Dpt and pentavalant vaccine route and dose and shedule
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DPT and Pentavalent Vaccine - Route, Dose, and Schedule
DPT Vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus)
DPT is a combined toxoid/killed whole-cell vaccine. Under India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), the primary DPT series has been replaced by Pentavalent vaccine, but DPT continues for booster doses.
| Dose | When to Give | Dose Volume | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPT Booster-1 | 16-24 months (after completing pentavalent primary series) | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular (IM) | Antero-lateral mid-thigh |
| DPT Booster-2 | 5-6 years | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular (IM) | Upper arm |
Key point: DPT primary doses (1st, 2nd, 3rd) at 6, 10, 14 weeks have been replaced by Pentavalent vaccine. DPT is now used only for booster doses.
Pentavalent Vaccine (DPT + Hepatitis B + Hib)
Protects against 5 diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
| Dose | When to Give | Dose Volume | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pentavalent-1 | 6 weeks | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular (IM) | Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh |
| Pentavalent-2 | 10 weeks | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular (IM) | Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh |
| Pentavalent-3 | 14 weeks | 0.5 ml | Intramuscular (IM) | Antero-lateral side of mid-thigh |
Can be given until 1 year of age if missed at the scheduled time.
Key Points
- Form: The UIP pentavalent vaccine comes in liquid form in a vial; no reconstitution needed.
- Syringe: Administered using an auto-disabled syringe.
- Storage: Freeze-sensitive - must be stored at 2-8°C (do NOT freeze).
- Hepatitis B birth dose continues: Even after pentavalent is introduced, the birth dose of Hep B (0.5 ml IM within 24 hours) is still given separately.
- Catch-up rule: If a child misses a dose, pick up from where the schedule was left off - do NOT restart. Example: if Pentavalent-2 was missed, give Pentavalent-2 and continue to Pentavalent-3.
- Side effects: Pain/redness at injection site, mild fever, irritability (common); high fever >39.5°C or febrile seizures (rare).
Complete Infant Schedule Summary (NIS India 2020)
| Vaccine | Age | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hep B birth dose | At birth (within 24 hrs) | 0.5 ml | IM - mid-thigh |
| OPV-0 | At birth (within 15 days) | 2 drops | Oral |
| Pentavalent 1 | 6 weeks | 0.5 ml | IM - mid-thigh |
| OPV-1 | 6 weeks | 2 drops | Oral |
| Pentavalent 2 | 10 weeks | 0.5 ml | IM - mid-thigh |
| OPV-2 | 10 weeks | 2 drops | Oral |
| Pentavalent 3 | 14 weeks | 0.5 ml | IM - mid-thigh |
| OPV-3 | 14 weeks | 2 drops | Oral |
| DPT Booster-1 | 16-24 months | 0.5 ml | IM |
| DPT Booster-2 | 5-6 years | 0.5 ml | IM |
Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, National Immunization Schedule (NIS) India 2020, Table 43
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