Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import PageBreak

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/forensic-notes/Medical_Jurisprudence_KSNarayanaReddy.pdf"

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
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    topMargin=2.2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm,
    title="Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology Notes",
    author="K.S. Narayana Reddy - Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 36th Ed."
)

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# ── Custom Styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# ── Helper ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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def add_h2(text, story):
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# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []

# ── COVER PAGE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(Spacer(1, 3*cm))
story.append(Paragraph("Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology", cover_title))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
story.append(HRFlowable(width="70%", thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor("#2e6da4"),
                        hAlign="CENTER", spaceAfter=12))
story.append(Paragraph("Study Notes", cover_sub))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.6*cm))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Based on: <b>K.S. Narayana Reddy</b><br/>"
    "The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology<br/>"
    "36th Edition (2026)", cover_source))
story.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm))

topics = [
    "1. Definition &amp; Historical Background of Medical Jurisprudence",
    "2. Important Terminologies",
    "3. Classification of Poisons",
    "4. Characteristics of Ideal Homicidal &amp; Suicidal Poison",
]
for t in topics:
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story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 1 – DEFINITION & HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_h1("1. DEFINITION &amp; HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE", story)

add_h2("A. Key Definitions", story)
add_hr(story)

defs = [
    ("<b>Forensic Medicine</b>",
     "Deals with the application of medical and paramedical knowledge to aid in the "
     "administration of justice. Used by legal authorities for solution of legal problems "
     "(injuries, murder, suicide, accidents, sexual offences, poisoning, etc.). "
     "In short — deals with <b>medical aspects of law</b>."),
    ("<b>Medical Jurisprudence</b><br/><i>(juris = law; Prudentia = knowledge)</i>",
     "Deals with the <b>legal responsibilities of the physician</b> — medical negligence, "
     "consent, rights and duties of doctors, serious professional misconduct, medical ethics, etc. "
     "In short — deals with <b>legal aspects of practice of medicine</b>."),
    ("<b>Clinical Forensic Medicine</b>",
     "Medicolegal aspects of examination of living human beings caused by or associated "
     "with all types of violence and other cases where legal problems are involved."),
    ("<b>State Medicine</b>",
     "Deals with legal aspects of practice of medicine, regulating professional activities, "
     "standard and uniformity of medical education, and health requirements of the community."),
    ("<b>Forensic Pathology</b>",
     "Study and application of the effects of violence or unnatural disease on the human body; "
     "determines cause and manner of death in violent, suspicious, unexplained, sudden and "
     "medically unattended deaths."),
    ("<b>Medical Ethics</b>",
     "Moral principles guiding members of the medical profession in dealings with each other, "
     "patients, and the State."),
    ("<b>Medical Etiquette</b>",
     "Conventional laws of courtesy observed between members of the medical profession."),
]
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add_space(story)
add_h2("B. Historical Background of Forensic Medicine", story)
add_hr(story)
add_body("Medicine and law have been related from the earliest times. The bonds which united them were religion, superstition and magic.", story)
add_space(story, 0.2)

hist_rows = [
    ["~3000 BC", "Menes Pharohs I (Egypt) studied poisons. Charaka Samhita (7th c. BC) — elaborate code for physician duties; detailed descriptions of poisons."],
    ["4000–3000 BC", "Law-medicine records in Egypt, Sumer, Babylon, India, China. Chinese Materia Medica (~3000 BC) gives information on poisons."],
    ["27th c. BC", "Imhotep (Grand Vizir, Chief Justice and Chief Physician of King Zoser of Egypt) — enacted rules for medical practice brought under law."],
    ["~2200 BC", "Code of Hammurabi (King of Babylon) — oldest known medicolegal Code."],
    ["3000–1000 BC", "Rig Veda and other Vedas — mentions crimes (murder, incest, adultery, drunkenness) and punishments."],
    ["4th c. BC", "Manu Smriti — laws on sexual and other offences; recognized mental incapacity due to intoxication, illness and age."],
    ["4th–3rd c. BC", "Artha Shastra of Kautilya — defined penal laws, regulated medical practice, mentions examination of dead bodies in unnatural deaths."],
    ["460–377 BC", "Hippocrates — 'Father of Western Medicine'; discussed lethality of wounds; greatest contribution to medical ethics."],
    ["~300 BC", "Rabbis of Rabbinical Court sought medical expert aid. Greek and Roman jurists collaborated in developing forensic medicine principles."],
    ["200–300 AD", "Sushruta (Father of Indian Surgery) — Sushruta Samhita: classified wounds, fractures, poisons and snakes; described modes of poison administration."],
    ["6th c. AD", "Justinian Code (Roman Emperor) — regulated medical practice and established function of medical expert for legal procedure."],
    ["1302 AD", "First medicolegal autopsy — Bologna, Italy, by Bartolomeo Da Varginana."],
    ["1507 AD", "Bishop of Bamberg proclaimed a penal code where medical evidence was a necessity in certain cases."],
    ["1553 AD", "Caroline Code (Germany, Emperor Charles V) — expert medical testimony became a requirement in cases of murder, wounding, poisoning, hanging, drowning, infanticide, and abortion."],
    ["1602 AD", "First book on Forensic Medicine published by Italian physician Fortunato Fedele."],
    ["1621–1666 AD", "Paulus Zacchias — 'Quaestiones Medico-legales' (9 volumes). Father of Legal Medicine and Father of Forensic Psychiatry."],
    ["18th c.", "Professorships in legal medicine founded in Germany. Orfila (1787–1853) — introduced precise chemical methods into toxicology; Founder of Modern Toxicology."],
    ["1843 AD", "Criminal responsibility of insane persons established in England — McNaughten's Case."],
    ["1860 AD", "Indian Penal Code gazetted under British rule — definitions of offences and punishments."],
]
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story.append(t)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 2 – IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_h1("2. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES", story)
add_hr(story)

terms = [
    ("<b>Toxicology</b>",
     "Science dealing with properties, actions, toxicity, fatal dose, detection and estimation of, "
     "interpretation of results of toxicological analysis, and treatment of poisons."),
    ("<b>Forensic Toxicology</b>",
     "Deals with the <b>medical and legal aspects</b> of the harmful effects of chemicals on human beings."),
    ("<b>Clinical Toxicology</b>",
     "Deals with human diseases caused by, or associated with, abnormal exposure to chemical substances."),
    ("<b>Toxinology</b>",
     "Refers to toxins produced by living organisms which are dangerous to man — e.g., poisonous plants, "
     "venom of snakes, spiders, bees, bacterial and fungal toxins."),
    ("<b>Poison</b>",
     "A substance (solid, liquid or gaseous) which, if introduced in the living body or brought into "
     "contact with any part thereof, will produce ill-health or death by its constitutional or local effects or both."),
    ("<b>Pharmacokinetics</b>",
     "Study of action of a drug in the body over time — including absorption, distribution, localization "
     "in tissues, biotransformation and excretion."),
    ("<b>Pharmacodynamics</b>",
     "The action of drugs on living organisms."),
    ("<b>Fatal Dose</b>",
     "The minimum quantity of a poison sufficient to cause death."),
    ("<b>Lethal Dose (LD50)</b>",
     "The dose that kills 50% of an experimental population."),
    ("<b>Antidote</b>",
     "A substance that counteracts or neutralizes the effect of a poison."),
    ("<b>Stupefying Poison</b>",
     "A poison that causes stupor or unconsciousness, e.g., Datura, Cannabis indica, Chloral hydrate."),
]
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    story.append(Spacer(1, 0.08*cm))

add_space(story)
add_note(
    "⚠ NOTE: The definition of poison is vague and unsatisfactory because: "
    "(1) A substance harmless in small quantities may act as a poison in large amounts, and "
    "(2) Bacterial toxins are not regarded as poisons in the ordinary sense of the term.",
    story
)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 3 – CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_h1("3. CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS", story)
add_body("Poisons may be classified according to the chief symptoms which they produce.", story)

add_h2("A. Based on Chemical Origin", story)
add_hr(story)
class_a = [
    ["Inorganic Poisons",
     "Mineral acids (H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃), metallic poisons (arsenic, lead, mercury), gases (CO, CO₂)"],
    ["Organic Poisons",
     "Vegetable alkaloids (opium, strychnine, aconite), animal poisons (snake venom), synthetic organic compounds"],
]
t = make_table(
    [Paragraph("<b>Category</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white)),
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story.append(t)
add_space(story)

add_h2("B. Based on Mode of Action (Medico-legal Classification)", story)
add_hr(story)

mode_rows = [
    ["1. Corrosives",
     "Fix, destroy and erode surfaces; extract water from tissues, coagulate cellular proteins, convert Hb to hematin.",
     "• Inorganic acids: H₂SO₄, HNO₃, HCl\n• Organic acids: Oxalic acid, Carbolic acid\n• Alkalis: Caustic soda, Caustic potash, Ammonia"],
    ["2. Irritants",
     "Cause irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes.",
     "• Inorganic: Arsenic, Copper sulfate, Zinc sulfate\n• Organic/Vegetable: Castor seeds (ricin), Croton oil, Calotropis, Dhatura, Colchicum\n• Animal: Cantharides, Snake venom"],
    ["3. Spinal/Peripheral Nerve Poisons (Convulsants)",
     "Act primarily on the spinal cord and peripheral nerves; cause tetanic convulsions.",
     "Strychnine (Nux vomica), Brucine"],
    ["4. Cerebral/Deliriant Poisons",
     "Act on the brain causing delirium, hallucinations, or coma.",
     "Datura (Belladonna), Cannabis, Alcohol, Chloroform, Cocaine"],
    ["5. Somniferous/Narcotic Poisons",
     "Act on the brain causing narcosis or deep sleep.",
     "Opium, Morphine, Barbiturates, Chloral hydrate"],
    ["6. Cardiac Poisons",
     "Act primarily on the heart.",
     "Aconite, Digitalis, Tobacco, Oleander (Nerium)"],
    ["7. Asphyxiants/Gaseous Poisons",
     "Cause death by preventing oxygen supply.",
     "Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)"],
]
mode_data = [
    [Paragraph("<b>Type</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Mechanism</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white)),
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]
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t = Table(mode_data, colWidths=[4*cm, 6*cm, 6.5*cm], repeatRows=1)
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story.append(t)
add_space(story)

add_h2("C. Based on Medico-legal Purpose of Use", story)
add_hr(story)
ml_rows = [
    ["1. Homicidal",    "Arsenic, Aconite, Thallium, Organic fluorine compounds"],
    ["2. Suicidal",     "Organophosphorus compounds, Aluminum phosphide, Endrin, Opium, Barbiturates"],
    ["3. Stupefying",   "Datura, Cannabis indica, Chloral hydrate"],
    ["4. Abortifacient","Calotropis, Oleanders, Aconite, Croton, Ergot, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, KMnO₄"],
    ["5. Accidental",   "Household poisons, OPs, Household chemicals, Rat poisons"],
    ["6. Arrow poisons","Abrus precatorius, Aconite, Strychnine, Curare, Snake venom"],
    ["7. Aphrodisiacs", "Cantharides, Cocaine, Cannabis, Strychnine"],
]
t = make_table(
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)
story.append(t)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 4 – IDEAL HOMICIDAL & SUICIDAL POISON
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
add_h1("4. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL HOMICIDAL &amp; SUICIDAL POISON", story)

# ── Homicidal ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_h2("A. Ideal Homicidal Poison", story)
add_hr(story)
add_body("An ideal homicidal poison should have the following characteristics:", story)

hom_items = [
    "<b>Cheap</b> — easily affordable",
    "<b>Easily available</b> — can be procured without suspicion",
    "<b>Colorless, odorless and tasteless</b> — cannot be detected by the victim",
    "<b>Capable of being administered</b> in food, drink or medicine without producing any obvious change to prevent suspicion",
    "<b>Highly toxic</b> — effective even in small doses",
    "<b>Signs and symptoms should resemble a natural disease</b>, OR the serious ill-effects should be <b>delayed sufficiently long</b> for the accused to escape suspicion",
    "<b>No antidote should exist</b>",
    "<b>Should not produce any postmortem changes</b>",
    "<b>Should not be detected</b> by chemical tests or other methods",
    "<b>Must be rapidly destroyed or made undetectable</b> in the body",
]
for i, item in enumerate(hom_items, 1):
    story.append(Paragraph(
        f"({i}) {item}",
        ParagraphStyle("num", parent=styles["Normal"],
            fontSize=10, leading=14, leftIndent=16, spaceAfter=3)
    ))

add_space(story, 0.3)
add_note(
    "✓ EXAMPLES: Organic compounds of fluorine (used as rodenticides) and Thallium satisfy "
    "several of the above criteria. <b>Arsenic and Aconite</b> are the most commonly used "
    "homicidal poisons in India.",
    story
)

add_space(story)
# ── Suicidal ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_h2("B. Ideal Suicidal Poison", story)
add_hr(story)
add_body("An ideal suicidal poison should have the following characteristics:", story)

sui_items = [
    "<b>Cheap</b> — easily affordable",
    "<b>Easily available</b>",
    "<b>Highly toxic</b> — effective in available doses",
    "<b>Tasteless or of pleasant taste</b> — easy to consume",
    "<b>Capable of being easily taken</b> in food or drink",
    "<b>Capable of producing painless death</b>",
]
for i, item in enumerate(sui_items, 1):
    story.append(Paragraph(
        f"({i}) {item}",
        ParagraphStyle("num", parent=styles["Normal"],
            fontSize=10, leading=14, leftIndent=16, spaceAfter=3)
    ))

add_space(story, 0.3)
add_note(
    "✓ EXAMPLES: Opium and Barbiturates satisfy several of the above criteria. "
    "<b>Organophosphorus compounds, Aluminum phosphide and Endrin</b> are the most "
    "commonly used suicidal poisons in India.",
    story
)

add_space(story)

# ── Comparison Table ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
add_h3("Comparison: Ideal Homicidal vs. Ideal Suicidal Poison", story)
comp_rows = [
    ["Cheap", "✓", "✓"],
    ["Easily available", "✓", "✓"],
    ["Colorless, odorless, tasteless", "✓", "Tasteless/pleasant taste"],
    ["Highly toxic", "✓", "✓"],
    ["Mimics natural disease", "✓ (Essential)", "Not required"],
    ["No antidote", "✓ (Essential)", "Not specifically required"],
    ["No postmortem changes", "✓ (Essential)", "Not specifically required"],
    ["Undetectable chemically", "✓ (Essential)", "Not specifically required"],
    ["Painless death", "Not required", "✓ (Essential)"],
    ["Common examples (India)", "Arsenic, Aconite", "OPs, AlPO₄, Endrin"],
]
t = make_table(
    [Paragraph("<b>Feature</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Homicidal Poison</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white)),
     Paragraph("<b>Suicidal Poison</b>", ParagraphStyle("th", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.white))],
    [[Paragraph(r[0], ParagraphStyle("td", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, leading=12)),
      Paragraph(r[1], ParagraphStyle("td", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, leading=12, textColor=colors.HexColor("#155724"))),
      Paragraph(r[2], ParagraphStyle("td", parent=styles["Normal"], fontSize=9, leading=12, textColor=colors.HexColor("#155724")))] for r in comp_rows],
    col_widths=[6*cm, 5.5*cm, 5*cm]
)
story.append(t)

add_space(story, 1)
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.8,
                        color=colors.HexColor("#1a3a5c"), spaceAfter=6))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Source: K.S. Narayana Reddy — The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026)",
    footer_style
))

# ── Build ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def add_page_number(canvas, doc):
    canvas.saveState()
    canvas.setFont("Helvetica", 8)
    canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor("#888888"))
    page_num = canvas.getPageNumber()
    canvas.drawRightString(A4[0] - 2*cm, 1.2*cm, f"Page {page_num}")
    canvas.drawString(2*cm, 1.2*cm, "Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology | K.S. Narayana Reddy 36th Ed.")
    canvas.restoreState()

doc.build(story, onFirstPage=add_page_number, onLaterPages=add_page_number)
print("PDF generated successfully:", OUTPUT)