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Give me the references for the thesis topic on 'diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detection of histopathological extra nodal extension'

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"extranodal extension" AND MRI AND head neck

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"extranodal extension" AND MRI

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MRI diagnostic accuracy extranodal extension head and neck squamous cell carcinoma systematic review meta analysis

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"extranodal extension" AND magnetic resonance imaging AND "head neck neoplasms"

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"extracapsular spread" AND MRI AND "head neck"

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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11047869

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PMID: 33493691

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PMID: 32949282

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PMID: 38672539

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PMID: 26711248

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PMID: 23523347

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PMID: 18403554

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PMID: 26228885

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PMID: 38936388

Below is a focused Vancouver-style reference list for a thesis on “Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting histopathological extranodal extension (ENE)”, assuming head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and histopathology after neck dissection as the reference standard.

Core references

  1. Abdel-Halim CN, Rosenberg T, Dyrvig AK, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Sørensen JA, Rohde M. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities in detection of histopathological extranodal extension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncology. 2021;114:105169. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105169.
  2. Park SI, Guenette JP, Suh CH, Hanna GJ, Chung SR, Baek JH. The diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for detecting extranodal extension in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. European Radiology. 2021;31(4):2048-2061. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07281-y.
  3. Mair M, Singhavi H, Pai A, Khan M, Conboy P, Olaleye O. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 studies predicting diagnostic accuracy of CT, MRI, PET, and USG in detecting extracapsular spread in head and neck cancers. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(8):1457. doi:10.3390/cancers16081457.
  4. Su Z, Duan Z, Pan W, Wu C, Jia Y, Han B. Predicting extracapsular spread of head and neck cancers using different imaging techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016;45(4):413-421. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2015.11.021.
  5. Kimura Y, Sumi M, Sakihama N, Tanaka F, Takahashi H, Nakamura T. MR imaging criteria for the prediction of extranodal spread of metastatic cancer in the neck. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2008;29(7):1355-1359. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1088.
  6. Lodder WL, Lange CAH, van Velthuysen MLF, Hauptmann M, Balm AJM, van den Brekel MWM. Can extranodal spread in head and neck cancer be detected on MR imaging?. Oral Oncology. 2013;49(6):626-630. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.02.010.

Useful supporting primary studies

  1. Aiken AH, Poliashenko S, Beitler JJ, Chen AY, Baugnon KL, Corey AS. Accuracy of preoperative imaging in detecting nodal extracapsular spread in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2015;36(9):1776-1781. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4372.
  2. Url C, Schartinger VH, Riechelmann H, et al. Radiological detection of extracapsular spread in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cervical metastases. European Journal of Radiology. 2013;82(10):1783-1787.
  3. Shaw RJ, Lowe D, Woolgar JA, et al. Extracapsular spread in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head & Neck. 2010;32(6):714-722. doi:10.1002/hed.21244.
  4. Steinkamp HJ, Beck A, Werk M, et al. Extracapsular spread of cervical lymph node metastases: diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging. Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin. 2002;174(1):50-55. doi:10.1055/s-2002-19533.
  5. Lorusso G, Maggialetti N, Laugello F, et al. Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance sequences in staging lymph node involvement and extranodal extension in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnostics. 2025;15(10):1251. doi:10.3390/diagnostics15101251.

Definitions, reporting criteria, and discussion

  1. Henson C, Abou-Foul AK, Yu E, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of extranodal extension detected on radiological imaging in head and neck cancer: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations. The Lancet Oncology. 2024;25(6):e276-e286. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00066-4.
  2. Abou-Foul AK, Henson CC, Chernock RD, et al. Standardised definitions and diagnostic criteria for extranodal extension detected on histopathological examination in head and neck cancer: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations. The Lancet Oncology. 2024;25(6):e264-e275. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00143-8.
  3. Hiyama T, Kuno H, Nagaki T, et al. Extra-nodal extension in head and neck cancer: how radiologists can help staging and treatment planning. Japanese Journal of Radiology. 2020;38(10):915-929. doi:10.1007/s11604-020-00929-1.
  4. Abdel-Halim CN, Rosenberg T, Larsen SR, et al. Histopathological definitions of extranodal extension: a systematic review. Head and Neck Pathology. 2021;15(2):599-607. doi:10.1007/s12105-020-01221-4.
For the literature-review section, the most important references are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, and 13. The meta-analyses report variable MRI performance because of differences in MRI protocols, radiologic ENE criteria, tumour subsites, and the threshold used for pathological ENE.
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