Beveling meaning
Beveling means cutting or shaping an edge or surface at an angle other than 90 degrees (a right angle). The result is a sloped or angled edge called a bevel.
Common contexts:
- Woodworking / Carpentry - cutting a board's edge at an angle (e.g., 45°) so two pieces meet cleanly, like in a picture frame.
- Metalworking / Welding - angling the edges of metal plates before welding to create a groove that allows better weld penetration.
- Glasswork - grinding the edges of glass at an angle to create decorative, light-refracting borders (like in beveled mirrors).
- Graphic design / UI - a visual effect that makes flat shapes look raised or 3D by adding lighter and darker edge highlights.
- Gemstone cutting - shaping facets on a gem at specific angles to maximize light reflection.
- Construction - angling the edge of a surface (like a window sill) so water runs off rather than pooling.
Key distinction:
- A bevel is angled relative to the face of the material.
- A chamfer is similar but typically refers to a flat cut specifically at 45°, while bevel is the broader term for any angled edge.
In short: beveling = removing the sharpness of a 90° edge by cutting it at an angle.
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D and p means
This appears to be a legal studies notes page (likely from the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita / BNS or Indian Penal Code). The notes show section numbers with [D & P] or (D & P) written next to them.
In this legal context:
- D = Definition (the section defines the offence)
- P = Punishment (the section prescribes the punishment)
So [D & P] means that both the definition of the offence AND its punishment are given within the same section.
From your notes:
| Section | Offence | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 75 | Sexual Harassment | [D & P] |
| 76 | Disrobing a female | (D & P) |
| 77 | Voyeurism (private thing of female, bathing, etc.) | [D & P] |
| 78 | Stalking | [D & P] |
| 80 | Dowry Death | (P) only |
| 88 | Causing Miscarriage | (P) only |
| 89 | Causing Miscarriage | (P) only |
Where only (P) appears (like sections 80, 88, 89), it means that section only contains the punishment, and the definition is given elsewhere (in a separate section).
100 to 115
Searching the Web
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita BNS sections 100 to 115 offences definition punishment
Here are BNS Sections 100 to 115 with D & P indicators, under Chapter VI - Offences Affecting the Human Body:
Of Offences Affecting Life
| Section | Offence | D & P |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | Culpable Homicide | (D) - Definition only |
| 101 | Murder | (D) - Definition only |
| 102 | Culpable homicide causing death of unintended person | (D) |
| 103 | Punishment for Murder | (P) - Punishment only (Death or Life imprisonment) |
| 104 | Punishment for Murder by Life-Convict | (P) - Death penalty |
| 105 | Punishment for Culpable Homicide not amounting to Murder | (P) - Up to Life imprisonment |
| 106 | Causing Death by Negligence | (D & P) - Up to 5 years + fine |
| 107 | Abetment of Suicide of Child or Person of Unsound Mind | (D & P) |
| 108 | Abetment of Suicide | (D & P) - Up to 10 years + fine |
| 109 | Attempt to Murder | (D & P) - Up to 10 years + fine |
| 110 | Attempt to Commit Culpable Homicide | (D & P) - Up to 3 years |
| 111 | Organised Crime | (D & P) |
| 112 | Petty Organised Crime | (D & P) |
| 113 | Terrorist Act | (D & P) |
Of Hurt
| Section | Offence | D & P |
|---|---|---|
| 114 | Hurt | (D) - Definition only (bodily pain, disease, infirmity) |
| 115 | Voluntarily Causing Hurt | (D & P) - Up to 1 year OR ₹10,000 fine OR both |
Key takeaway for your notes:
- Sections 100-102 = Definitions only (D)
- Sections 103-105 = Punishment only (P)
- Sections 106 onwards = mostly D & P together
- Section 114 = Definition of "Hurt" only
- Section 115 = D & P (voluntarily causing hurt)
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