandhaBalya (strength-promoting), Vata-Kapha shamana
2Aragwadhadi GanaAragwadha (Cassia fistula)Kushthagna (anti-skin disease), Krimighna
3Salasaradi GanaSalasaraSandhaniya (fracture-healing), Vrana-ropana
4Varunadi GanaVarunaAshmaribhedana (lithotriptic), Mutravirechaniya
5Viratarvadi GanaVirataravaKaphavataghna, anti-inflammatory
6Rodhradi GanaRodhraShothahara (anti-oedema), Stambhana
7Arkadi GanaArkaKaphamedasoghna, Krimighna, Kushthagna, Vranaropana
8Surasadi GanaSurasa (Tulasi)Kaphahara, Krimisudana, Kasasvasaghna, Vranasodhana
9Mushkakadi GanaMushkakaJwarahara (antipyretic), Kaphavataghna
10Pippalyadi GanaPippaliDipaniya (digestive stimulant), Vatakaphahara
11Eladi GanaEla (Cardamom)Vatakaphavishaghna, Varnya (complexion-enhancing), Kandughna
12Vachadi GanaVachaMedhya, Krimighna, Vatakapha shamana
13Haridradi GanaHaridraKushthagna, Krimighna, Vranasodhana
14Syamadi GanaSyamaVirechaniya (purgative), Udara-gulmaghna
15Brihatyadi GanaBrhatiDipaniya, Pittavatakaphaghna, Mutrakrcchragna
16Patoladi GanaPatolaPittakaphahara, Jwarashamana, Vranaghna, Vishaghna
17Kakolyadi GanaKakoliPittaraktavataghna, Brimhaniya (nutritive/anabolic), Vajikara, Stanyajanana
18Vatsanabadi GanaVatsanabhaVishagna, Krimighna
19Mustadi GanaMustaDipaniya, Pachana, Jwarahara, Kaphavataghna
20Haritakyadi GanaHaritakiTridoshaghna, Rasayana, Anulomana
21Trivrtadi GanaTrivrtVirechaniya (main purgative group)
22Amalakyadi GanaAmalakiRasayana, Pittahara, Vayasthapana
23Saptaparnadi GanaSaptaparnaJwaragna, Kaphavataghna
24Patoladi / Tikta GanaPatolaTikta rasa drugs - Jwarahara, anti-inflammatory
25Guducyadi GanaGuduchiJwaranamak (anti-fever), Dipana, Chardinigraha, Trishnahara, Dahaghna
26Utpaladi GanaUtpalaDahapittaraktavinashana, Trishnahara, Chardighna, Hrdrogaghna
27Priyangvadi GanaPriyanguStambhana, Atisaraghna (anti-diarrhoeal), Raktapittahara
28Anjanadi GanaAnjanaNetrya (ophthalmic), Kaphavataghna
29Laghupanchamula(group of 5 roots)Vataghna, Dipana
30Mahat Panchamula(larger 5 roots)Vataghna, Jwarahara, Shvasaghna
31Trnpanchamula(5 grass roots)Pittashamana, Mutravirajaniya
32Kantaka Panchamula(5 thorny roots)Kaphaghna, Raktapittasamaka
33Valli Panchamula(5 creeper roots)Pittaghna, Shotha-meha-shukradoroghna
34Dasamula(Laghu + Mahat Panchamula combined)Shvasaghna, Kaphapitta-vataghna, Amadoshaghna, Sarvajaraighna
35 & 36Valli Panchamula & Kantaki Panchamula(see above)See above
37Trivrtadi Gana (virechaniya)TrivrtThe main purgation group (details expanded elsewhere in Chikitsa Sthana)
Note: Some ganas (e.g., 35 & 36) are counted together, and gana 37 (Trivrtadi) is listed briefly in Sutra Sthana with a note that details will be given in Chikitsa Sthana.

Key Points About the Classification

Location in text: Sutra Sthana, Chapter 38 (Dravya-Sangrahaniya-Adhyaya). The chapter opens with: "Now we shall discourse on the Chapter which deals with the general classification of drugs according to their therapeutical properties."
Principle of grouping: Each gana groups drugs that share a predominant therapeutic karma. The karma is determined by the combination of the drug's Rasa (taste), Guna (quality), Virya (potency), Vipaka (post-digestive effect), and Prabhava (special action).
Comparison with Charaka's system:
  • Charaka Samhita uses 50 Mahakashayas (karma-based groups) in Sutra Sthana Ch. 4
  • Sushruta Samhita uses 37 Ganas in Sutra Sthana Ch. 38
  • Both are pharmacological/karma-based, but Sushruta's ganas tend to have a stronger emphasis on surgical conditions (Vrana-ropana, Shotha-hara, Sandhaniya, etc.) reflecting his surgical orientation
Panchamula groups (29-36): Eight of the 37 ganas are Panchamula (5-root groups) - these five-root combinations are especially important in treating Vata disorders, fevers, and respiratory diseases, and together form the famous Dasamula (ten roots).
The easyayurveda.com article on Sutra Sthana Chapter 38 provides the Sanskrit text and detailed drug lists for each gana, and the review article in IJSRU provides a comparative overview across all classical texts.

Create a reference PDF table of all 37 Sushruta ganas with their therapeutic actions

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Running Command

mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/sushruta-ganas

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~/sushruta-ganas/generate_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4, landscape
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle, Paragraph,
    Spacer, HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont
import os

OUTPUT_PATH = "/tmp/workspace/sushruta-ganas/Sushruta_37_Ganas_Reference.pdf"

# ── Data ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Columns: No | Gana Name | Lead Drug (Sanskrit) | Key Drugs in Group | Therapeutic Karma | Dosha Action
GANAS = [
    (1,  "Vidarigandhadi Gana",
     "Vidarigandha",
     "Vidarigandha, Vidari, Sahadeva, Vishvadeva, Shvadanshtra, Prithakparni, Shatavari, Sariva, Krishna-Sariva, Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Mahasaha, Kshudrasaha, Vrihati, Kantakari, Punarnava, Eranda, Hansapadi, Vrishchika, Rishavi",
     "Balya (strength-promoting), Brihmaniya (nourishing), Vrishya (aphrodisiac), Mutravirajaniya",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (2,  "Aragwadhadi Gana",
     "Aragwadha (Cassia fistula)",
     "Aragwadha, Karanja, Nimba, Patola, Saptaparna, Kutaja, Murva, Guduchi, Danti, Chitraka, Indravaruni, Devadaru, Shyonaka, Bilwa",
     "Kushthagna (anti-skin disease), Krimighna (anti-parasitic), Virechaniya (mild purgation), Jwaraghna",
     "Kapha-Pitta shamana"),

    (3,  "Salasaradi Gana",
     "Salasara",
     "Salasara, Priyangu, Dhataki, Lodhra, Arjuna, Asana, Tinisha, Khadira, Meshashringi, Rakta-chandana, Kadamba, Dhaava",
     "Sandhaniya (fracture/wound healing), Vranaropana (wound healing), Stambhana (astringent/haemostatic), Raktapittahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (4,  "Varunadi Gana",
     "Varuna",
     "Varuna, Shatavari, Punarnava, Eranda, Chitraka, Shigru, Gokshura, Pashanabheda, Palasha, Kulattha",
     "Ashmari-bhedana (lithotriptic), Mutravirechaniya (diuretic), Shothahara (anti-oedema), Vatanulomana",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (5,  "Viratarvadi Gana",
     "Viratarava",
     "Viratarava, Sringataka, Kasheruka, Ikshu, Darbha, Kusha, Kasha, Gundra, Shara, Nala",
     "Mutravirajaniya (urine normaliser), Raktapittahara, Dahahara (anti-burning), Trishnahara (anti-thirst)",
     "Pitta shamana"),

    (6,  "Rodhradi Gana",
     "Rodhra",
     "Rodhra, Savara, Kumbhika, Shalmali, Meshashringi, Katphala, Priyangu, Dhataki, Mocharasa, Gairika",
     "Shothahara (anti-inflammatory/anti-oedema), Stambhana (haemostatic), Vranaropana, Raktapittahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (7,  "Arkadi Gana",
     "Arka (Calotropis gigantea)",
     "Arka, Alarka, Karanja (two types), Nagadanti, Mayuraka, Bharangi, Rasna, Indrapushpi, Kshudraveta, Mahasveta, Vrischikali, Alavana, Tapasvriksha",
     "Krimighna (anti-parasitic), Kushthagna (anti-skin disease), Vranaropana (wound healing), Kapha-Medoghna",
     "Kapha-Meda shamana; Vishagna"),

    (8,  "Surasadi Gana",
     "Surasa (Ocimum sanctum – Tulasi)",
     "Surasa, Shvetasurasa, Phanijhaka, Arjaka, Bhustrina, Sugandha, Sumukhaka, Alamalaka, Kutheraka, Kasamardaka, Kshavaka, Kharapushpa, Vidanga, Katphala, Surasinirgundikulahala, Undurukarna, Fanjee, Prachibalaka, Kamachya, Vishamushtika",
     "Kaphahara, Krimisudana (anti-parasitic), Kasasvasaghna (cough/dyspnoea), Vranasodhana (wound cleansing), Pratishyayagna (anti-rhinitis)",
     "Kapha-Vata shamana"),

    (9,  "Mushkakadi Gana",
     "Mushkaka",
     "Mushkaka, Priyangu, Devadaru, Madhuka, Badara, Kashmari, Piyala, Dhava, Tinisha, Arjuna, Kadamba, Patala",
     "Jwaraghna (antipyretic), Raktapittahara, Trishnahara, Dahahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (10, "Pippalyadi Gana",
     "Pippali (Piper longum)",
     "Pippali, Pippalimoola, Chavya, Chitraka, Shunthi (dry ginger), Maricha, Ajamoda, Sarshapa, Jeeraka, Suvarchika",
     "Dipaniya (digestive stimulant), Pachana (digestant), Anulomana (carminative), Shulaghna, Jwaraghna",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (11, "Eladi Gana",
     "Ela (Elettaria cardamomum)",
     "Ela, Tagara, Kushtha, Mamsi, Dhyamaka, Tvak, Patra, Nagapushpa, Priyangu, Harenuka, Vyaghranakha, Valuka, Sukti, Sthaauneyaka, Srivestaka, Coca, Coraka, Aguru, Sphrukka, Usira, Bhadradri, Kumkuma, Punnaga, Kesara (Nagakesara)",
     "Varnya (complexion-enhancing), Kandughna (anti-pruritic), Vishagna (anti-toxic), Udardaghna (anti-urticaria)",
     "Vata-Kapha-Visha shamana"),

    (12, "Vachadi Gana",
     "Vacha (Acorus calamus)",
     "Vacha, Musta, Haridra, Daruharidra, Ativisha, Chirayata, Kiratatikta, Katuka, Indrayava, Saptaparna-bija",
     "Medhya (nootropic), Krimighna, Dipaniya, Jwaraghna, Vatakaphahara",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (13, "Haridradi Gana",
     "Haridra (Curcuma longa)",
     "Haridra, Daruharidra, Vasa, Nimba, Patola, Katuka, Chandana, Ushira, Madhuka, Manjishtha",
     "Kushthagna, Krimighna, Vranasodhana, Kandughna, Vishaghna",
     "Kapha-Pitta shamana"),

    (14, "Syamadi Gana",
     "Shyama (Operculina turpethum)",
     "Shyama, Trivrit, Danti, Shankhini, Kampillaka, Saindhava, Haritaki, Sauvarchala",
     "Virechaniya (purgative), Udara-gulma-nashana (abdominal tumour), Adhmanahara (carminative), Adho-bhagadoshahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha rechana"),

    (15, "Brihatyadi Gana",
     "Brhati (Solanum indicum)",
     "Brhati, Kantakarika, Kutajaphala, Patha, Madhuka",
     "Dipaniya, Pachana, Arochakagna (anti-anorexia), Mutrakrcchragna (anti-dysuria)",
     "Vata-Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (16, "Patoladi Gana",
     "Patola (Trichosanthes dioica)",
     "Patola, Chandana, Kuchandana, Murva, Guduchi, Patha, Katukrohini",
     "Pittakaphahara, Jwaraghna, Vranaghna, Vishaghna, Chardighna (anti-emetic), Kandughna",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (17, "Kakolyadi Gana",
     "Kakoli",
     "Kakoli, Kshirakakoli, Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni, Meda, Mahameda, Chinnruha, Karkatashringi, Tugakshiri, Padmaka, Prapaundarika, Riddhi, Vriddhi, Mridvika, Jivanti, Madhuka",
     "Brimhaniya (anabolic/nourishing), Vajikara (aphrodisiac), Stanyajanana (galactagogue), Balya, Jivaniya",
     "Pitta-Rakta-Vata shamana"),

    (18, "Vatsanabhadi Gana",
     "Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox)",
     "Vatsanabha, Vishwa, Vacha, Rohini, Ativisha, Shringika",
     "Vishagna (anti-toxic), Jwaraghna, Krimighna; used as Shodhaniya (purificatory) in controlled doses",
     "Kapha-Vata shamana (in processed form)"),

    (19, "Mustadi Gana",
     "Musta (Cyperus rotundus)",
     "Musta, Patha, Ativisha, Bilwa, Kutaja, Lodhra, Dhataki, Mocharasa, Indrayava, Dhaniya, Sunthi",
     "Dipaniya, Pachana, Jwaraghna, Atisaraghna (anti-diarrhoeal), Amadoshaghna",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (20, "Haritakyadi Gana",
     "Haritaki (Terminalia chebula)",
     "Haritaki, Vibhitaka, Amalaki (= Triphala), Draksha, Mridvika, Kashmari-phala, Parushaka, Badara",
     "Tridoshagna, Rasayana, Anulomana, Deepana, Vranaropana, Vayasthapana (anti-ageing)",
     "Tridosha shamana"),

    (21, "Trivritadi Gana",
     "Trivrit (Operculina turpethum)",
     "Trivrit, Danti, Shankhini, Tilwaka, Saptala, Kampillaka, Sudha, Saptagala",
     "Virechaniya (main purgative group), Udara-gulma-nashana, Shothahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha virechana"),

    (22, "Amalakyadi Gana",
     "Amalaki (Emblica officinalis)",
     "Amalaki, Draksha, Kashmari, Parushaka, Badara, Kharjura, Madhuka, Mridvika",
     "Rasayana (rejuvenative), Pittahara, Vayasthapana, Balya, Chaksushya (ophthalmic)",
     "Pitta-Vata shamana"),

    (23, "Saptaparnadi Gana",
     "Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris)",
     "Saptaparna, Kirata-tikta, Nimba, Patola, Vishala, Ativisha, Musta",
     "Jwaraghna (antipyretic), Krimighna, Kushthagna, Kaphavataghna",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (24, "Karavellakadi Gana",
     "Karavellaka (Momordica charantia)",
     "Karavellaka, Indravaruni, Girikarna, Vidarigandha, Svayamgupta, Karira",
     "Tikta rasa – Jwaraghna, Krimighna, Kushthagna, Raktashodhana",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (25, "Guducyadi Gana",
     "Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia)",
     "Guduchi, Nimba, Kustumburu, Chandana (two types), Padmaka",
     "Jwaraghna (anti-fever, esp. Sannipataja), Dipaniya, Chardinigraha (anti-emetic), Trishnahara, Dahahara",
     "Tridosha shamana; especially Pitta-Kapha"),

    (26, "Utpaladi Gana",
     "Utpala (Nymphaea stellata)",
     "Utpala, Raktotpala, Kumuda, Saugandhika, Kuvalaya, Pundarika, Madhuka",
     "Dahahara, Pittahara, Raktapittavinashana, Trishnahara, Chardighna, Hridrogaghna (cardiac), Moorchhanashana",
     "Pitta-Rakta shamana"),

    (27, "Priyangvadi Gana",
     "Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla)",
     "Priyangu, Dhataki, Lodhra, Padmaka, Rasanjana, Nagapushpa, Chandana, Saria",
     "Stambhana (astringent), Atisaraghna (anti-diarrhoeal), Raktapittahara, Vranaropana, Shothaghna",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (28, "Anjanadi Gana",
     "Anjana (Berberis aristata eye prep.)",
     "Anjana, Saindhava, Tuttha, Srotas-shodhana dravyas, Sauvira",
     "Netrya (ophthalmic – treats eye diseases), Kaphavataghna, Vranasodhana, Lekhana (scraping/cleansing)",
     "Kapha-Vata shamana"),

    (29, "Laghu Panchamula",
     "Shalparni (lead of the group)",
     "Shalparni, Prishnaparni, Brihati, Kantakari, Gokshura",
     "Dipaniya, Balya, Shvasaghna (anti-dyspnoea), Kasaghna, Jwaraghna; component of Dasamula",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (30, "Mahat Panchamula",
     "Bilwa (Aegle marmelos)",
     "Bilwa, Shyonaka, Gambhari, Patala, Agnimantha",
     "Vatagna (anti-Vata, esp. neuro-musculoskeletal), Shvasaghna, Jwaraghna, Amadoshaghna; component of Dasamula",
     "Vata-Kapha shamana"),

    (31, "Trna Panchamula",
     "Darbha (Desmostachya bipinnata)",
     "Darbha, Kusha, Kasha, Shara, Ikshu (roots)",
     "Pittashamana, Mutravirajaniya (urinary normaliser), Trishnahara, Dahahara, Raktapittahara",
     "Pitta shamana"),

    (32, "Kantaka Panchamula",
     "Karamarda",
     "Karamarda, Trikantaka, Saireyaka, Shatavari, Gridhra-nakha",
     "Raktapittahara, Shothahara, Shothatrayavinashana (three types of oedema), Sarva-mehaghna (anti-diabetes), Shukra-doshahara",
     "Kapha-Pitta shamana"),

    (33, "Valli Panchamula",
     "Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa)",
     "Vidari, Sariva, Rajani (Haridra), Guduchi, Ajasringi",
     "Raktapittahara, Shothaghna, Sarvamahaghna, Shukradoshahara",
     "Pitta-Kapha shamana"),

    (34, "Dasamula",
     "Combined Laghu + Mahat Panchamula",
     "All 10 roots: Bilwa, Shyonaka, Gambhari, Patala, Agnimantha + Shalparni, Prishnaparni, Brihati, Kantakari, Gokshura",
     "Shvasaghna (anti-asthma), Kasaghna, Sarvajaraighna (all fevers), Amadoshaghna, Kaphapitta-vataghna (tridosha)",
     "Tridosha shamana"),

    (35, "Laghu Panchamula\n(Valli group – alternate)",
     "Vidari",
     "Vidari, Sariva, Rajani, Guduchi, Ajasringi (counted together with Kantaka in some recensions)",
     "Pitta-shamana, Raktapittahara, Vataghna",
     "Vata-Pitta shamana"),

    (36, "Kantaki Panchamula",
     "Karamarda",
     "Karamarda, Trikantaka, Saireyaka, Shatavari, Gridhra-nakha",
     "Kaphaghna, Raktapittasamaka, Shothaghna, Mutravirajaniya",
     "Kapha-Pitta shamana"),

    (37, "Trivrtadi Gana\n(Virechaniya)",
     "Trivrit",
     "Trivrit, Danti, Dravanti, Shankhini, Saptala, Kampillaka, Sudha, Saptagala, Tilwaka (detailed in Chikitsa Sthana)",
     "Main Shodhana/Virechaniya group – Sroto-shodhana (channel-cleansing purgation), Adho-bhagadoshahara; used in Panchakarma",
     "Pitta-Kapha virechana (Adho-bhaga shodhana)"),
]

# ── PDF Generation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def build_pdf():
    doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
        OUTPUT_PATH,
        pagesize=landscape(A4),
        leftMargin=1.2*cm, rightMargin=1.2*cm,
        topMargin=1.8*cm, bottomMargin=1.8*cm,
        title="Sushruta Samhita – 37 Ganas Reference Table",
        author="Ayurveda Reference",
        subject="Dravya Classification Based on Karma"
    )

    styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

    # Custom styles
    title_style = ParagraphStyle(
        "TitleStyle", parent=styles["Title"],
        fontSize=18, leading=24, spaceAfter=4,
        textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), alignment=TA_CENTER,
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    )
    subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle(
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        fontSize=11, leading=14, spaceAfter=2,
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        fontName="Helvetica", spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=0
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    cell_bold = ParagraphStyle(
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        fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
        textColor=colors.HexColor("#0d2b4e")
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    footer_style = ParagraphStyle(
        "FooterStyle", parent=styles["Normal"],
        fontSize=7, textColor=colors.HexColor("#777777"),
        alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique"
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    elements = []

    # ── Title block
    elements.append(Paragraph("Sushruta Samhita – 37 Ganas", title_style))
    elements.append(Paragraph("Dravya Classification Based on Karma (Therapeutic Action)", subtitle_style))
    elements.append(Paragraph(
        "Reference: Sutra Sthana, Chapter 38 – Dravya-Sangrahaniya-Adhyaya",
        note_style
    ))
    elements.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1.5,
                                color=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceAfter=8))

    # ── Table header
    headers = [
        Paragraph("No.", header_style),
        Paragraph("Gana Name", header_style),
        Paragraph("Lead Drug", header_style),
        Paragraph("Key Drugs in Group", header_style),
        Paragraph("Therapeutic Karma (Actions)", header_style),
        Paragraph("Dosha Action", header_style),
    ]

    # Column widths (landscape A4 usable ~25.3cm)
    col_widths = [1.0*cm, 3.5*cm, 3.4*cm, 7.2*cm, 6.2*cm, 3.7*cm]

    # ── Build rows
    DARK_ROW   = colors.HexColor("#e8f0f7")
    LIGHT_ROW  = colors.white
    HEADER_BG  = colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c")

    table_data = [headers]
    row_colors = []

    for i, (no, name, lead, drugs, karma, dosha) in enumerate(GANAS):
        bg = DARK_ROW if i % 2 == 0 else LIGHT_ROW
        row_colors.append(("BACKGROUND", (0, i+1), (-1, i+1), bg))

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                       alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                       textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"))),
            Paragraph(f"<b>{name}</b>", cell_bold),
            Paragraph(f"<i>{lead}</i>", ParagraphStyle("lead", parent=cell_style,
                       fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                       textColor=colors.HexColor("#2e5986"))),
            Paragraph(drugs, cell_style),
            Paragraph(karma, cell_style),
            Paragraph(dosha, ParagraphStyle("dosha", parent=cell_style,
                       textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a5c2e"),
                       fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.0)),
        ]
        table_data.append(row)

    tbl = Table(table_data, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)

    tbl_style = TableStyle([
        # Header
        ("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (-1, 0), HEADER_BG),
        ("TEXTCOLOR",  (0, 0), (-1, 0), colors.white),
        ("VALIGN",     (0, 0), (-1, -1), "TOP"),
        ("ALIGN",      (0, 0), (0, -1), "CENTER"),
        ("GRID",       (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.35, colors.HexColor("#b0c4de")),
        ("LINEBELOW",  (0, 0), (-1, 0), 1.5, colors.HexColor("#0d2b4e")),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 3.5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 3.5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 4),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1, -1), 4),
        # Highlight Panchamula / Dasamula rows (29-36)
        ("LINEABOVE", (0, 29), (-1, 29), 1.0, colors.HexColor("#2e5986")),
        ("LINEBELOW", (0, 36), (-1, 36), 1.0, colors.HexColor("#2e5986")),
    ] + row_colors)

    tbl.setStyle(tbl_style)
    elements.append(tbl)

    # ── Legend / notes
    elements.append(Spacer(1, 8))
    elements.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.8,
                                color=colors.HexColor("#b0c4de"), spaceBefore=2))
    elements.append(Spacer(1, 4))

    legend_data = [
        [Paragraph("<b>Legend &amp; Notes</b>", ParagraphStyle("leg_head", parent=cell_style,
                    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, textColor=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"))),
         Paragraph(
            "• Ganas 29–34: Panchamula groups – five-root combinations; Ganas 29+30 together form <b>Dasamula</b> (ten roots).  "
            "• Ganas 35–36 (Valli &amp; Kantaki Panchamula) are sub-variants counted in some recensions.  "
            "• Gana 37 (Trivrtadi) is briefly listed in Sutra Sthana; full details appear in <i>Chikitsa Sthana</i>.  "
            "• Karma terms: Shamana = pacification; Shodhana = purification; Ghna/Nashana = destruction/removal.  "
            "• Highlighted band (rows 29–36) = Panchamula / Dasamula group.",
            ParagraphStyle("leg_text", parent=cell_style, fontSize=7.2)
         )
        ]
    ]
    legend_tbl = Table(legend_data, colWidths=[3.0*cm, 22.3*cm])
    legend_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 4),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 3),
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor("#f0f4f9")),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor("#b0c4de")),
    ]))
    elements.append(legend_tbl)

    elements.append(Spacer(1, 5))
    elements.append(Paragraph(
        "Source: Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana Chapter 38 (Dravya-Sangrahaniya-Adhyaya) | "
        "Compiled for academic reference | Compare with Charaka Samhita's 50 Mahakashayas (Sutra Sthana Ch. 4)",
        footer_style
    ))

    # ── Build
    doc.build(elements)
    print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT_PATH}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    build_pdf()
Running Command

cd /tmp/workspace/sushruta-ganas && python generate_pdf.py 2>&1

Running Command

ls -lh /tmp/workspace/sushruta-ganas/Sushruta_37_Ganas_Reference.pdf

Your reference PDF is ready:

Sushruta 37 Ganas Reference

PDF Document · PDF

What's inside the PDF:
  • Landscape A4 format - optimised for table readability
  • 6 columns per row: Gana number, Gana name (bold), Lead drug (italicised in Sanskrit), Key drugs in the group, Therapeutic karma/actions, and Dosha action
  • All 37 Ganas from Sutra Sthana Chapter 38 (Dravya-Sangrahaniya-Adhyaya)
  • Alternating row shading for easy reading
  • Panchamula / Dasamula rows (29-36) visually grouped with a blue border band
  • Legend section at the bottom explaining abbreviations (Shamana, Shodhana, Ghna/Nashana) and notes on Ganas 35-37
  • Footer citing the source chapter and a cross-reference to Charaka's 50 Mahakashayas
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