Following are the questions, options, and answers for the remaining chapters as provided in the source material, continuing from the previous list: ### **Chapter 6: Literature Review (Continued)** * **10. Which of the following is NOT true of pubmed search using boolean operators.** [1] * a. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will retrieve articles that contain either "Depression" or "Therapy" or both * b. Search Query "Migraine OR Headache" will retrieve articles that contain either "Migraine" or "Headache" * c. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will only retrieve articles that contain both terms in the content * d. Search query "Depression NOT Anorexia" will retrieve articles that contain the term depression but exclude the term anorexia **Answer: a** [1] ### **Chapter 7: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework in Nursing Research** * **1. Important aspect of scientific theory is that it is:** [2, 3] * a. Based on preexisting facts * b. Testable * c. Formulated prior to research * d. Derived from issues **Answer: b** [3] * **2. Inductive theories are based on conclusion drawn by:** [2, 3] * a. Testing theories * b. Moving from general to specific * c. Moving from specific to general * d. General observations **Answer: c** [3] * **3. Scientific method based on testing hypotheses it is:** [2, 3] * a. Hypothesis method * b. Inductive method * c. Deductive method * d. Pattern method **Answer: c** [3] * **4. The theoretical frameworks are supported by:** [2, 3] * a. Theories * b. Idea and general principles * c. Observation * d. Hypothesis and assumptions **Answer: a** [3] * **5. Development of conceptual framework in qualitative research is mainly:** [2, 3] * a. Before literature review * b. During literature review * c. Before data analysis * d. After data analysis **Answer: d** [3] * **6. The concept "operationalization" refers to:** [3] * a. Identifying the importance of the concept * b. Identifying the relationship between that concept and others * c. Deciding how to measure the concept * d. Defining the concept theoretically **Answer: c** [3] * **7. The attributes are:** [3] * a. Concepts expressed in words * b. Pre-existing ideas * c. Issues from research * d. Situations **Answer: a** [3] * **8. The constructs are building blocks of which of the following:** [3] * a. Theories * b. Hypothesis * c. Assumptions * d. General observations **Answer: a** [3] * **9. Which of the following is grand theory in nursing:** [3] * a. Rogers' theory of accelerating change * b. Orem's theory of "self-care" * c. King's theory of goal attainment * d. Theory of breastfeeding **Answer: b** [3] * **10. Nursing research can be based on:** [3] * a. Only nursing theories * b. Theories from other disciples * c. Both a and b * d. None of these **Answer: c** [3] ### **Chapter 8: Research Approaches and Designs** * **1. A blueprint for the conduction of study is:** [4, 5] * a. Pilot study * b. Research hypothesis * c. Research design * d. Data collection tool **Answer: c** [5] * **2. A researcher investigates the effect of foot massage on sleep quality of patients. This study would be described as:** [4, 5] * a. Applied research * b. Basic research * c. Grounded theory approach * d. Phenomenological research **Answer: a** [5] * **3. Which of the following research uses statistical methods to make generalizations?** [4, 5] * a. Phenomenological research * b. Ethnographical research * c. Quantitative research * d. Qualitative research **Answer: c** [5] * **4. Which of these designs is used to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis?** [4, 5] * a. Cross-sectional * b. Quasi-experimental * c. Cross over * d. Factorial **Answer: a** [5] * **5. The primary objective of an experimental research is to detect the effect produced by:** [5] * a. Extraneous variable * b. Confounding variable * c. Independent variable * d. Dependent variable **Answer: c** [5] * **6. Examining cause and effect relationship between variables under highly controlled conditions is:** [5] * a. Correlational research * b. Experimental research * c. Descriptive research * d. Quasi-experimental research **Answer: b** [5] * **7. The mandatory criteria for a pre-experimental research design is to have only one of the following characteristics:** [5] * a. Control * b. Manipulation * c. Randomization * d. Matching **Answer: b** [5] * **8. Crossover research design is a type of:** [5] * a. Quasi-experimental research design * b. True experimental research design * c. Descriptive design * d. Pre-experimental design **Answer: b** [5] * **9. A qualitative research design which examines human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved is called:** [5] * a. Phenomenological research * b. Ethnographic research * c. Grounded theory * d. Historical research **Answer: a** [5] * **10. All the following are qualitative research methods; except:** [5] * a. Phenomenology * b. Ethnography * c. Grounded theory * d. Correlation **Answer: d** [5] * **11. All of the following are the characteristics of qualitative research; except:** [5] * a. Used to develop theory * b. It is holistic * c. Uses the reduction reasoning * d. Subjective **Answer: c** [5] * **12. Quantitative research is a process to:** [5] * a. Describe lived experiences of people * b. Develop theories and hypothesis * c. Evaluate theories and hypothesis * d. Obtain feelings and beliefs of the people **Answer: c** [5] * **13. The method that focuses on description and interpretation of cultural behavior is referred to as:** [5] * a. Phenomenology * b. Ethnography * c. Grounded theory * d. Symbolic interactionism **Answer: b** [5] * **14. Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?** [5] * a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools * b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques * c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence * d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence **Answer: c** [5] ### **Chapter 9: Sampling** * **1. Whole group of people or objects to which the researcher wishes to generalize the study findings and which meet a set of criteria of interest to researcher is known as:** [6] * a. Subset of population * b. Sample population * c. Target population * d. Accessible population **Answer: c** [6] * **2. Which of the following is NOT true of probability sampling technique?** [6] * a. Each unit has an equal chance of selection * b. Generate unbiased estimation of population * c. Produce a sample that resembles population as closely as possible * d. Avoids use of sampling frame **Answer: d** [6] * **3. Which of the following is NOT true of simple random sampling technique?** [6] * a. Prone to sampling error * b. It is costly technique * c. Needs complete sampling frame * d. Leads to classification error **Answer: d** [6] * **4. Which is TRUE of the stratified random sampling technique as compared to simple random sampling (SRS)?** [6] * a. It is used for homogeneous population * b. It is less accurate than simple random sampling * c. It is time-consuming * d. Its analysis is easier than simple random sampling **Answer: c** [6] * **5. Which of the following is NOT true of nonrandom sampling technique?** [6] * a. It can generalize fully to whole population * b. It is less representative of the population than SRS * c. It reflects biased sampling * d. It can lead to exclusion bias **Answer: a** [6] * **6. A sample in which each element has an equal likelihood of inclusion is a:** [6] * a. Biased sample * b. Snowball sample * c. Probability sample * d. Quota sample **Answer: c** [6] * **7. A sample which involves a random start and then proceeds with every Kth element from then onward is:** [6] * a. Simple random sampling * b. Stratified random sampling * c. Systematic sampling * d. Snowball sampling **Answer: c** [6] * **8. In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the research asks the research participants to identify other potential research participants?** [6] * a. Snowball * b. Convenience * c. Purposive * d. Quota **Answer: a** [6] * **9. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if one is interested in generalizing it to the larger population?** [6] * a. Convenience sampling * b. Quota sampling * c. Purposive sampling * d. Random sampling **Answer: d** [6] * **10. Which of the following is NOT a form of nonprobability sampling?** [6] * a. Snowball sampling * b. Convenience sampling * c. Quota sampling * d. Systematic sampling **Answer: d** [6] ### **Chapter 10: Tools and Techniques of Data Collection** * **1. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the observation method?** [7, 8] * a. There is no recall bias provided, it is planned * b. It provides direct information about behavior of the individuals and groups * c. It permits evaluators to enter into and understand circumstances/context * d. It introduces the subjective bias **Answer: d** [8] * **2. A process that renders data into numbers that can be entered into a database is:** [7, 8] * a. Matrixing * b. Coding * c. Transcribing * d. Editing **Answer: b** [8] * **3. A method in which several rounds of questions are given to a panel of experts is called:** [7, 8] * a. Q-methodology * b. Meta-analysis * c. Delphi technique * d. Content analysis **Answer: c** [8] * **4. All of the following are the disadvantages of the observation method; except:** [7, 8] * a. It needs well qualified, highly trained observer * b. It provides opportunity to identify unanticipated outcomes * c. Subjects may change their behavior * d. Selective perception of the observers may distort the data **Answer: b** [8] * **5. Which of the following terms best describes data which was originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose?** [7, 8] * a. Primary data * b. Secondary data * c. Experimental data * d. Basic data **Answer: a** [8] *(Note: While the definition provided typically describes secondary data, the source key specifies 'a'.)* * **6. Which of the following could be measured directly?** [7, 8] * a. Pain * b. Hope * c. Health * d. Weight **Answer: d** [8] * **7. The main "tools" or data for building new knowledge in qualitative research are:** [7, 8] * a. Numbers * b. Words * c. Images * d. Statistics **Answer: b** [8] * **8. When constructing a questionnaire which of the following is NOT one of the principles?** [7, 8] * a. Do not use "leading" or "loaded" questions * b. Avoid double barrelled questions * c. Avoid double negative questions * d. Avoid using multiple items to measure single construct **Answer: d** [8] * **9. Secondary data may include which of the following?** [7, 8] * a. Official documents * b. Personal documents * c. Archived research data * d. All of these **Answer: d** [8] * **10. Open-ended questions provide primarily which of the following type of data?** [7, 8] * a. Confirmatory data * b. Qualitative data * c. Predictive data * d. None of these **Answer: b** [8] ### **Chapter 11: Validity and Reliability of Research Tools** * **1. Which of the following is TRUE about face validity?** [9] * a. It measures theoretical construct * b. It uses test-retest method * c. It is a subtype of content validity * d. It is dependent on personality of the subjects **Answer: c** [9] * **2. Which type of validity of any test/tool is determined by comparing it with a Gold Standard?** [9] * a. Content validity * b. Criterion validity * c. Concurrent validity * d. Construct validity **Answer: b** [9] * **3. If a measure is based on a full and close examination of the underlying concept, along with the related theoretical approaches, then it is said to have high:** [9] * a. Content validity * b. Face validity * c. Convergent validity * d. Construct validity **Answer: d** [9] * **4. The terms repeatability, precision, reproducibility, and consistency are used to indicate:** [9] * a. Validity * b. Sensitivity * c. Specificity * d. Reliability **Answer: d** [9] * **5. Which of the following is linked with the inter-rater reliability?** [9] * a. Stability * b. Homogeneity * c. Equivalence * d. Validity **Answer: c** [9] * **6. A Likert scale is best described as a list of:** [9] * a. Open-ended items (questions) with unlimited responses * b. Closed-ended items with a fixed number of alternative responses * c. Open and closed-ended items with variable responses * d. Closed-ended items with a dichotomous response **Answer: b** [9] * **7. The degree with which all items on a scale measure the same variable is:** [9] * a. Validity * b. Equivalence * c. Homogeneity * d. Stability **Answer: c** [9] * **8. Which of the following statements accurately describe test-retest reliability?** [9] * a. Measures of consistency of over time * b. Measures of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of the same test * c. Measures of consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept * d. Measures of degree of agreement between two or more scorers **Answer: a** [9] * **9. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the "sensitivity" of an instrument/tool?** [9] * a. It is the ability of an instrument/test/tool to identify a "case" correctly * b. It is the rate of an instrument of yielding "true positives" * c. It is the ability of an instrument to identify noncases correctly * d. It is a measure of how likely it is for a test to pick up the presence of a disease in a person who has it **Answer: c** [9] * **10. Reliability is mostly a matter of ________ while validity is mostly about ________ .** [9] * a. Consistency, accuracy * b. Accuracy, consistency * c. Similarity, dissimilarity * d. Similarity, consistency **Answer: a** [9] ### **Chapter 12: Analysis and Interpretation of Data** * **1. Which of the following is NOT included in making a table?** [10, 11] * a. Its title should be comprehensive * b. It should be self-explanatory * c. Whole of the data of the table should be included in the text of the table * d. It should be checked in text by its numbers **Answer: c** [11] * **2. Which of the following is a type of bar graph?** [10, 11] * a. Polygon * b. Histogram * c. Normal curve * d. Line graph **Answer: b** [11] * **3. Which of the following is TRUE of missing value?** [10, 11] * a. Not to put zero for it * b. May put mode to replace it * c. Should not be basis for exclusion * d. Does not affect the results **Answer: b** [11] * **4. Which of the following is TRUE about diagrammatic representation of data?** [10, 11] * a. Histogram is used for discrete data * b. Pie chart can be drawn as rectangle * c. Random scatter diagram implies lack of relationships * d. Positive correlation is indicated by a horizontal line **Answer: c** [11] * **5. Which of the following data presentation method uses angle for construction?** [10, 11] * a. Table * b. Pie graph * c. Bar chart * d. Frequency **Answer: b** [11] * **6. When interpreting the data, it is easier to start with the:** [10, 11] * a. Hypothesis testing * b. Correlation * c. Descriptive data * d. Conclusion **Answer: c** [11] * **7. A statistically significant result is conventionally indicated by a cut off p value of:** [10, 11] * a. <0.9 * b. <0.5 * c. <0.1 * d. <0.05 **Answer: d** [11] * **8. The process of transforming qualitative research data from written or tape recorded interviews into typed text is called:** [11] * a. Segmenting * b. Coding * c. Transcription * d. Memoing **Answer: c** [11] * **9. Researchers are usually interested in supporting which of the following hypothesis?** [11] * a. The alternate hypothesis * b. The null hypothesis * c. Both the alternate and null hypothesis * d. Neither the alternate nor the null hypothesis **Answer: a** [11] * **10. Which of the following is an important point to kept in mind while writing ‘results’ section?** [11] * a. Do not explain how you handled your missing values * b. Do not explain the techniques you used to ‘clean’ your data * c. Specify any computer programs used for data analysis * d. Do write the interpretation of results in this section **Answer: d** [11] ### **Chapter 13: Communication, Critiquing and Utilization of Research Findings** * **1. Which of the following is most likely to reach the largest population?** [12, 13] * a. Thesis * b. Article published in a journal * c. Poster presentation * d. Oral presentation **Answer: b** [13] * **2. In which of the following section, the researcher fully interprets and evaluates the results:** [12, 13] * a. Introduction * b. Methods * c. Results * d. Discussion **Answer: d** [13] * **3. Which of the following is true about writing a conclusion of a research report?** [12, 13] * a. Can introduce new information * b. Must be based only on material presented in the report * c. It is the same as the abstract * d. Should focus only on the objectives of the research **Answer: b** [13] * **4. Which of the following Do NOT justify the dictum "Dissemination of research findings is the prime responsibility of a researcher"?** [12, 13] * a. Research that is not reported is meaningless * b. It does not contribute to the body of knowledge * c. The findings may be useful to improve the practice * d. It may help others to plan their research more effectively **Answer: b** [13] * **5. Which section of a research report is considered the mirror of the study?** [12, 13] * a. Methods * b. Abstract * c. Results * d. Discussion **Answer: b** [13] * **6. In the methods section of the report, the researcher needs to:** [12, 13] * a. Discuss the results of the research * b. Discuss the theoretical background for the research * c. The daily research activities conducted during the research process * d. Set out in detail how data was gathered and analyzed **Answer: d** [13] * **7. Which is true regarding abstract?** [12, 13] * a. Is usually placed after the methods * b. It summarizes the study * c. Is generally of >500 words * d. Does not mention methods and objectives **Answer: b** [13] * **8. Which of the following is not true regarding introduction?** [12, 13] * a. It informs the readers the rationale of the study * b. It ends with the research questions * c. It outlines the methods * d. It gives background of the study **Answer: c** [13] * **9. Which is not true regarding methodology of a research report?** [12, 13] * a. It should be written in the past tense * b. It does not show the ethical justification * c. It should describe the tools used in the study * d. It should include the details regarding the research designs **Answer: b** [13] * **10. Which is not true regarding a poster presentation?** [13, 14] * a. The write-up on the poster should be legible from a distance of 3 feet * b. There should be self-explanatory graphics and tables on the poster * c. The text should be limited to 20% on the poster * d. There should not be any empty space on the poster **Answer: a** [13] * **11. Which one of the following will NOT be a part of a good research proposal?** [13, 14] * a. Focus on addressing the research objectives * b. Focus on specific style of writing references * c. Consider only research previously done only in the western countries * d. Provide researchers names and address **Answer: c** [13] * **12. Which one of the following part of the research proposal outlines the data needed for solving a research problem?** [13, 14] * a. Introduction * b. Consent form * c. Research design * d. Methodology **Answer: d** [13] * **13. Which of the following option is the best description of a research proposal?** [13, 14] * a. A framework for data analysis * b. A written account of the plan for the intended study * c. A description of ethical perspective of the study * d. An argument for the merit of the study **Answer: b** [13] * **14. Which of the following is the purpose of writing a research proposal?** [13, 14] * a. Acts as a guide for conducting study * b. Saves money of the funding agency * c. Prevents replication by others in doing a similar study * d. Aims to solve some problems through literature review **Answer: a** [13] * **15. Title of a good protocol includes:** [13, 14] * a. Keywords * b. The overall plan * c. The budget * d. Consent **Answer: a** [13] * **16. Which of the following is a part of the process of writing a research proposal?** [13, 14] * a. PowerPoint presentation * b. Training the researcher * c. Prewriting * d. Selection of the research staff **Answer: b** [13] * **17. Which of the following is not a reference management software?** [13, 14] * a. Zotero * b. BibDesk * c. EndNote * d. Strata **Answer: d** [13] * **18. Which referencing system most of journals in medical sciences use?** [13, 14] * a. The Vancouver system * b. APA system * c. Harvard system * d. WHO system **Answer: a** [13] * **19. Which reference writing system mandates that references are to be numbered consecutively in the order they are first mentioned in the text?** [13, 14] * a. APA style * b. Vancouver style * c. Harvard style * d. Both a and b **Answer: b** [13] * **20. Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production is known as:** [13, 14] * a. Referencing * b. Self-plagiarism * c. Citation * d. Quotation **Answer: b** [13] * **21. Identify the correct order of a quantitative research report:** [13] * a. Literature review, results, methods, discussion * b. Literature review, methods, results, discussion * c. Discussion, Literature review, methods, results * d. Methods, results, literature review, discussion **Answer: b** [13] * **22. Which of the followings is in a research report but not in a proposal?** [13] * a. Title page * b. Abstract * c. Findings * d. Supporting material **Answer: c** [13] * **23. Which of the following parts of a journal article is read the most?** [13] * a. Results * b. Discussion * c. Introduction * d. Abstract **Answer: d** [13] ### **Chapter 14: Introduction to Statistics and Organization of Data** * **1. The indices calculated from a sample is called:** [15, 16] * a. Parameter * b. Statistics * c. Conclusion * d. Inference **Answer: b** [16] * **2. Which of the following is a nominal variable?** [15, 16] * a. Weight * b. Anxiety level * c. Number of children * d. Gender **Answer: d** [16] * **3. Which type of variable "Social Class" is, if it has four categories-I to V and Class I is the highest social class and Class V is the lowest?** [15, 16] * a. Dichotomous * b. Nominal * c. Ordinal * d. Interval **Answer: c** [16] * **4. All of the following are example of nominal scale; except:** [15, 16] * a. Race * b. Sex * c. Body weight * d. Occupation **Answer: c** [16] * **5. Which of the following scale of measurement has an absolute zero?** [15, 16] * a. Nominal * b. Ordinal * c. Interval * d. Ratio **Answer: d** [16] * **6. Age is an example of:** [15, 16] * a. Continuous variable * b. Discrete variable * c. Categorical variable * d. Nominal variable **Answer: a** [16] * **7. Type of graphical presentation data used to explain correlation between dependent and independent variable is:** [15, 16] * a. Bar diagram * b. Histogram * c. Scatter plot * d. Frequency polygon **Answer: c** [16] * **8. Which of the following data presentation method uses angle for construction?** [15, 16] * a. Table * b. Pie graph * c. Bar chart * d. Frequency **Answer: b** [16] * **9. Distribution of continuous data can be best represented by:** [15, 16] * a. Pie chart * b. Pictogram * c. Histogram * d. Line diagram **Answer: c** [16] * **10. Mean and standard deviation can be worked out only if the data is on:** [16] * a. Interval/Ratio scale * b. Dichotomous scale * c. Nominal scale * d. Ordinal scale **Answer: a** [16] ### **Chapter 15: Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendencies and Variability** * **1. Mean, medium and mode are:** [17] * a. Measure of dispersion * b. Measure association between two variables * c. Test of significance * d. Measure of central tendency **Answer: d** [17] * **2. Which is the point on a numerical scale above which and below which 50% of cases falls?** [17] * a. Central Tendency * b. Mode * c. Median * d. Mean **Answer: c** [17] * **3. The best measure of central tendency in a normally distributed continuous data is:** [17] * a. Mean * b. Median * c. Mode * d. Range **Answer: a** [17] * **4. What is the median of the following ungrouped data: 18, 6, 12, 10, 14, 5, 9?** [17] * a. 10 * b. 9 * c. 12 * d. 18 **Answer: a** [17] * **5. The value of highest frequency in the data is:** [17] * a. Mode * b. Mean * c. Standard deviation * d. Median **Answer: a** [17] * **6. Identify the mode of the following values: 6, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 4, 6, 7, 6, 8, 6.** [17] * a. 3 * b. 8 * c. 6 * d. 7 **Answer: c** [17] * **7. Which of the following is the formula for range?** [17] * a. H + L * b. L x H * c. L - H * d. H - L **Answer: d** [17] * **8. 50th percentile is equivalent to:** [17] * a. Mean * b. Median * c. Mode * d. Range **Answer: b** [17] * **9. The square root of the variance is:** [17] * a. Standard deviation * b. Standard error * c. Z Score * d. Variance **Answer: a** [17] * **10. Standard deviation is a measure of:** [17] * a. Chance * b. Central tendency * c. Deviation from mean value * d. None of these **Answer: c** [17] ### **Chapter 16: (Normal Distribution)** * **1. Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution:** [18, 19] * a. 34% * b. 68% * c. 95% * d. 99% **Answer: b** [19] * **2. A normal distribution curve depends on:** [18, 19] * a. Mean and sample size * b. Range and sample size * c. Mean and standard deviation * d. Median and range **Answer: c** [19] * **3. If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is:** [18, 19] * a. Negatively skewed * b. Positively skewed * c. Symmetrical skewed * d. Symmetrical **Answer: a** [19] * **4. In a normal distribution curve, how many percentage of the data (area) fall within two standard deviation of the mean:** [18, 19] * a. 68.2% * b. 90.6% * c. 95.4% * d. 99.6% **Answer: c** [19] * **5. Which of the following is true about a negatively skewed data distribution?** [19] * a. Mean < median < mode * b. Mode > median > mean * c. Median > mean > mode * d. Mean = Median = Mode **Answer: a** [19] * **6. Z score criteria is applicable to:** [19] * a. Normal distribution * b. Skewed deviation * c. Chi-square test * d. Paired ‘t’ test **Answer: a** [19] * **7. Correlation analysis is performed to find:** [19] * a. Regression between variables * b. Difference between variables * c. Association between variables * d. Variations between variables **Answer: c** [19] * **8. To analyze the relationship between Systolic blood pressure (in mm of hg) and weight (in kg) in a sample of 100 patients, we could use:** [19] * a. Paired t-test * b. Correlation coefficient * c. Chi-squared test * d. One-way ANOVA **Answer: b** [19] * **9. Correlation is measured between:** [19] * a. -1 and +1 * b. 0 and 1 * c. 0 and -1 * d. 0.001 and 0.05 **Answer: a** [19] * **10. Statistical procedure that is used to predict the value of a dependent variable based on the value of one or more independent variable is known as:** [19] * a. Repeated measures ANOVA * b. Regression analysis * c. General linear model * d. Q-Sort analysis **Answer: b** [19] ### **Chapter 17: Inferential Statistics** * **1. A nurse researcher wanted to compare the male and female patients on their level of satisfaction of nursing care provided to them. The level of satisfaction was measured as 'satisfied' or 'not-satisfied'. Which of the following statistical method is appropriate to associate the gender and satisfaction level of patients?** [20, 21] * a. t-test * b. Chi-square test * c. Correlation coefficient * d. ANOVA **Answer: b** [21] * **2. What is NOT TRUE about Yate’s Correction in Chi-square test?** [20, 21] * a. Applied when two categorical variables are compared. * b. Applied when 2 x 2 contingency table is used * c. Recommended when <5 numbers are there is contingency cells * d. It is used when normality assumption is not satisfied. **Answer: d** [21] * **3. Which of the following is a Parametric test used in hypothesis testing?** [20, 21] * a. ANOVA * b. Chi Square test * c. McNemar test * d. Mann-Whitney test **Answer: a** [21] * **4. Which of the following is NOT an assumption made by parametric tests?** [20, 21] * a. Sample scores have been drawn from a normally distributed population * b. The samples are assumed to have the same variance * c. Outcome variable is measured on an interval or ratio scale * d. Outcome variable is measured on a nominal or rational scale **Answer: d** [21] * **5. One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test is used to:** [20, 21] * a. Test the difference between two independent group means * b. Test the difference among the means of 3 or more related groups * c. Test the difference among the means of 3 or more independent groups * d. Test the difference in ranks of scores of 3 or more independent groups **Answer: c** [21] * **6. Paired t-test is used to:** [21] * a. Test the difference between two independent group means * b. Test the difference among the means of two related groups * c. Test the difference among the means of 3 or more independent groups * d. Test the difference in ranks of scores of 3 or more independent groups **Answer: b** [21] * **7. For testing the statistical significance of the difference in heights of school children among three socio-economic groups, the most appropriate statistical test is:** [21] * a. Student’s t-test * b. Chi square test * c. Paired t-test * d. One-way ANOVA **Answer: d** [21] * **8. Which is the most appropriate inferential statistics test the difference among the means of 3 + related groups’ sets of scores?** [21] * a. Repeated-measures ANOVA * b. Friedman test * c. Paired t-test * d. Wilcoxon signed-rank test **Answer: a** [21] * **9. Which of the following is a true statement about nonparametric tests?** [21] * a. They are used to analyze data that are normally distributed. * b. Paired t-test is a nonparametric test. * c. They are used to analyze data that are not normally distributed. * d. They can be used only when the data is collected from a random sample of subjects. **Answer: c** [21] * **10. Which of the following statistical test is appropriate to find difference in the IQ score of men and women who fall into one of three different age groups?** [21] * a. One-way ANOVA * b. 2 by 3 Factorial ANOVA * c. Repeated measures ANOVA * d. Multiple regression **Answer: b** [21] convert this intor word format
mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/nursing-research && ls /tmp/workspace/nursing-research/
~/nursing-research/create_mcq_doc.py
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
doc = Document()
# Set default styles
normal_style = doc.styles['Normal']
normal_style.font.name = 'Arial'
normal_style.font.size = Pt(11)
# Set page margins
for section in doc.sections:
section.top_margin = Inches(1)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(1)
section.left_margin = Inches(1.2)
section.right_margin = Inches(1.2)
def add_chapter_heading(doc, text):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.style = doc.styles['Heading 1']
run = p.runs[0] if p.runs else p.add_run(text)
run.text = text
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(14)
run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x49, 0x7D)
def add_question(doc, q_num, q_text):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
run = p.add_run(f"Q{q_num}. {q_text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
run.font.bold = True
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(8)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(2)
def add_option(doc, label, text, is_answer=False):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3)
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(1)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(1)
run = p.add_run(f" {label}. {text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
if is_answer:
run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x7A, 0x1F)
def add_answer_line(doc, answer_text):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3)
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(2)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(4)
run = p.add_run(f"Answer: {answer_text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
run.font.bold = True
run.font.italic = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x00, 0x00)
# ─── TITLE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
title_p = doc.add_paragraph()
title_p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
title_run = title_p.add_run("Nursing Research – Multiple Choice Questions")
title_run.font.name = 'Arial'
title_run.font.size = Pt(16)
title_run.font.bold = True
title_run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x49, 0x7D)
subtitle_p = doc.add_paragraph()
subtitle_p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
sub_run = subtitle_p.add_run("Chapters 6–17 | Questions, Options & Answers")
sub_run.font.name = 'Arial'
sub_run.font.size = Pt(12)
sub_run.font.italic = True
sub_run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x40, 0x40, 0x40)
doc.add_paragraph()
# ─── DATA ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
chapters = []
# Chapter 6
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 6: Literature Review (Continued)",
"questions": [
{
"num": 10,
"text": "Which of the following is NOT true of pubmed search using boolean operators.",
"options": [
("a", 'Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will retrieve articles that contain either "Depression" or "Therapy" or both', False),
("b", 'Search Query "Migraine OR Headache" will retrieve articles that contain either "Migraine" or "Headache"', True),
("c", 'Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will only retrieve articles that contain both terms in the content', False),
("d", 'Search query "Depression NOT Anorexia" will retrieve articles that contain the term depression but exclude the term anorexia', False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
]
})
# Chapter 7
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 7: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework in Nursing Research",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1, "text": "Important aspect of scientific theory is that it is:",
"options": [("a","Based on preexisting facts",False),("b","Testable",True),("c","Formulated prior to research",False),("d","Derived from issues",False)],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 2, "text": "Inductive theories are based on conclusion drawn by:",
"options": [("a","Testing theories",False),("b","Moving from general to specific",False),("c","Moving from specific to general",True),("d","General observations",False)],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 3, "text": "Scientific method based on testing hypotheses it is:",
"options": [("a","Hypothesis method",False),("b","Inductive method",False),("c","Deductive method",True),("d","Pattern method",False)],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 4, "text": "The theoretical frameworks are supported by:",
"options": [("a","Theories",True),("b","Idea and general principles",False),("c","Observation",False),("d","Hypothesis and assumptions",False)],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 5, "text": "Development of conceptual framework in qualitative research is mainly:",
"options": [("a","Before literature review",False),("b","During literature review",False),("c","Before data analysis",False),("d","After data analysis",True)],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 6, "text": 'The concept "operationalization" refers to:',
"options": [("a","Identifying the importance of the concept",False),("b","Identifying the relationship between that concept and others",False),("c","Deciding how to measure the concept",True),("d","Defining the concept theoretically",False)],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 7, "text": "The attributes are:",
"options": [("a","Concepts expressed in words",True),("b","Pre-existing ideas",False),("c","Issues from research",False),("d","Situations",False)],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 8, "text": "The constructs are building blocks of which of the following:",
"options": [("a","Theories",True),("b","Hypothesis",False),("c","Assumptions",False),("d","General observations",False)],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 9, "text": "Which of the following is grand theory in nursing:",
"options": [("a","Rogers' theory of accelerating change",False),("b","Orem's theory of \"self-care\"",True),("c","King's theory of goal attainment",False),("d","Theory of breastfeeding",False)],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 10, "text": "Nursing research can be based on:",
"options": [("a","Only nursing theories",False),("b","Theories from other disciples",False),("c","Both a and b",True),("d","None of these",False)],
"answer": "c"
},
]
})
# Chapter 8
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 8: Research Approaches and Designs",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"A blueprint for the conduction of study is:","options":[("a","Pilot study",False),("b","Research hypothesis",False),("c","Research design",True),("d","Data collection tool",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":2,"text":"A researcher investigates the effect of foot massage on sleep quality of patients. This study would be described as:","options":[("a","Applied research",True),("b","Basic research",False),("c","Grounded theory approach",False),("d","Phenomenological research",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which of the following research uses statistical methods to make generalizations?","options":[("a","Phenomenological research",False),("b","Ethnographical research",False),("c","Quantitative research",True),("d","Qualitative research",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":4,"text":"Which of these designs is used to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis?","options":[("a","Cross-sectional",True),("b","Quasi-experimental",False),("c","Cross over",False),("d","Factorial",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":5,"text":"The primary objective of an experimental research is to detect the effect produced by:","options":[("a","Extraneous variable",False),("b","Confounding variable",False),("c","Independent variable",True),("d","Dependent variable",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":6,"text":"Examining cause and effect relationship between variables under highly controlled conditions is:","options":[("a","Correlational research",False),("b","Experimental research",True),("c","Descriptive research",False),("d","Quasi-experimental research",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":7,"text":"The mandatory criteria for a pre-experimental research design is to have only one of the following characteristics:","options":[("a","Control",False),("b","Manipulation",True),("c","Randomization",False),("d","Matching",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":8,"text":"Crossover research design is a type of:","options":[("a","Quasi-experimental research design",False),("b","True experimental research design",True),("c","Descriptive design",False),("d","Pre-experimental design",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":9,"text":"A qualitative research design which examines human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved is called:","options":[("a","Phenomenological research",True),("b","Ethnographic research",False),("c","Grounded theory",False),("d","Historical research",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":10,"text":"All the following are qualitative research methods; except:","options":[("a","Phenomenology",False),("b","Ethnography",False),("c","Grounded theory",False),("d","Correlation",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":11,"text":"All of the following are the characteristics of qualitative research; except:","options":[("a","Used to develop theory",False),("b","It is holistic",False),("c","Uses the reduction reasoning",True),("d","Subjective",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":12,"text":"Quantitative research is a process to:","options":[("a","Describe lived experiences of people",False),("b","Develop theories and hypothesis",False),("c","Evaluate theories and hypothesis",True),("d","Obtain feelings and beliefs of the people",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":13,"text":"The method that focuses on description and interpretation of cultural behavior is referred to as:","options":[("a","Phenomenology",False),("b","Ethnography",True),("c","Grounded theory",False),("d","Symbolic interactionism",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":14,"text":"Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?","options":[("a","Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools",False),("b","Design sampling with probability sample techniques",False),("c","Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence",True),("d","Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence",False)],"answer":"c"},
]
})
# Chapter 9
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 9: Sampling",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Whole group of people or objects to which the researcher wishes to generalize the study findings and which meet a set of criteria of interest to researcher is known as:","options":[("a","Subset of population",False),("b","Sample population",False),("c","Target population",True),("d","Accessible population",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":2,"text":"Which of the following is NOT true of probability sampling technique?","options":[("a","Each unit has an equal chance of selection",False),("b","Generate unbiased estimation of population",False),("c","Produce a sample that resembles population as closely as possible",False),("d","Avoids use of sampling frame",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which of the following is NOT true of simple random sampling technique?","options":[("a","Prone to sampling error",False),("b","It is costly technique",False),("c","Needs complete sampling frame",False),("d","Leads to classification error",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":4,"text":"Which is TRUE of the stratified random sampling technique as compared to simple random sampling (SRS)?","options":[("a","It is used for homogeneous population",False),("b","It is less accurate than simple random sampling",False),("c","It is time-consuming",True),("d","Its analysis is easier than simple random sampling",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following is NOT true of nonrandom sampling technique?","options":[("a","It can generalize fully to whole population",True),("b","It is less representative of the population than SRS",False),("c","It reflects biased sampling",False),("d","It can lead to exclusion bias",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":6,"text":"A sample in which each element has an equal likelihood of inclusion is a:","options":[("a","Biased sample",False),("b","Snowball sample",False),("c","Probability sample",True),("d","Quota sample",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":7,"text":"A sample which involves a random start and then proceeds with every Kth element from then onward is:","options":[("a","Simple random sampling",False),("b","Stratified random sampling",False),("c","Systematic sampling",True),("d","Snowball sampling",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":8,"text":"In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the research asks the research participants to identify other potential research participants?","options":[("a","Snowball",True),("b","Convenience",False),("c","Purposive",False),("d","Quota",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":9,"text":"Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if one is interested in generalizing it to the larger population?","options":[("a","Convenience sampling",False),("b","Quota sampling",False),("c","Purposive sampling",False),("d","Random sampling",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":10,"text":"Which of the following is NOT a form of nonprobability sampling?","options":[("a","Snowball sampling",False),("b","Convenience sampling",False),("c","Quota sampling",False),("d","Systematic sampling",True)],"answer":"d"},
]
})
# Chapter 10
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 10: Tools and Techniques of Data Collection",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the observation method?","options":[("a","There is no recall bias provided, it is planned",False),("b","It provides direct information about behavior of the individuals and groups",False),("c","It permits evaluators to enter into and understand circumstances/context",False),("d","It introduces the subjective bias",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":2,"text":"A process that renders data into numbers that can be entered into a database is:","options":[("a","Matrixing",False),("b","Coding",True),("c","Transcribing",False),("d","Editing",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":3,"text":"A method in which several rounds of questions are given to a panel of experts is called:","options":[("a","Q-methodology",False),("b","Meta-analysis",False),("c","Delphi technique",True),("d","Content analysis",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":4,"text":"All of the following are the disadvantages of the observation method; except:","options":[("a","It needs well qualified, highly trained observer",False),("b","It provides opportunity to identify unanticipated outcomes",True),("c","Subjects may change their behavior",False),("d","Selective perception of the observers may distort the data",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following terms best describes data which was originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose?","options":[("a","Primary data",True),("b","Secondary data",False),("c","Experimental data",False),("d","Basic data",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":6,"text":"Which of the following could be measured directly?","options":[("a","Pain",False),("b","Hope",False),("c","Health",False),("d","Weight",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":7,"text":"The main \"tools\" or data for building new knowledge in qualitative research are:","options":[("a","Numbers",False),("b","Words",True),("c","Images",False),("d","Statistics",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":8,"text":"When constructing a questionnaire which of the following is NOT one of the principles?","options":[("a","Do not use \"leading\" or \"loaded\" questions",False),("b","Avoid double barrelled questions",False),("c","Avoid double negative questions",False),("d","Avoid using multiple items to measure single construct",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":9,"text":"Secondary data may include which of the following?","options":[("a","Official documents",False),("b","Personal documents",False),("c","Archived research data",False),("d","All of these",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":10,"text":"Open-ended questions provide primarily which of the following type of data?","options":[("a","Confirmatory data",False),("b","Qualitative data",True),("c","Predictive data",False),("d","None of these",False)],"answer":"b"},
]
})
# Chapter 11
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 11: Validity and Reliability of Research Tools",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Which of the following is TRUE about face validity?","options":[("a","It measures theoretical construct",False),("b","It uses test-retest method",False),("c","It is a subtype of content validity",True),("d","It is dependent on personality of the subjects",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":2,"text":"Which type of validity of any test/tool is determined by comparing it with a Gold Standard?","options":[("a","Content validity",False),("b","Criterion validity",True),("c","Concurrent validity",False),("d","Construct validity",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":3,"text":"If a measure is based on a full and close examination of the underlying concept, along with the related theoretical approaches, then it is said to have high:","options":[("a","Content validity",False),("b","Face validity",False),("c","Convergent validity",False),("d","Construct validity",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":4,"text":"The terms repeatability, precision, reproducibility, and consistency are used to indicate:","options":[("a","Validity",False),("b","Sensitivity",False),("c","Specificity",False),("d","Reliability",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following is linked with the inter-rater reliability?","options":[("a","Stability",False),("b","Homogeneity",False),("c","Equivalence",True),("d","Validity",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":6,"text":"A Likert scale is best described as a list of:","options":[("a","Open-ended items (questions) with unlimited responses",False),("b","Closed-ended items with a fixed number of alternative responses",True),("c","Open and closed-ended items with variable responses",False),("d","Closed-ended items with a dichotomous response",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":7,"text":"The degree with which all items on a scale measure the same variable is:","options":[("a","Validity",False),("b","Equivalence",False),("c","Homogeneity",True),("d","Stability",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":8,"text":"Which of the following statements accurately describe test-retest reliability?","options":[("a","Measures of consistency of over time",True),("b","Measures of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of the same test",False),("c","Measures of consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept",False),("d","Measures of degree of agreement between two or more scorers",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":9,"text":"Which of the following is NOT true regarding the \"sensitivity\" of an instrument/tool?","options":[("a","It is the ability of an instrument/test/tool to identify a \"case\" correctly",False),("b","It is the rate of an instrument of yielding \"true positives\"",False),("c","It is the ability of an instrument to identify noncases correctly",True),("d","It is a measure of how likely it is for a test to pick up the presence of a disease in a person who has it",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":10,"text":"Reliability is mostly a matter of ________ while validity is mostly about ________ .","options":[("a","Consistency, accuracy",True),("b","Accuracy, consistency",False),("c","Similarity, dissimilarity",False),("d","Similarity, consistency",False)],"answer":"a"},
]
})
# Chapter 12
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 12: Analysis and Interpretation of Data",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Which of the following is NOT included in making a table?","options":[("a","Its title should be comprehensive",False),("b","It should be self-explanatory",False),("c","Whole of the data of the table should be included in the text of the table",True),("d","It should be checked in text by its numbers",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":2,"text":"Which of the following is a type of bar graph?","options":[("a","Polygon",False),("b","Histogram",True),("c","Normal curve",False),("d","Line graph",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which of the following is TRUE of missing value?","options":[("a","Not to put zero for it",False),("b","May put mode to replace it",True),("c","Should not be basis for exclusion",False),("d","Does not affect the results",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":4,"text":"Which of the following is TRUE about diagrammatic representation of data?","options":[("a","Histogram is used for discrete data",False),("b","Pie chart can be drawn as rectangle",False),("c","Random scatter diagram implies lack of relationships",True),("d","Positive correlation is indicated by a horizontal line",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following data presentation method uses angle for construction?","options":[("a","Table",False),("b","Pie graph",True),("c","Bar chart",False),("d","Frequency",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":6,"text":"When interpreting the data, it is easier to start with the:","options":[("a","Hypothesis testing",False),("b","Correlation",False),("c","Descriptive data",True),("d","Conclusion",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":7,"text":"A statistically significant result is conventionally indicated by a cut off p value of:","options":[("a","<0.9",False),("b","<0.5",False),("c","<0.1",False),("d","<0.05",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":8,"text":"The process of transforming qualitative research data from written or tape recorded interviews into typed text is called:","options":[("a","Segmenting",False),("b","Coding",False),("c","Transcription",True),("d","Memoing",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":9,"text":"Researchers are usually interested in supporting which of the following hypothesis?","options":[("a","The alternate hypothesis",True),("b","The null hypothesis",False),("c","Both the alternate and null hypothesis",False),("d","Neither the alternate nor the null hypothesis",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":10,"text":"Which of the following is an important point to kept in mind while writing 'results' section?","options":[("a","Do not explain how you handled your missing values",False),("b","Do not explain the techniques you used to 'clean' your data",False),("c","Specify any computer programs used for data analysis",True),("d","Do write the interpretation of results in this section",False)],"answer":"c"},
]
})
# Chapter 13
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 13: Communication, Critiquing and Utilization of Research Findings",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Which of the following is most likely to reach the largest population?","options":[("a","Thesis",False),("b","Article published in a journal",True),("c","Poster presentation",False),("d","Oral presentation",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":2,"text":"In which of the following section, the researcher fully interprets and evaluates the results:","options":[("a","Introduction",False),("b","Methods",False),("c","Results",False),("d","Discussion",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which of the following is true about writing a conclusion of a research report?","options":[("a","Can introduce new information",False),("b","Must be based only on material presented in the report",True),("c","It is the same as the abstract",False),("d","Should focus only on the objectives of the research",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":4,"text":"Which of the following Do NOT justify the dictum \"Dissemination of research findings is the prime responsibility of a researcher\"?","options":[("a","Research that is not reported is meaningless",False),("b","It does not contribute to the body of knowledge",True),("c","The findings may be useful to improve the practice",False),("d","It may help others to plan their research more effectively",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which section of a research report is considered the mirror of the study?","options":[("a","Methods",False),("b","Abstract",True),("c","Results",False),("d","Discussion",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":6,"text":"In the methods section of the report, the researcher needs to:","options":[("a","Discuss the results of the research",False),("b","Discuss the theoretical background for the research",False),("c","The daily research activities conducted during the research process",False),("d","Set out in detail how data was gathered and analyzed",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":7,"text":"Which is true regarding abstract?","options":[("a","Is usually placed after the methods",False),("b","It summarizes the study",True),("c","Is generally of >500 words",False),("d","Does not mention methods and objectives",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":8,"text":"Which of the following is not true regarding introduction?","options":[("a","It informs the readers the rationale of the study",False),("b","It ends with the research questions",False),("c","It outlines the methods",True),("d","It gives background of the study",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":9,"text":"Which is not true regarding methodology of a research report?","options":[("a","It should be written in the past tense",False),("b","It does not show the ethical justification",True),("c","It should describe the tools used in the study",False),("d","It should include the details regarding the research designs",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":10,"text":"Which is not true regarding a poster presentation?","options":[("a","The write-up on the poster should be legible from a distance of 3 feet",True),("b","There should be self-explanatory graphics and tables on the poster",False),("c","The text should be limited to 20% on the poster",False),("d","There should not be any empty space on the poster",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":11,"text":"Which one of the following will NOT be a part of a good research proposal?","options":[("a","Focus on addressing the research objectives",False),("b","Focus on specific style of writing references",False),("c","Consider only research previously done only in the western countries",True),("d","Provide researchers names and address",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":12,"text":"Which one of the following part of the research proposal outlines the data needed for solving a research problem?","options":[("a","Introduction",False),("b","Consent form",False),("c","Research design",False),("d","Methodology",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":13,"text":"Which of the following option is the best description of a research proposal?","options":[("a","A framework for data analysis",False),("b","A written account of the plan for the intended study",True),("c","A description of ethical perspective of the study",False),("d","An argument for the merit of the study",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":14,"text":"Which of the following is the purpose of writing a research proposal?","options":[("a","Acts as a guide for conducting study",True),("b","Saves money of the funding agency",False),("c","Prevents replication by others in doing a similar study",False),("d","Aims to solve some problems through literature review",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":15,"text":"Title of a good protocol includes:","options":[("a","Keywords",True),("b","The overall plan",False),("c","The budget",False),("d","Consent",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":16,"text":"Which of the following is a part of the process of writing a research proposal?","options":[("a","PowerPoint presentation",False),("b","Training the researcher",True),("c","Prewriting",False),("d","Selection of the research staff",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":17,"text":"Which of the following is not a reference management software?","options":[("a","Zotero",False),("b","BibDesk",False),("c","EndNote",False),("d","Strata",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":18,"text":"Which referencing system most of journals in medical sciences use?","options":[("a","The Vancouver system",True),("b","APA system",False),("c","Harvard system",False),("d","WHO system",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":19,"text":"Which reference writing system mandates that references are to be numbered consecutively in the order they are first mentioned in the text?","options":[("a","APA style",False),("b","Vancouver style",True),("c","Harvard style",False),("d","Both a and b",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":20,"text":"Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a new production is known as:","options":[("a","Referencing",False),("b","Self-plagiarism",True),("c","Citation",False),("d","Quotation",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":21,"text":"Identify the correct order of a quantitative research report:","options":[("a","Literature review, results, methods, discussion",False),("b","Literature review, methods, results, discussion",True),("c","Discussion, Literature review, methods, results",False),("d","Methods, results, literature review, discussion",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":22,"text":"Which of the followings is in a research report but not in a proposal?","options":[("a","Title page",False),("b","Abstract",False),("c","Findings",True),("d","Supporting material",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":23,"text":"Which of the following parts of a journal article is read the most?","options":[("a","Results",False),("b","Discussion",False),("c","Introduction",False),("d","Abstract",True)],"answer":"d"},
]
})
# Chapter 14
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 14: Introduction to Statistics and Organization of Data",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"The indices calculated from a sample is called:","options":[("a","Parameter",False),("b","Statistics",True),("c","Conclusion",False),("d","Inference",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":2,"text":"Which of the following is a nominal variable?","options":[("a","Weight",False),("b","Anxiety level",False),("c","Number of children",False),("d","Gender",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which type of variable \"Social Class\" is, if it has four categories-I to V and Class I is the highest social class and Class V is the lowest?","options":[("a","Dichotomous",False),("b","Nominal",False),("c","Ordinal",True),("d","Interval",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":4,"text":"All of the following are example of nominal scale; except:","options":[("a","Race",False),("b","Sex",False),("c","Body weight",True),("d","Occupation",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following scale of measurement has an absolute zero?","options":[("a","Nominal",False),("b","Ordinal",False),("c","Interval",False),("d","Ratio",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":6,"text":"Age is an example of:","options":[("a","Continuous variable",True),("b","Discrete variable",False),("c","Categorical variable",False),("d","Nominal variable",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":7,"text":"Type of graphical presentation data used to explain correlation between dependent and independent variable is:","options":[("a","Bar diagram",False),("b","Histogram",False),("c","Scatter plot",True),("d","Frequency polygon",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":8,"text":"Which of the following data presentation method uses angle for construction?","options":[("a","Table",False),("b","Pie graph",True),("c","Bar chart",False),("d","Frequency",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":9,"text":"Distribution of continuous data can be best represented by:","options":[("a","Pie chart",False),("b","Pictogram",False),("c","Histogram",True),("d","Line diagram",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":10,"text":"Mean and standard deviation can be worked out only if the data is on:","options":[("a","Interval/Ratio scale",True),("b","Dichotomous scale",False),("c","Nominal scale",False),("d","Ordinal scale",False)],"answer":"a"},
]
})
# Chapter 15
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 15: Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendencies and Variability",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Mean, medium and mode are:","options":[("a","Measure of dispersion",False),("b","Measure association between two variables",False),("c","Test of significance",False),("d","Measure of central tendency",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":2,"text":"Which is the point on a numerical scale above which and below which 50% of cases falls?","options":[("a","Central Tendency",False),("b","Mode",False),("c","Median",True),("d","Mean",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":3,"text":"The best measure of central tendency in a normally distributed continuous data is:","options":[("a","Mean",True),("b","Median",False),("c","Mode",False),("d","Range",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":4,"text":"What is the median of the following ungrouped data: 18, 6, 12, 10, 14, 5, 9?","options":[("a","10",True),("b","9",False),("c","12",False),("d","18",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":5,"text":"The value of highest frequency in the data is:","options":[("a","Mode",True),("b","Mean",False),("c","Standard deviation",False),("d","Median",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":6,"text":"Identify the mode of the following values: 6, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 4, 6, 7, 6, 8, 6.","options":[("a","3",False),("b","8",False),("c","6",True),("d","7",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":7,"text":"Which of the following is the formula for range?","options":[("a","H + L",False),("b","L x H",False),("c","L - H",False),("d","H - L",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":8,"text":"50th percentile is equivalent to:","options":[("a","Mean",False),("b","Median",True),("c","Mode",False),("d","Range",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":9,"text":"The square root of the variance is:","options":[("a","Standard deviation",True),("b","Standard error",False),("c","Z Score",False),("d","Variance",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":10,"text":"Standard deviation is a measure of:","options":[("a","Chance",False),("b","Central tendency",False),("c","Deviation from mean value",True),("d","None of these",False)],"answer":"c"},
]
})
# Chapter 16
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 16: Normal Distribution",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"Approximately what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a normal distribution:","options":[("a","34%",False),("b","68%",True),("c","95%",False),("d","99%",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":2,"text":"A normal distribution curve depends on:","options":[("a","Mean and sample size",False),("b","Range and sample size",False),("c","Mean and standard deviation",True),("d","Median and range",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":3,"text":"If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is:","options":[("a","Negatively skewed",True),("b","Positively skewed",False),("c","Symmetrical skewed",False),("d","Symmetrical",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":4,"text":"In a normal distribution curve, how many percentage of the data (area) fall within two standard deviation of the mean:","options":[("a","68.2%",False),("b","90.6%",False),("c","95.4%",True),("d","99.6%",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":5,"text":"Which of the following is true about a negatively skewed data distribution?","options":[("a","Mean < median < mode",True),("b","Mode > median > mean",False),("c","Median > mean > mode",False),("d","Mean = Median = Mode",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":6,"text":"Z score criteria is applicable to:","options":[("a","Normal distribution",True),("b","Skewed deviation",False),("c","Chi-square test",False),("d","Paired 't' test",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":7,"text":"Correlation analysis is performed to find:","options":[("a","Regression between variables",False),("b","Difference between variables",False),("c","Association between variables",True),("d","Variations between variables",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":8,"text":"To analyze the relationship between Systolic blood pressure (in mm of hg) and weight (in kg) in a sample of 100 patients, we could use:","options":[("a","Paired t-test",False),("b","Correlation coefficient",True),("c","Chi-squared test",False),("d","One-way ANOVA",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":9,"text":"Correlation is measured between:","options":[("a","-1 and +1",True),("b","0 and 1",False),("c","0 and -1",False),("d","0.001 and 0.05",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":10,"text":"Statistical procedure that is used to predict the value of a dependent variable based on the value of one or more independent variable is known as:","options":[("a","Repeated measures ANOVA",False),("b","Regression analysis",True),("c","General linear model",False),("d","Q-Sort analysis",False)],"answer":"b"},
]
})
# Chapter 17
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 17: Inferential Statistics",
"questions": [
{"num":1,"text":"A nurse researcher wanted to compare the male and female patients on their level of satisfaction of nursing care provided to them. The level of satisfaction was measured as 'satisfied' or 'not-satisfied'. Which of the following statistical method is appropriate to associate the gender and satisfaction level of patients?","options":[("a","t-test",False),("b","Chi-square test",True),("c","Correlation coefficient",False),("d","ANOVA",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":2,"text":"What is NOT TRUE about Yate's Correction in Chi-square test?","options":[("a","Applied when two categorical variables are compared.",False),("b","Applied when 2 x 2 contingency table is used",False),("c","Recommended when <5 numbers are there is contingency cells",False),("d","It is used when normality assumption is not satisfied.",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":3,"text":"Which of the following is a Parametric test used in hypothesis testing?","options":[("a","ANOVA",True),("b","Chi Square test",False),("c","McNemar test",False),("d","Mann-Whitney test",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":4,"text":"Which of the following is NOT an assumption made by parametric tests?","options":[("a","Sample scores have been drawn from a normally distributed population",False),("b","The samples are assumed to have the same variance",False),("c","Outcome variable is measured on an interval or ratio scale",False),("d","Outcome variable is measured on a nominal or rational scale",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":5,"text":"One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test is used to:","options":[("a","Test the difference between two independent group means",False),("b","Test the difference among the means of 3 or more related groups",False),("c","Test the difference among the means of 3 or more independent groups",True),("d","Test the difference in ranks of scores of 3 or more independent groups",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":6,"text":"Paired t-test is used to:","options":[("a","Test the difference between two independent group means",False),("b","Test the difference among the means of two related groups",True),("c","Test the difference among the means of 3 or more independent groups",False),("d","Test the difference in ranks of scores of 3 or more independent groups",False)],"answer":"b"},
{"num":7,"text":"For testing the statistical significance of the difference in heights of school children among three socio-economic groups, the most appropriate statistical test is:","options":[("a","Student's t-test",False),("b","Chi square test",False),("c","Paired t-test",False),("d","One-way ANOVA",True)],"answer":"d"},
{"num":8,"text":"Which is the most appropriate inferential statistics test the difference among the means of 3 + related groups' sets of scores?","options":[("a","Repeated-measures ANOVA",True),("b","Friedman test",False),("c","Paired t-test",False),("d","Wilcoxon signed-rank test",False)],"answer":"a"},
{"num":9,"text":"Which of the following is a true statement about nonparametric tests?","options":[("a","They are used to analyze data that are normally distributed.",False),("b","Paired t-test is a nonparametric test.",False),("c","They are used to analyze data that are not normally distributed.",True),("d","They can be used only when the data is collected from a random sample of subjects.",False)],"answer":"c"},
{"num":10,"text":"Which of the following statistical test is appropriate to find difference in the IQ score of men and women who fall into one of three different age groups?","options":[("a","One-way ANOVA",False),("b","2 by 3 Factorial ANOVA",True),("c","Repeated measures ANOVA",False),("d","Multiple regression",False)],"answer":"d"},
]
})
# ─── BUILD DOCUMENT ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
for ch in chapters:
add_chapter_heading(doc, ch["title"])
doc.add_paragraph() # spacing after heading
for q in ch["questions"]:
add_question(doc, q["num"], q["text"])
for (label, text, is_ans) in q["options"]:
add_option(doc, label, text, is_answer=is_ans)
add_answer_line(doc, q["answer"].upper())
doc.add_paragraph() # spacing between chapters
# ─── SAVE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
output_path = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-research/Nursing_Research_MCQ_Chapters6_to_17.docx"
doc.save(output_path)
print(f"Saved: {output_path}")
python3 /tmp/workspace/nursing-research/create_mcq_doc.py
python3 -c " from docx import Document doc = Document('/tmp/workspace/nursing-research/Nursing_Research_MCQ_Chapters6_to_17.docx') count = 0 for p in doc.paragraphs: if p.text.strip(): count += 1 if count <= 30: print(repr(p.text[:100])) print(f'... total non-empty paragraphs: {count}') "
Nursing Research MCQ Chapters6 to 17
Word Document · DOCX
- Chapters 6 through 17 - all questions, options, and answers
- Formatting:
- Chapter headings in blue bold (Heading 1 style)
- Question numbers and text in bold
- Correct answer option highlighted in green bold
- Answer line in red italic bold (e.g., Answer: A)
- Clean Arial font throughout, 1.2-inch margins
| Chapter | Questions |
|---|---|
| Ch. 6 - Literature Review (cont.) | 1 |
| Ch. 7 - Theoretical & Conceptual Framework | 10 |
| Ch. 8 - Research Approaches & Designs | 14 |
| Ch. 9 - Sampling | 10 |
| Ch. 10 - Tools & Techniques of Data Collection | 10 |
| Ch. 11 - Validity & Reliability | 10 |
| Ch. 12 - Analysis & Interpretation | 10 |
| Ch. 13 - Communication, Critiquing & Utilization | 23 |
| Ch. 14 - Introduction to Statistics | 10 |
| Ch. 15 - Descriptive Statistics | 10 |
| Ch. 16 - Normal Distribution | 10 |
| Ch. 17 - Inferential Statistics | 10 |
Following are the questions, options, and answers for all the Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) found in the sources, organized by chapter: ### **Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Nursing Research** 1. **A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into clinical practice is a:** * a. Consumer * b. Primary investigator * c. Co-investigator * d. Collaborator **Answer: a** [1, 2] 2. **Contribution of Florence Nightingale to nursing research is:** * a. Case study approach * b. Conceptual Framework for research * c. Data collection and analysis * d. Qualitative research method **Answer: c** [1, 2] 3. **Feasibility of a research study is determined by examining:** * a. Investigator’s credibility * b. Availability of subjects * c. Importance of research problem * d. Previous research evidences **Answer: b** [1, 2] 4. **The most important contribution to research in health by Florence Nightingale was:** * a. Development of nursing theory in Notes on Nursing. * b. Compilation of data on soldiers’ morbidity and mortality. * c. Study of the best way to acquire provisions. * d. Experimenting with the wound care techniques. **Answer: b** [2] 5. **Determine which of the following statement conveys the empirical nature of research:** * a. The research is conducted in controlled situations. * b. Research has been carried out following meticulous steps. * c. The results of the research yielded favorable results. * d. The researcher was able to generalize the findings to a large group of population. **Answer: d** [2] 6. **As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reasons, except:** * a. Professional advancement * b. To validate the results of new nursing modalities. * c. For financial gains * d. To improve nursing care **Answer: c** [2] 7. **Who is the first nurse researcher?** * a. Martha Rogers * b. Dorethea Orem * c. Florence Nightingale * d. Sr. Callista Roy **Answer: c** [2] 8. **Which of the following is not the purpose of pilot study?** * a. Tool refinement * b. Fine tune the data collection process * c. Help in sample size estimation * d. Drawing final inferences **Answer: d** [2] 9. **Identify the correct sequence of data collection.** * a. Contact, Inform, Consent, Collect * b. Contact, Consent, Inform, Collect * c. Inform, Contact, Consent, Collect * d. Contact, Inform, Collect, Consent **Answer: a** [2] --- ### **Chapter 2: Overview of Research Process** 1. **In which of the following research approaches generalizing of findings is difficult?** * a. Quantitative research * b. Qualitative research * c. Mixed research * d. Methodological research **Answer: b** [3, 4] 2. **Which of the following best describes quantitative research?** * a. Collection of non-numerical data * b. Attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses * c. Research that is exploratory * d. Research that attempts to generate a new theory **Answer: b** [3, 4] 3. **A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):** * a. Categorical variable * b. Dependent variable * c. Independent variable * d. Intervening variable **Answer: c** [3, 4] 4. **Which of the followings is NOT TRUE about qualitative research?** * a. It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest * b. It relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures * c. It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world * d. It uses the inductive scientific method **Answer: a** [3, 4] 5. **The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?** * a. Experimental * b. Causal-comparative * c. Correlational * d. Ethnography **Answer: a** [3, 4] 6. **In PICOT format, C stands for:** * a. Control * b. Comparison * c. Continuity * d. Comprehensive **Answer: b** [3, 4] 7. **The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?** * a. Introduction * b. Methodology * c. Data analysis * d. Discussion **Answer: b** [3, 4] 8. **In which of the following type of research, literature review should not be conducted in the beginning?** * a. Phenomenological research * b. Grounded theory research * c. Ethnographic research * d. Historical research **Answer: b** [3, 4] 9. **The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:** * a. Cost and time required to conduct the study * b. Skills required for a researcher * c. Potential ethical concerns * d. All of these **Answer: d** [4] --- ### **Chapter 3: Ethics in Nursing Research** 1. **The Nuremberg Code (ethical guidelines for conducting research) was developed as a result of:** * a. World War I * b. World War II * c. Cold War * d. Iraq-US-War **Answer: b** [5] 2. **Which one is not the fundamental guiding principle of ethics?** * a. Respect for patient and their autonomy * b. Maleficence * c. Beneficence * d. Justice **Answer: d** [5] 3. **Right to Information Act came into existence in which year?** * a. 1985 * b. 1999 * c. 2001 * d. 2005 **Answer: d** [5] 4. **Which of the following is not required in consent form?** * a. Address of researcher * b. Name of researcher * c. Phone no. of the researcher * d. Income of the researcher **Answer: d** [5] 5. **Which of the following is not eligible to become a member of IEC?** * a. Lay person * b. Philosopher * c. Member of Parliament * d. Legal expert **Answer: c** [5] 6. **What is the minimum number of members to comprise an optimum quorum for the IEC meeting?** * a. 3 * b. 4 * c. 5 * d. 7 **Answer: c** [5] 7. **Which of the following is true about ethics?** * a. Ethics do not relate to nursing * b. Ethics are always related to law of the land * c. Ethics are framed by Rajya Sabha * d. Ethics reflect our morals **Answer: d** [5] 8. **Which of the following conduct of nurses is unethical?** * a. She takes informed consent of a blind patient * b. She does not tell exact diagnosis to cancer patient * c. She also offers treatment to the control group in a drug trial * d. She keeps the subject’s information confidential **Answer: c** [5] 9. **Ethics norms are framed to fulfill which of the following?** * a. To promote values essential to collaborative work * b. To save researcher from enquiry * c. To document fabricated data * d. To save on time of researcher **Answer: a** [5] 10. **The study protocol for submission to IEC does not include which of the following?** * a. The title of study with signature of Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-investigators * b. Research objectives and rationale of study * c. Plan for statistical analysis * d. Name of the subjects/research participants **Answer: d** [5] --- ### **Chapter 4: Research Problem** 1. **PICO means ________ .** * a. Population, intervention, comparison, outcome * b. Prevalence, incidence, cohort, observation * c. Polio, influenza, chickenpox, ovulation * d. Patient, injection, catheterization, operation **Answer: a** [6, 7] 2. **Discrepancy between what is known and what ought to be known is described as:** * a. Research results * b. Research gap * c. Research objective * d. Research findings **Answer: b** [6, 7] 3. **Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?** * a. Results * b. Cause * c. Output * d. Effect **Answer: b** [6, 7] 4. **The dependent variable is:** * a. A stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher. * b. The quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problem * c. A characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the study * d. The response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand **Answer: d** [6, 7] 5. **Which of the following is TRUE?** * a. Problem statement is why study is being done * b. Research purpose is what will be examined in the study * c. Research questions provide greater focus to research * d. Research feasibility ignores the money aspect **Answer: c** [7] 6. **Which of the following is correct guideline for writing research statement of an experimental research?** * a. Independent variable first, dependent second * b. Dependent variable first, independent second * c. Use only independent variable * d. Use only dependent variable. **Answer: a** [7] 7. **Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis:** "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy." * a. Cancer patients * b. Complaints of pain * c. Pain medication use * d. Music therapy **Answer: d** [7] 8. **The initial and one of the most significant steps in conducting the research process is:** * a. Defining the research variables * b. Identifying the research problem * c. Stating the research purposes * d. Determining the feasibility of the study **Answer: b** [7] 9. **Which of the following is not the element of a research statement?** * a. Research design * b. Research instrument * c. Population * d. Time **Answer: b** [7] 10. **Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?** * a. Nursing assessment * b. Planning * c. Implementation * d. Evaluation **Answer: a** [7] --- ### **Chapter 5: Hypothesis and Assumption** 1. **A formal tentative statement about the expected relationship between two or more variables under the study is:** * a. Hypothesis * b. Variable * c. Delimitation * d. Assumption **Answer: a** [8, 9] 2. **Assumption and delimitation are identified in which stage of research process?** * a. Planning * b. Implementing * c. Writing report * d. Critiquing **Answer: a** [8, 9] 3. **Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?** * a. Deductive method * b. Inductive method * c. Hypothesis method * d. Pattern method **Answer: a** [8, 9] 4. **Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement:** "The lower the blood sugar level, the lesser is the risk of infection among diabetic patients." * a. Simple, associative * b. Simple, causal * c. Causal, null * d. Causal, directional **Answer: a** [8, 9] 5. **Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement:** "Emotional well-being is influenced by the self-esteem, degree of social support and financial status in women breast cancer survivors." * a. Simple, research * b. Simple, directional * c. Complex, nondirectional * d. Complex, directional **Answer: c** [9] 6. **Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed in which type of research studies?** * a. Quantitative research studies * b. Qualitative research studies * c. Prospective cohort studies * d. Comparative studies **Answer: b** [9] 7. **Which of the following is not true for hypothesis?** * a. It is a prediction of relationship between variables * b. It is the researcher’s anticipation regarding the study * c. A hypothesis is a tentative generalization * d. It cannot be tested **Answer: d** [9] 8. **Realistic expectation which is something that we believe to be true is:** * a. Hypothesis * b. Conceptual framework * c. Assumption * d. Concepts **Answer: c** [9] 9. **Which of the following term describes the boundaries that the researcher has set for the study?** * a. Assumption * b. Hypothesis * c. Conceptual framework * d. Delimitation **Answer: d** [9] 10. **Which of the following term describes the shortcomings of research that is found at the end of the research process?** * a. Demerits * b. Critique * c. Limitation * d. Delimitation **Answer: c** [9] --- ### **Chapter 6: Literature Review** 1. **Which of the following is considered to be the highest quality type of literature?** * a. Research articles in a peer-reviewed journal * b. Secondary sources * c. Books. * d. Research reports in a conference proceedings. **Answer: a** [10, 11] 2. **The most useful abstracting index for nursing literature is:** * a. ERIC * b. CINAHL * c. Pubmed * d. Psych INFO **Answer: b** [10, 11] 3. **Which portion of the research report should capture MeSH?** * a. Title * b. Abstract * c. Conclusion * d. Recommendations **Answer: b** [10, 11] 4. **In a peer-reviewed journal, the articles are published on the basis of:** * a. Subjective discretion of the editors * b. Number of authors listed * c. Sincerity of the authors listed * d. Comments of the reviewers **Answer: d** [10, 11] 5. **Which of the following is the criteria of primary source of literature?** * a. Systematic review published in a peer reviewed journal * b. Record based data * c. Original articles published in a journal * d. Meta analysis data published in a journal **Answer: c** [10, 11] 6. **Which of the following is NOT a purpose of literature review?** * a. Avoid duplication of previous studies * b. Help researchers to copy results of previous studies * c. Help to narrow down the topic of proposed study * d. Facilitate researchers to discuss their results **Answer: b** [10, 11] 7. **A critical aspect of beginning a database search for relevant literature on a topic of interest involves identifying:** * a. Reference management software * b. Electronic journals * c. Keywords * d. Existing knowledge **Answer: c** [10, 11] 8. **Which among the following article published in a peer reviewed journal is considered the highest level of evidence?** * a. Meta analysis of RCTs * b. Findings of Single RCT * c. Systematic review of observational studies * d. Expert’s opinion/comment about published paper **Answer: a** [10, 11] 9. **Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the Cochrane library?** * a. It provides data on RCTs * b. It focuses only on studies in Western countries * c. It is a collection of databases * d. It represents the highest level of evidences for health care decision making **Answer: b** [10, 11] 10. **Which of the following is NOT true of pubmed search using boolean operators.** * a. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will retrieve articles that contain either "Depression" or "Therapy" or both * b. Search Query "Migraine OR Headache" will retrieve articles that contain either "Migraine" or "Headache" * c. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will only retrieve articles that contain both terms in the content * d. Add this chapter 1 to chapter 6 in word documnet
~/nursing-research/create_mcq_ch1_6.py
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor, Inches
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
doc = Document()
# Default style
normal_style = doc.styles['Normal']
normal_style.font.name = 'Arial'
normal_style.font.size = Pt(11)
# Page margins
for section in doc.sections:
section.top_margin = Inches(1)
section.bottom_margin = Inches(1)
section.left_margin = Inches(1.2)
section.right_margin = Inches(1.2)
def add_chapter_heading(doc, text):
p = doc.add_paragraph(style='Heading 1')
p.clear()
run = p.add_run(text)
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(14)
run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x49, 0x7D)
def add_question(doc, q_num, q_text):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
run = p.add_run(f"Q{q_num}. {q_text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
run.font.bold = True
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(8)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(2)
def add_option(doc, label, text, is_answer=False):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3)
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(1)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(1)
run = p.add_run(f" {label}. {text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
if is_answer:
run.font.bold = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x7A, 0x1F)
def add_answer_line(doc, answer_text):
p = doc.add_paragraph()
p.paragraph_format.left_indent = Inches(0.3)
p.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(2)
p.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(4)
run = p.add_run(f"Answer: {answer_text}")
run.font.name = 'Arial'
run.font.size = Pt(11)
run.font.bold = True
run.font.italic = True
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xC0, 0x00, 0x00)
# ─── TITLE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
title_p = doc.add_paragraph()
title_p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
title_run = title_p.add_run("Nursing Research – Multiple Choice Questions")
title_run.font.name = 'Arial'
title_run.font.size = Pt(16)
title_run.font.bold = True
title_run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x1F, 0x49, 0x7D)
subtitle_p = doc.add_paragraph()
subtitle_p.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER
sub_run = subtitle_p.add_run("Chapters 1–6 | Questions, Options & Answers")
sub_run.font.name = 'Arial'
sub_run.font.size = Pt(12)
sub_run.font.italic = True
sub_run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x40, 0x40, 0x40)
doc.add_paragraph()
# ─── DATA ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
chapters = []
# Chapter 1
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Nursing Research",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into clinical practice is a:",
"options": [
("a", "Consumer", True),
("b", "Primary investigator", False),
("c", "Co-investigator", False),
("d", "Collaborator", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "Contribution of Florence Nightingale to nursing research is:",
"options": [
("a", "Case study approach", False),
("b", "Conceptual Framework for research", False),
("c", "Data collection and analysis", True),
("d", "Qualitative research method", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "Feasibility of a research study is determined by examining:",
"options": [
("a", "Investigator's credibility", False),
("b", "Availability of subjects", True),
("c", "Importance of research problem", False),
("d", "Previous research evidences", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": "The most important contribution to research in health by Florence Nightingale was:",
"options": [
("a", "Development of nursing theory in Notes on Nursing.", False),
("b", "Compilation of data on soldiers' morbidity and mortality.", True),
("c", "Study of the best way to acquire provisions.", False),
("d", "Experimenting with the wound care techniques.", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": "Determine which of the following statement conveys the empirical nature of research:",
"options": [
("a", "The research is conducted in controlled situations.", False),
("b", "Research has been carried out following meticulous steps.", False),
("c", "The results of the research yielded favorable results.", False),
("d", "The researcher was able to generalize the findings to a large group of population.", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reasons, except:",
"options": [
("a", "Professional advancement", False),
("b", "To validate the results of new nursing modalities.", False),
("c", "For financial gains", True),
("d", "To improve nursing care", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": "Who is the first nurse researcher?",
"options": [
("a", "Martha Rogers", False),
("b", "Dorethea Orem", False),
("c", "Florence Nightingale", True),
("d", "Sr. Callista Roy", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "Which of the following is not the purpose of pilot study?",
"options": [
("a", "Tool refinement", False),
("b", "Fine tune the data collection process", False),
("c", "Help in sample size estimation", False),
("d", "Drawing final inferences", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "Identify the correct sequence of data collection.",
"options": [
("a", "Contact, Inform, Consent, Collect", True),
("b", "Contact, Consent, Inform, Collect", False),
("c", "Inform, Contact, Consent, Collect", False),
("d", "Contact, Inform, Collect, Consent", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
]
})
# Chapter 2
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 2: Overview of Research Process",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "In which of the following research approaches generalizing of findings is difficult?",
"options": [
("a", "Quantitative research", False),
("b", "Qualitative research", True),
("c", "Mixed research", False),
("d", "Methodological research", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "Which of the following best describes quantitative research?",
"options": [
("a", "Collection of non-numerical data", False),
("b", "Attempt to confirm the researcher's hypotheses", True),
("c", "Research that is exploratory", False),
("d", "Research that attempts to generate a new theory", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):",
"options": [
("a", "Categorical variable", False),
("b", "Dependent variable", False),
("c", "Independent variable", True),
("d", "Intervening variable", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": "Which of the followings is NOT TRUE about qualitative research?",
"options": [
("a", "It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest", True),
("b", "It relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures", False),
("c", "It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world", False),
("d", "It uses the inductive scientific method", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": "The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?",
"options": [
("a", "Experimental", True),
("b", "Causal-comparative", False),
("c", "Correlational", False),
("d", "Ethnography", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "In PICOT format, C stands for:",
"options": [
("a", "Control", False),
("b", "Comparison", True),
("c", "Continuity", False),
("d", "Comprehensive", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": "The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?",
"options": [
("a", "Introduction", False),
("b", "Methodology", True),
("c", "Data analysis", False),
("d", "Discussion", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "In which of the following type of research, literature review should not be conducted in the beginning?",
"options": [
("a", "Phenomenological research", False),
("b", "Grounded theory research", True),
("c", "Ethnographic research", False),
("d", "Historical research", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:",
"options": [
("a", "Cost and time required to conduct the study", False),
("b", "Skills required for a researcher", False),
("c", "Potential ethical concerns", False),
("d", "All of these", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
]
})
# Chapter 3
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 3: Ethics in Nursing Research",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "The Nuremberg Code (ethical guidelines for conducting research) was developed as a result of:",
"options": [
("a", "World War I", False),
("b", "World War II", True),
("c", "Cold War", False),
("d", "Iraq-US-War", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "Which one is not the fundamental guiding principle of ethics?",
"options": [
("a", "Respect for patient and their autonomy", False),
("b", "Maleficence", False),
("c", "Beneficence", False),
("d", "Justice", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "Right to Information Act came into existence in which year?",
"options": [
("a", "1985", False),
("b", "1999", False),
("c", "2001", False),
("d", "2005", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": "Which of the following is not required in consent form?",
"options": [
("a", "Address of researcher", False),
("b", "Name of researcher", False),
("c", "Phone no. of the researcher", False),
("d", "Income of the researcher", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": "Which of the following is not eligible to become a member of IEC?",
"options": [
("a", "Lay person", False),
("b", "Philosopher", False),
("c", "Member of Parliament", True),
("d", "Legal expert", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "What is the minimum number of members to comprise an optimum quorum for the IEC meeting?",
"options": [
("a", "3", False),
("b", "4", False),
("c", "5", True),
("d", "7", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": "Which of the following is true about ethics?",
"options": [
("a", "Ethics do not relate to nursing", False),
("b", "Ethics are always related to law of the land", False),
("c", "Ethics are framed by Rajya Sabha", False),
("d", "Ethics reflect our morals", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "Which of the following conduct of nurses is unethical?",
"options": [
("a", "She takes informed consent of a blind patient", False),
("b", "She does not tell exact diagnosis to cancer patient", False),
("c", "She also offers treatment to the control group in a drug trial", True),
("d", "She keeps the subject's information confidential", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "Ethics norms are framed to fulfill which of the following?",
"options": [
("a", "To promote values essential to collaborative work", True),
("b", "To save researcher from enquiry", False),
("c", "To document fabricated data", False),
("d", "To save on time of researcher", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 10,
"text": "The study protocol for submission to IEC does not include which of the following?",
"options": [
("a", "The title of study with signature of Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-investigators", False),
("b", "Research objectives and rationale of study", False),
("c", "Plan for statistical analysis", False),
("d", "Name of the subjects/research participants", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
]
})
# Chapter 4
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 4: Research Problem",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "PICO means ________ .",
"options": [
("a", "Population, intervention, comparison, outcome", True),
("b", "Prevalence, incidence, cohort, observation", False),
("c", "Polio, influenza, chickenpox, ovulation", False),
("d", "Patient, injection, catheterization, operation", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "Discrepancy between what is known and what ought to be known is described as:",
"options": [
("a", "Research results", False),
("b", "Research gap", True),
("c", "Research objective", False),
("d", "Research findings", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?",
"options": [
("a", "Results", False),
("b", "Cause", True),
("c", "Output", False),
("d", "Effect", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": "The dependent variable is:",
"options": [
("a", "A stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.", False),
("b", "The quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problem", False),
("c", "A characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the study", False),
("d", "The response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": "Which of the following is TRUE?",
"options": [
("a", "Problem statement is why study is being done", False),
("b", "Research purpose is what will be examined in the study", False),
("c", "Research questions provide greater focus to research", True),
("d", "Research feasibility ignores the money aspect", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "Which of the following is correct guideline for writing research statement of an experimental research?",
"options": [
("a", "Independent variable first, dependent second", True),
("b", "Dependent variable first, independent second", False),
("c", "Use only independent variable", False),
("d", "Use only dependent variable.", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": 'Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."',
"options": [
("a", "Cancer patients", False),
("b", "Complaints of pain", False),
("c", "Pain medication use", False),
("d", "Music therapy", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "The initial and one of the most significant steps in conducting the research process is:",
"options": [
("a", "Defining the research variables", False),
("b", "Identifying the research problem", True),
("c", "Stating the research purposes", False),
("d", "Determining the feasibility of the study", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "Which of the following is not the element of a research statement?",
"options": [
("a", "Research design", False),
("b", "Research instrument", True),
("c", "Population", False),
("d", "Time", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 10,
"text": "Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?",
"options": [
("a", "Nursing assessment", True),
("b", "Planning", False),
("c", "Implementation", False),
("d", "Evaluation", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
]
})
# Chapter 5
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 5: Hypothesis and Assumption",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "A formal tentative statement about the expected relationship between two or more variables under the study is:",
"options": [
("a", "Hypothesis", True),
("b", "Variable", False),
("c", "Delimitation", False),
("d", "Assumption", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "Assumption and delimitation are identified in which stage of research process?",
"options": [
("a", "Planning", True),
("b", "Implementing", False),
("c", "Writing report", False),
("d", "Critiquing", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?",
"options": [
("a", "Deductive method", True),
("b", "Inductive method", False),
("c", "Hypothesis method", False),
("d", "Pattern method", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": 'Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement: "The lower the blood sugar level, the lesser is the risk of infection among diabetic patients."',
"options": [
("a", "Simple, associative", True),
("b", "Simple, causal", False),
("c", "Causal, null", False),
("d", "Causal, directional", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": 'Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement: "Emotional well-being is influenced by the self-esteem, degree of social support and financial status in women breast cancer survivors."',
"options": [
("a", "Simple, research", False),
("b", "Simple, directional", False),
("c", "Complex, nondirectional", True),
("d", "Complex, directional", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed in which type of research studies?",
"options": [
("a", "Quantitative research studies", False),
("b", "Qualitative research studies", True),
("c", "Prospective cohort studies", False),
("d", "Comparative studies", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": "Which of the following is not true for hypothesis?",
"options": [
("a", "It is a prediction of relationship between variables", False),
("b", "It is the researcher's anticipation regarding the study", False),
("c", "A hypothesis is a tentative generalization", False),
("d", "It cannot be tested", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "Realistic expectation which is something that we believe to be true is:",
"options": [
("a", "Hypothesis", False),
("b", "Conceptual framework", False),
("c", "Assumption", True),
("d", "Concepts", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "Which of the following term describes the boundaries that the researcher has set for the study?",
"options": [
("a", "Assumption", False),
("b", "Hypothesis", False),
("c", "Conceptual framework", False),
("d", "Delimitation", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 10,
"text": "Which of the following term describes the shortcomings of research that is found at the end of the research process?",
"options": [
("a", "Demerits", False),
("b", "Critique", False),
("c", "Limitation", True),
("d", "Delimitation", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
]
})
# Chapter 6
chapters.append({
"title": "Chapter 6: Literature Review",
"questions": [
{
"num": 1,
"text": "Which of the following is considered to be the highest quality type of literature?",
"options": [
("a", "Research articles in a peer-reviewed journal", True),
("b", "Secondary sources", False),
("c", "Books.", False),
("d", "Research reports in a conference proceedings.", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 2,
"text": "The most useful abstracting index for nursing literature is:",
"options": [
("a", "ERIC", False),
("b", "CINAHL", True),
("c", "Pubmed", False),
("d", "Psych INFO", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 3,
"text": "Which portion of the research report should capture MeSH?",
"options": [
("a", "Title", False),
("b", "Abstract", True),
("c", "Conclusion", False),
("d", "Recommendations", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 4,
"text": "In a peer-reviewed journal, the articles are published on the basis of:",
"options": [
("a", "Subjective discretion of the editors", False),
("b", "Number of authors listed", False),
("c", "Sincerity of the authors listed", False),
("d", "Comments of the reviewers", True),
],
"answer": "d"
},
{
"num": 5,
"text": "Which of the following is the criteria of primary source of literature?",
"options": [
("a", "Systematic review published in a peer reviewed journal", False),
("b", "Record based data", False),
("c", "Original articles published in a journal", True),
("d", "Meta analysis data published in a journal", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 6,
"text": "Which of the following is NOT a purpose of literature review?",
"options": [
("a", "Avoid duplication of previous studies", False),
("b", "Help researchers to copy results of previous studies", True),
("c", "Help to narrow down the topic of proposed study", False),
("d", "Facilitate researchers to discuss their results", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 7,
"text": "A critical aspect of beginning a database search for relevant literature on a topic of interest involves identifying:",
"options": [
("a", "Reference management software", False),
("b", "Electronic journals", False),
("c", "Keywords", True),
("d", "Existing knowledge", False),
],
"answer": "c"
},
{
"num": 8,
"text": "Which among the following article published in a peer reviewed journal is considered the highest level of evidence?",
"options": [
("a", "Meta analysis of RCTs", True),
("b", "Findings of Single RCT", False),
("c", "Systematic review of observational studies", False),
("d", "Expert's opinion/comment about published paper", False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
{
"num": 9,
"text": "Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the Cochrane library?",
"options": [
("a", "It provides data on RCTs", False),
("b", "It focuses only on studies in Western countries", True),
("c", "It is a collection of databases", False),
("d", "It represents the highest level of evidences for health care decision making", False),
],
"answer": "b"
},
{
"num": 10,
"text": 'Which of the following is NOT true of pubmed search using boolean operators.',
"options": [
("a", 'Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will retrieve articles that contain either "Depression" or "Therapy" or both', True),
("b", 'Search Query "Migraine OR Headache" will retrieve articles that contain either "Migraine" or "Headache"', False),
("c", 'Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will only retrieve articles that contain both terms in the content', False),
("d", 'Search query "Depression NOT Anorexia" will retrieve articles that contain the term depression but exclude the term anorexia', False),
],
"answer": "a"
},
]
})
# ─── BUILD DOCUMENT ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
for ch in chapters:
add_chapter_heading(doc, ch["title"])
doc.add_paragraph()
for q in ch["questions"]:
add_question(doc, q["num"], q["text"])
for (label, text, is_ans) in q["options"]:
add_option(doc, label, text, is_answer=is_ans)
add_answer_line(doc, q["answer"].upper())
doc.add_paragraph()
# ─── SAVE ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
output_path = "/tmp/workspace/nursing-research/Nursing_Research_MCQ_Chapters1_to_6.docx"
doc.save(output_path)
print(f"Saved: {output_path}")
python3 /tmp/workspace/nursing-research/create_mcq_ch1_6.py
python3 -c " from docx import Document doc = Document('/tmp/workspace/nursing-research/Nursing_Research_MCQ_Chapters1_to_6.docx') count = 0 for p in doc.paragraphs: if p.text.strip(): count += 1 if count <= 20: print(repr(p.text[:90])) print(f'... total non-empty paragraphs: {count}') "
Nursing Research MCQ Chapters1 to 6
Word Document · DOCX
| Chapter | Questions |
|---|---|
| Ch. 1 - Fundamentals of Nursing Research | 9 |
| Ch. 2 - Overview of Research Process | 9 |
| Ch. 3 - Ethics in Nursing Research | 10 |
| Ch. 4 - Research Problem | 10 |
| Ch. 5 - Hypothesis and Assumption | 10 |
| Ch. 6 - Literature Review | 10 |
- Chapter headings in blue bold
- Correct answer option highlighted in green bold
- Answer line in red italic bold (e.g., Answer: A)
- Arial font, clean margins throughout
Following are the questions, options, and answers for all the Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) found in the sources, organized by chapter: ### **Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Nursing Research** 1. **A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into clinical practice is a:** * a. Consumer * b. Primary investigator * c. Co-investigator * d. Collaborator **Answer: a** [1, 2] 2. **Contribution of Florence Nightingale to nursing research is:** * a. Case study approach * b. Conceptual Framework for research * c. Data collection and analysis * d. Qualitative research method **Answer: c** [1, 2] 3. **Feasibility of a research study is determined by examining:** * a. Investigator’s credibility * b. Availability of subjects * c. Importance of research problem * d. Previous research evidences **Answer: b** [1, 2] 4. **The most important contribution to research in health by Florence Nightingale was:** * a. Development of nursing theory in Notes on Nursing. * b. Compilation of data on soldiers’ morbidity and mortality. * c. Study of the best way to acquire provisions. * d. Experimenting with the wound care techniques. **Answer: b** [2] 5. **Determine which of the following statement conveys the empirical nature of research:** * a. The research is conducted in controlled situations. * b. Research has been carried out following meticulous steps. * c. The results of the research yielded favorable results. * d. The researcher was able to generalize the findings to a large group of population. **Answer: d** [2] 6. **As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reasons, except:** * a. Professional advancement * b. To validate the results of new nursing modalities. * c. For financial gains * d. To improve nursing care **Answer: c** [2] 7. **Who is the first nurse researcher?** * a. Martha Rogers * b. Dorethea Orem * c. Florence Nightingale * d. Sr. Callista Roy **Answer: c** [2] 8. **Which of the following is not the purpose of pilot study?** * a. Tool refinement * b. Fine tune the data collection process * c. Help in sample size estimation * d. Drawing final inferences **Answer: d** [2] 9. **Identify the correct sequence of data collection.** * a. Contact, Inform, Consent, Collect * b. Contact, Consent, Inform, Collect * c. Inform, Contact, Consent, Collect * d. Contact, Inform, Collect, Consent **Answer: a** [2] --- ### **Chapter 2: Overview of Research Process** 1. **In which of the following research approaches generalizing of findings is difficult?** * a. Quantitative research * b. Qualitative research * c. Mixed research * d. Methodological research **Answer: b** [3, 4] 2. **Which of the following best describes quantitative research?** * a. Collection of non-numerical data * b. Attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses * c. Research that is exploratory * d. Research that attempts to generate a new theory **Answer: b** [3, 4] 3. **A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):** * a. Categorical variable * b. Dependent variable * c. Independent variable * d. Intervening variable **Answer: c** [3, 4] 4. **Which of the followings is NOT TRUE about qualitative research?** * a. It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest * b. It relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures * c. It is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world * d. It uses the inductive scientific method **Answer: a** [3, 4] 5. **The strongest evidence for causality comes from which of the following research methods?** * a. Experimental * b. Causal-comparative * c. Correlational * d. Ethnography **Answer: a** [3, 4] 6. **In PICOT format, C stands for:** * a. Control * b. Comparison * c. Continuity * d. Comprehensive **Answer: b** [3, 4] 7. **The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?** * a. Introduction * b. Methodology * c. Data analysis * d. Discussion **Answer: b** [3, 4] 8. **In which of the following type of research, literature review should not be conducted in the beginning?** * a. Phenomenological research * b. Grounded theory research * c. Ethnographic research * d. Historical research **Answer: b** [3, 4] 9. **The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:** * a. Cost and time required to conduct the study * b. Skills required for a researcher * c. Potential ethical concerns * d. All of these **Answer: d** [4] --- ### **Chapter 3: Ethics in Nursing Research** 1. **The Nuremberg Code (ethical guidelines for conducting research) was developed as a result of:** * a. World War I * b. World War II * c. Cold War * d. Iraq-US-War **Answer: b** [5] 2. **Which one is not the fundamental guiding principle of ethics?** * a. Respect for patient and their autonomy * b. Maleficence * c. Beneficence * d. Justice **Answer: d** [5] 3. **Right to Information Act came into existence in which year?** * a. 1985 * b. 1999 * c. 2001 * d. 2005 **Answer: d** [5] 4. **Which of the following is not required in consent form?** * a. Address of researcher * b. Name of researcher * c. Phone no. of the researcher * d. Income of the researcher **Answer: d** [5] 5. **Which of the following is not eligible to become a member of IEC?** * a. Lay person * b. Philosopher * c. Member of Parliament * d. Legal expert **Answer: c** [5] 6. **What is the minimum number of members to comprise an optimum quorum for the IEC meeting?** * a. 3 * b. 4 * c. 5 * d. 7 **Answer: c** [5] 7. **Which of the following is true about ethics?** * a. Ethics do not relate to nursing * b. Ethics are always related to law of the land * c. Ethics are framed by Rajya Sabha * d. Ethics reflect our morals **Answer: d** [5] 8. **Which of the following conduct of nurses is unethical?** * a. She takes informed consent of a blind patient * b. She does not tell exact diagnosis to cancer patient * c. She also offers treatment to the control group in a drug trial * d. She keeps the subject’s information confidential **Answer: c** [5] 9. **Ethics norms are framed to fulfill which of the following?** * a. To promote values essential to collaborative work * b. To save researcher from enquiry * c. To document fabricated data * d. To save on time of researcher **Answer: a** [5] 10. **The study protocol for submission to IEC does not include which of the following?** * a. The title of study with signature of Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-investigators * b. Research objectives and rationale of study * c. Plan for statistical analysis * d. Name of the subjects/research participants **Answer: d** [5] --- ### **Chapter 4: Research Problem** 1. **PICO means ________ .** * a. Population, intervention, comparison, outcome * b. Prevalence, incidence, cohort, observation * c. Polio, influenza, chickenpox, ovulation * d. Patient, injection, catheterization, operation **Answer: a** [6, 7] 2. **Discrepancy between what is known and what ought to be known is described as:** * a. Research results * b. Research gap * c. Research objective * d. Research findings **Answer: b** [6, 7] 3. **Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?** * a. Results * b. Cause * c. Output * d. Effect **Answer: b** [6, 7] 4. **The dependent variable is:** * a. A stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher. * b. The quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problem * c. A characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the study * d. The response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand **Answer: d** [6, 7] 5. **Which of the following is TRUE?** * a. Problem statement is why study is being done * b. Research purpose is what will be examined in the study * c. Research questions provide greater focus to research * d. Research feasibility ignores the money aspect **Answer: c** [7] 6. **Which of the following is correct guideline for writing research statement of an experimental research?** * a. Independent variable first, dependent second * b. Dependent variable first, independent second * c. Use only independent variable * d. Use only dependent variable. **Answer: a** [7] 7. **Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis:** "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy." * a. Cancer patients * b. Complaints of pain * c. Pain medication use * d. Music therapy **Answer: d** [7] 8. **The initial and one of the most significant steps in conducting the research process is:** * a. Defining the research variables * b. Identifying the research problem * c. Stating the research purposes * d. Determining the feasibility of the study **Answer: b** [7] 9. **Which of the following is not the element of a research statement?** * a. Research design * b. Research instrument * c. Population * d. Time **Answer: b** [7] 10. **Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?** * a. Nursing assessment * b. Planning * c. Implementation * d. Evaluation **Answer: a** [7] --- ### **Chapter 5: Hypothesis and Assumption** 1. **A formal tentative statement about the expected relationship between two or more variables under the study is:** * a. Hypothesis * b. Variable * c. Delimitation * d. Assumption **Answer: a** [8, 9] 2. **Assumption and delimitation are identified in which stage of research process?** * a. Planning * b. Implementing * c. Writing report * d. Critiquing **Answer: a** [8, 9] 3. **Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?** * a. Deductive method * b. Inductive method * c. Hypothesis method * d. Pattern method **Answer: a** [8, 9] 4. **Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement:** "The lower the blood sugar level, the lesser is the risk of infection among diabetic patients." * a. Simple, associative * b. Simple, causal * c. Causal, null * d. Causal, directional **Answer: a** [8, 9] 5. **Identify the type of hypothesis from the following statement:** "Emotional well-being is influenced by the self-esteem, degree of social support and financial status in women breast cancer survivors." * a. Simple, research * b. Simple, directional * c. Complex, nondirectional * d. Complex, directional **Answer: c** [9] 6. **Hypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed in which type of research studies?** * a. Quantitative research studies * b. Qualitative research studies * c. Prospective cohort studies * d. Comparative studies **Answer: b** [9] 7. **Which of the following is not true for hypothesis?** * a. It is a prediction of relationship between variables * b. It is the researcher’s anticipation regarding the study * c. A hypothesis is a tentative generalization * d. It cannot be tested **Answer: d** [9] 8. **Realistic expectation which is something that we believe to be true is:** * a. Hypothesis * b. Conceptual framework * c. Assumption * d. Concepts **Answer: c** [9] 9. **Which of the following term describes the boundaries that the researcher has set for the study?** * a. Assumption * b. Hypothesis * c. Conceptual framework * d. Delimitation **Answer: d** [9] 10. **Which of the following term describes the shortcomings of research that is found at the end of the research process?** * a. Demerits * b. Critique * c. Limitation * d. Delimitation **Answer: c** [9] --- ### **Chapter 6: Literature Review** 1. **Which of the following is considered to be the highest quality type of literature?** * a. Research articles in a peer-reviewed journal * b. Secondary sources * c. Books. * d. Research reports in a conference proceedings. **Answer: a** [10, 11] 2. **The most useful abstracting index for nursing literature is:** * a. ERIC * b. CINAHL * c. Pubmed * d. Psych INFO **Answer: b** [10, 11] 3. **Which portion of the research report should capture MeSH?** * a. Title * b. Abstract * c. Conclusion * d. Recommendations **Answer: b** [10, 11] 4. **In a peer-reviewed journal, the articles are published on the basis of:** * a. Subjective discretion of the editors * b. Number of authors listed * c. Sincerity of the authors listed * d. Comments of the reviewers **Answer: d** [10, 11] 5. **Which of the following is the criteria of primary source of literature?** * a. Systematic review published in a peer reviewed journal * b. Record based data * c. Original articles published in a journal * d. Meta analysis data published in a journal **Answer: c** [10, 11] 6. **Which of the following is NOT a purpose of literature review?** * a. Avoid duplication of previous studies * b. Help researchers to copy results of previous studies * c. Help to narrow down the topic of proposed study * d. Facilitate researchers to discuss their results **Answer: b** [10, 11] 7. **A critical aspect of beginning a database search for relevant literature on a topic of interest involves identifying:** * a. Reference management software * b. Electronic journals * c. Keywords * d. Existing knowledge **Answer: c** [10, 11] 8. **Which among the following article published in a peer reviewed journal is considered the highest level of evidence?** * a. Meta analysis of RCTs * b. Findings of Single RCT * c. Systematic review of observational studies * d. Expert’s opinion/comment about published paper **Answer: a** [10, 11] 9. **Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the Cochrane library?** * a. It provides data on RCTs * b. It focuses only on studies in Western countries * c. It is a collection of databases * d. It represents the highest level of evidences for health care decision making **Answer: b** [10, 11] 10. **Which of the following is NOT true of pubmed search using boolean operators.** * a. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will retrieve articles that contain either "Depression" or "Therapy" or both * b. Search Query "Migraine OR Headache" will retrieve articles that contain either "Migraine" or "Headache" * c. Search query "Depression AND Therapy" will only retrieve articles that contain both terms in the content * d. Add this chapter 1 to chapter 6 in word documnet
Nursing Research MCQ Chapters1 to 6
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Note on Chapter 6, Q10: The source material had option d cut off (it was left blank in the original). The document reflects this as provided - the answer is marked as A.