Outline the application of 3D printing in surgery. -from standard literature like sabiston/bailey , if possible in an easy memorable format/Table in a downloadable one page pdf/image.
Reading File
Finding Sources
Searching the Web
3D printing surgery applications Sabiston Bailey surgical textbook overview
Finding Sources
Reading File
Finding Sources
Reading File
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Reading File
Reading File
Running Command
mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/3d-printing-surgery && ls /tmp/workspace/3d-printing-surgery/
Writing File
~/3d-printing-surgery/create_pdf.py
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4, landscape
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle, Paragraph, Spacer, HRFlowable
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import KeepTogether
# Output path
OUTPUT = "/tmp/workspace/3d-printing-surgery/3D_Printing_in_Surgery.pdf"
# Page setup - landscape A4 for better table width
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
OUTPUT,
pagesize=landscape(A4),
rightMargin=1.2*cm,
leftMargin=1.2*cm,
topMargin=1.0*cm,
bottomMargin=0.8*cm
)
# Color palette
HEADER_BG = colors.HexColor('#1a3c5e') # Deep navy
SUBHEAD_BG = colors.HexColor('#2980b9') # Bright blue
ROW_EVEN = colors.HexColor('#eaf4fb') # Light blue
ROW_ODD = colors.white
ACCENT1 = colors.HexColor('#e74c3c') # Red-orange
ACCENT2 = colors.HexColor('#27ae60') # Green
ACCENT3 = colors.HexColor('#8e44ad') # Purple
ACCENT4 = colors.HexColor('#e67e22') # Orange
ACCENT5 = colors.HexColor('#16a085') # Teal
ACCENT6 = colors.HexColor('#2c3e50') # Dark slate
TEXT_DARK = colors.HexColor('#1c1c1c')
CAT_COLORS = [ACCENT1, ACCENT2, ACCENT3, ACCENT4, ACCENT5, ACCENT6]
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
title_style = ParagraphStyle(
'title', fontSize=18, fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2
)
subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle(
'subtitle', fontSize=9, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',
textColor=colors.HexColor('#d0e8f5'), alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=0
)
cell_style = ParagraphStyle(
'cell', fontSize=7.8, fontName='Helvetica',
textColor=TEXT_DARK, alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=10, spaceAfter=0
)
bold_cell = ParagraphStyle(
'bold_cell', fontSize=8.2, fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
textColor=TEXT_DARK, alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=10, spaceAfter=0
)
cat_style = ParagraphStyle(
'cat', fontSize=8.5, fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=11, spaceAfter=0
)
col_header_style = ParagraphStyle(
'col_header', fontSize=8.5, fontName='Helvetica-Bold',
textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=11, spaceAfter=0
)
footer_style = ParagraphStyle(
'footer', fontSize=6.5, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique',
textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'), alignment=TA_CENTER
)
def P(text, style=cell_style):
return Paragraph(text, style)
# ---- TABLE DATA ----
# Columns: Category | Applications | Surgical Specialties | Key Benefit | Example / Source Note
col_headers = [
P("CATEGORY", col_header_style),
P("MAIN APPLICATIONS", col_header_style),
P("SURGICAL SPECIALTIES", col_header_style),
P("KEY BENEFIT", col_header_style),
P("TEXTBOOK REFERENCE / NOTES", col_header_style),
]
rows_data = [
# ---- Pre-operative Planning ----
[
P("PRE-OP\nPLANNING", cat_style),
P("• Patient-specific anatomical models from CT/MRI\n• Virtual surgical planning (VSP)\n• Practice surgery on printed bone models\n• Pre-contouring / pre-bending implants & plates", cell_style),
P("Orthopaedics, Maxillofacial,\nCardiac, Urology, Spine,\nTrauma, Vascular", cell_style),
P("Reduces OR time; improves accuracy of bone-bone contact & occlusion; decreases intraoperative surprises", cell_style),
P("Sabiston 22e – Ch.15 (Surgical Technology)\nRockwood & Green 10e – Templating & PSI\nBailey & Love 28e – Osteotomies (hip planning)", cell_style),
],
# ---- Simulation & Education ----
[
P("EDUCATION &\nSIMULATION", cat_style),
P("• Task trainers & phantom models for surgical training\n• Haptic feedback simulators\n• Patient education models\n• Cheaper than cadaveric models", cell_style),
P("All surgical specialties;\nResidency training programs,\nMedical schools", cell_style),
P("Safe 'learn without harming' environment; improves procedural speed, checklist scores, and trainee confidence", cell_style),
P("Sabiston 22e – Simulation Background & History (Ch.6)\nMiller's Anesthesia 10e – 3D Printing as training/simulation tool\nBrogdon's Forensic Radiology – Rapid Prototyping in clinical medicine", cell_style),
],
# ---- Custom Implants & Prostheses ----
[
P("CUSTOM IMPLANTS\n& PROSTHESES", cat_style),
P("• Patient-specific implants (PSI) for craniofacial defects\n• Titanium porous cementless femoral stems\n• Orbital floor reconstruction molds\n• Tracheal/airway stents\n• Mandibular reconstruction plates with cutting guides", cell_style),
P("Orthopaedics, Craniofacial,\nMaxillofacial, Head & Neck\nOncology, Thoracic", cell_style),
P("Perfect anatomical fit; promotes bone ingrowth (porous Ti); restores form & function post-tumour/trauma resection", cell_style),
P("Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics 15e – Porous Ti cementless stems\nRockwood & Green 10e – Patient-specific implants (Ch.4)\nSabiston 22e – VSP for mandibular reconstruction (Fig. 34.30)", cell_style),
],
# ---- Surgical Guides & Instruments ----
[
P("SURGICAL GUIDES\n& INSTRUMENTS", cat_style),
P("• Patient-specific cutting guides (osteotomy, spine pedicle screws)\n• Drill guides for accurate screw placement\n• Mandibular osteotomy guides\n• Custom jigs for complex reconstructions", cell_style),
P("Spine Surgery, Orthopaedics,\nMaxillofacial, Craniofacial,\nOral Surgery", cell_style),
P("Higher precision vs. free-hand technique; reduces fluoroscopy exposure; shortens learning curve for complex anatomy", cell_style),
P("Rockwood & Green 10e – Pedicle screw placement simulators\nScott-Brown's ORL HNS – Surgical guide design & simulation\nSabiston 22e – 3D-printed scaffolds & guides", cell_style),
],
# ---- Tissue Engineering & Bioprinting ----
[
P("TISSUE ENGINEERING\n& BIOPRINTING", cat_style),
P("• Bioprinting cells onto scaffolds in bioreactors\n• 3D-printed wound scaffolds (drug/gene delivery)\n• Auricular & cartilage reconstruction scaffolds\n• Bioartificial organ development (early stage)\n• Skin substitutes with vascular channels", cell_style),
P("Reconstructive, Burns,\nTransplant, ENT (auricular),\nVascular, Wound Care", cell_style),
P("Patient-specific scaffold geometry; controlled drug/oxygen release; recapitulates native tissue architecture; potential organ replacement", cell_style),
P("Sabiston 22e – Bioartificial Organs (Ch.49); New Horizons wound ch.\nCummings Otolaryngology – Auricular reconstruction (Ch.195)\nDermatology 5e – Bioengineered skin\nKidney (Brenner) – Vascular bioprinting", cell_style),
],
# ---- Cardiac & Vascular ----
[
P("CARDIAC &\nVASCULAR", cat_style),
P("• 3D heart models from cardiac CT/CMR\n• Congenital heart defect planning (ASD/VSD closure)\n• Mitral valve disease simulation\n• Catheter/endovascular procedure planning\n• AVM resection planning (neurovascular)", cell_style),
P("Cardiac Surgery, Interventional\nCardiology, Vascular Surgery,\nNeurosurgery", cell_style),
P("Defines surgical vs. catheter approach; optimises closure technique; guides complex congenital repairs; improves procedural safety", cell_style),
P("Fuster & Hurst's The Heart 15e – 3D Printing & VR (Ch.18, 19)\nAST Review (BioMed Res Int 2022) – CHD & mitral valve disease\nAnn Transl Med – AVM resection planning", cell_style),
],
]
# Add mnemonic row at bottom
mnemonic_data = [
[
Paragraph(
"<b>Mnemonic — \"P-E-I-G-T-C\"</b> (Remember: <i>\"Please Every Impractical Guide To Clarity\"</i>):<br/>"
" <b>P</b>re-op Planning | <b>E</b>ducation | <b>I</b>mplants & Prostheses | <b>G</b>uides & Instruments | <b>T</b>issue Engineering / Bioprinting | <b>C</b>ardiac & Vascular",
ParagraphStyle('mnem', fontSize=7.8, fontName='Helvetica', textColor=HEADER_BG, alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=11)
)
]
]
# ---- Build main table ----
col_widths = [2.8*cm, 6.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 5.0*cm, 6.5*cm]
# Header row
header_row = [
Paragraph("<b>3D PRINTING IN SURGERY</b>",
ParagraphStyle('th', fontSize=9, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=colors.white, alignment=TA_CENTER)),
P("MAIN APPLICATIONS", col_header_style),
P("SURGICAL SPECIALTIES", col_header_style),
P("KEY BENEFIT", col_header_style),
P("TEXTBOOK REFERENCE / NOTES", col_header_style),
]
all_rows = [col_headers] + rows_data
table = Table(all_rows, colWidths=col_widths, repeatRows=1)
# Build style commands
style_cmds = [
# Grid
('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor('#aac8e0')),
('BOX', (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.2, HEADER_BG),
# Column header row
('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), HEADER_BG),
('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,0), 8.5),
('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,0), 'CENTER'),
('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,0), 'MIDDLE'),
('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,0), 5),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,0), 5),
# Data rows - alternating
('VALIGN', (0,1), (-1,-1), 'MIDDLE'),
('TOPPADDING', (0,1), (-1,-1), 4),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,1), (-1,-1), 4),
('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
]
# Category column colors
for i, row_idx in enumerate(range(1, len(all_rows))):
# Category cell
style_cmds.append(('BACKGROUND', (0, row_idx), (0, row_idx), CAT_COLORS[i]))
style_cmds.append(('ALIGN', (0, row_idx), (0, row_idx), 'CENTER'))
style_cmds.append(('VALIGN', (0, row_idx), (0, row_idx), 'MIDDLE'))
# Alternate row bg for other cols
bg = ROW_EVEN if i % 2 == 0 else ROW_ODD
style_cmds.append(('BACKGROUND', (1, row_idx), (-1, row_idx), bg))
table.setStyle(TableStyle(style_cmds))
# Mnemonic table (full width)
mnem_table = Table(mnemonic_data, colWidths=[sum(col_widths)])
mnem_table.setStyle(TableStyle([
('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor('#d6eaf8')),
('BOX', (0,0), (-1,-1), 1.0, HEADER_BG),
('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
]))
# ---- Title banner ----
def draw_header(canvas, doc):
canvas.saveState()
w, h = landscape(A4)
# Background banner
canvas.setFillColor(HEADER_BG)
canvas.rect(0, h - 2.1*cm, w, 2.1*cm, fill=1, stroke=0)
# Title
canvas.setFillColor(colors.white)
canvas.setFont('Helvetica-Bold', 16)
canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, h - 1.25*cm, "3D PRINTING IN SURGERY")
canvas.setFont('Helvetica-Oblique', 8.5)
canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor('#a8d4f0'))
canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, h - 1.75*cm,
"A Structured Overview | Sources: Sabiston 22e • Bailey & Love 28e • Rockwood & Green 10e • Campbell's 15e • Fuster's Heart 15e • Miller's Anesthesia 10e")
# Footer
canvas.setFillColor(colors.HexColor('#888888'))
canvas.setFont('Helvetica-Oblique', 6.2)
canvas.drawCentredString(w/2, 0.45*cm,
"For educational use only. Clinical decisions must be based on current guidelines and individual patient assessment.")
canvas.restoreState()
# ---- Assemble ----
story = [
Spacer(1, 2.2*cm), # space for header banner
table,
Spacer(1, 0.25*cm),
mnem_table,
]
doc.build(story, onFirstPage=draw_header, onLaterPages=draw_header)
print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")
Running Command
cd /tmp/workspace/3d-printing-surgery && python create_pdf.py 2>&1
PDF created successfully. Here is the complete answer:
3D Printing in Surgery - One-Page Reference PDF
3D Printing in Surgery
PDF Document · PDF
What's in the PDF
A landscape A4 one-page colour-coded table structured around 6 categories (mnemonic at the bottom), drawn from Sabiston, Bailey & Love, Rockwood & Green, Campbell's, Fuster's Heart, and Miller's Anesthesia:
| # | Category | Key Applications | Main Specialties | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | Pre-op Planning | Patient-specific CT/MRI models, virtual surgical planning (VSP), practice surgery on printed bones, pre-bending implants | Orthopaedics, Maxillofacial, Cardiac, Trauma | Sabiston 22e Ch.15; Rockwood & Green 10e; Bailey & Love 28e |
| E | Education & Simulation | Task trainers, haptic phantom models, patient education, cheaper than cadavers | All surgical specialties, residency programs | Sabiston 22e Ch.6; Miller's Anesthesia 10e; Brogdon's Forensic Radiology |
| I | Implants & Prostheses | Craniofacial defect implants, porous Ti femoral stems, orbital floor moulds, tracheal stents, mandibular plates + cutting guides | Orthopaedics, Craniofacial, Head & Neck Oncology, Thoracic | Campbell's 15e; Rockwood & Green 10e; Sabiston 22e (VSP/mandible Fig. 34.30) |
| G | Surgical Guides & Instruments | Patient-specific cutting/drill guides, osteotomy guides, pedicle screw jigs | Spine, Orthopaedics, Maxillofacial, Oral Surgery | Rockwood & Green 10e; Scott-Brown's ORL H&NS; Sabiston 22e |
| T | Tissue Engineering & Bioprinting | Bioprinting cells on scaffolds, wound scaffolds with drug delivery, auricular cartilage, bioartificial organs (early), vascularised skin | Reconstructive, Burns, Transplant, ENT, Wound Care | Sabiston 22e Ch.49/50; Cummings Otolaryngology; Brenner's Kidney |
| C | Cardiac & Vascular | 3D heart models from cardiac CT/CMR, congenital heart defect (ASD/VSD) planning, catheter procedure planning, AVM resection | Cardiac Surgery, Interventional Cardiology, Vascular, Neurosurgery | Fuster's Heart 15e Ch.18-19; AST Review (BioMed Res Int 2022) |
Mnemonic: P-E-I-G-T-C → "Please Every Impractical Guide To Clarity"
Key point from Sabiston: 3D printing is grouped under "Evolving Technologies in Surgery" alongside AI and augmented reality. Its main current roles are pre-operative planning, surgical simulation, and custom implants - with bioprinting still in early-stage research.
This is a shared conversation. Sign in to Orris to start your own chat.