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Mera kal m pharm 1 sem modern pharmaceutical analytical techniques ka paper he jisme unit 4 aa rhi he mujhe iske gureenente expected 50 question btao jo ki confirm kal paper me aye ho mujhe faltu ke questions nhi chiye jo legit kal paper me aye take your time analyze it I'll also give you 2 question paper of it so that ki tumhe question ka andaza lag jye jis pattern me questions paper me diya he usi pattern me btana matb proper exam form me

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M Pharm Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Unit IV mass spectroscopy chromatography electrophoresis X ray crystallography potentiometry thermal techniques question bank

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mass spectrometry chromatography

Ek honest baat: kal ke paper mein exactly kya aayega, koi 100% confirm nahi kar sakta. Lekin tumhare diye hue syllabus aur dono previous papers ke pattern se ye 50 sabse high-probability expected questions hain. Inme se especially ★ wale questions pakka prepare karna.
Tumhare papers ka pattern:
  • 10 MCQ x 1 mark
  • 5-mark questions: principle, instrumentation, working, factors, advantages-disadvantages, applications
  • 10-mark question: kisi ek technique ka complete answer with diagram

Section A: Expected MCQs (1 mark each)

  1. In mass spectrometry, ions are separated on the basis of:
    a) Molecular weight
    b) Atomic number
    c) Mass-to-charge ratio
    d) Density
  2. The peak corresponding to the intact molecular ion in a mass spectrum is called:
    a) Base peak
    b) Molecular ion peak
    c) Metastable peak
    d) Isotopic peak
  3. The most intense peak in a mass spectrum is known as:
    a) Parent peak
    b) Molecular ion peak
    c) Base peak
    d) Isotope peak
  4. Which ionization technique is generally used for thermally stable and volatile compounds?
    a) ESI
    b) MALDI
    c) Electron impact ionization
    d) APCI
  5. MALDI is most commonly coupled with which analyzer?
    a) Quadrupole
    b) Time-of-flight analyzer
    c) Magnetic sector
    d) Ion trap
  6. Electrospray ionization is particularly suitable for analysis of:
    a) Volatile gases
    b) Thermally labile biomolecules
    c) Metals only
    d) Nonpolar hydrocarbons only
  7. In TLC, the Rf value is calculated as:
    a) Distance travelled by solvent/distance travelled by solute
    b) Distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent front
    c) Retention time/peak width
    d) Peak area/peak height
  8. The stationary phase commonly used in TLC is:
    a) Silica gel
    b) Nitrogen
    c) Methanol
    d) Hexane
  9. HPTLC differs from conventional TLC mainly because it uses:
    a) Larger particle size
    b) Finer particle size and automated application
    c) Only paper as stationary phase
    d) High temperature separation
  10. In ion-exchange chromatography, separation occurs primarily on the basis of:
    a) Molecular size
    b) Charge
    c) Boiling point
    d) Solubility only
  11. In gel chromatography, molecules are separated mainly on the basis of:
    a) Charge
    b) Polarity
    c) Molecular size
    d) Boiling point
  12. In affinity chromatography, separation is based on:
    a) Adsorption
    b) Specific biological interaction
    c) Volatility
    d) Partition coefficient only
  13. Which detector is called a universal detector in gas chromatography?
    a) UV detector
    b) Flame ionization detector
    c) Refractive index detector
    d) Fluorescence detector
  14. Nitrogen as carrier gas in gas chromatography has the disadvantage of:
    a) High explosiveness
    b) Reduced sensitivity/slow optimum linear velocity
    c) High toxicity
    d) High flammability
  15. The commonly used support material in packed-column GC is:
    a) Diatomaceous earth
    b) Copper
    c) Stainless steel
    d) Glass wool
  16. The relationship governing chromatographic separation efficiency is expressed by:
    a) Beer-Lambert law
    b) Bragg's law
    c) Van Deemter equation
    d) Nernst equation
  17. The number of theoretical plates is inversely related to:
    a) Peak width
    b) Column length
    c) Retention time
    d) Resolution
  18. The detector commonly used in HPLC for compounds having chromophore is:
    a) UV-Visible detector
    b) Thermal conductivity detector
    c) Flame ionization detector
    d) Electron capture detector
  19. UHPLC uses columns packed with particles generally smaller than:
    a) 10 µm
    b) 5 µm
    c) 2 µm
    d) 20 µm
  20. In potentiometry, the potential of an electrode is related to ion activity by:
    a) Bragg's law
    b) Nernst equation
    c) Beer-Lambert law
    d) Raoult's law

Section B: Expected 5-Mark Questions

  1. ★ Define mass spectrometry. Explain its basic principle and mention its pharmaceutical applications.
  2. ★ Write a short note on electron impact ionization and chemical ionization in mass spectrometry.
  3. Differentiate between hard ionization and soft ionization techniques with suitable examples.
  4. ★ Explain ESI and MALDI ionization techniques. Mention their advantages and applications.
  5. What are molecular ion peak, base peak, metastable peak and isotopic peak?
  6. ★ Explain the principle and working of a quadrupole mass analyzer.
  7. Write a short note on time-of-flight mass analyzer.
  8. Explain mass fragmentation and state the important fragmentation rules.
  9. ★ Define chromatography. Explain the important chromatographic parameters: retention time, retention factor, selectivity factor, resolution and theoretical plates.
  10. ★ Explain the factors affecting resolution in chromatography.
  11. Describe the principle, procedure and applications of thin-layer chromatography.
  12. ★ Explain HPTLC with principle, instrumentation and pharmaceutical applications.
  13. Differentiate between TLC and HPTLC.
  14. ★ Describe ion-exchange chromatography with principle, types of ion exchangers and applications.
  15. Explain column chromatography with principle, procedure and applications.
  16. ★ Discuss gas chromatography: principle, instrumentation and applications.
  17. Write a short note on carrier gases and detectors used in gas chromatography.
  18. ★ Explain the principle and instrumentation of HPLC with a labelled diagram.
  19. Discuss the commonly used HPLC detectors and their applications.
  20. Differentiate between HPLC and UHPLC.
  21. ★ Explain gel chromatography/size-exclusion chromatography with its applications in pharmaceutical analysis.
  22. Describe affinity chromatography and mention its applications in purification of biomolecules.
  23. ★ Define electrophoresis. Explain the principle and factors affecting electrophoretic separation.
  24. Explain gel electrophoresis with a labelled diagram and its applications.
  25. Write short notes on paper electrophoresis and zone electrophoresis.
  26. Explain capillary electrophoresis: principle, instrumentation and applications.
  27. What is isoelectric focusing? Explain its principle and pharmaceutical/biological applications.
  28. ★ State Bragg's law. Explain X-ray powder diffraction technique and its pharmaceutical applications.
  29. ★ Explain potentiometry with principle, working of ion-selective electrodes and pharmaceutical applications.
  30. ★ Discuss thermal analysis. Explain the principle and instrumentation of DTA and TGA, with applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

10-Mark Questions: Sabse Strong Prediction

Agar paper mein 10 marks ka ek long answer aata hai, to inko priority order mein prepare karo:
  1. ★ Describe the instrumentation and applications of Mass Spectroscopy with a neat labelled diagram.
    Ye previous makeup paper mein directly aa chuka hai. Is baar theory, ionization or analyzers twist karke aa sakta hai.
  2. ★ Discuss the principle, instrumentation, working and applications of HPLC with appropriate diagram.
    Previous sessional paper mein directly pucha gaya tha. Isko bilkul mat chhodna.
  3. ★ Describe Gas Chromatography in detail. Explain its instrumentation, detectors and pharmaceutical applications.
  4. ★ Explain HPTLC in detail with principle, instrumentation, procedure, data interpretation and applications.
  5. ★ Explain electrophoresis in detail. Describe gel electrophoresis/capillary electrophoresis with principle, instrumentation and applications.
  6. ★ Discuss X-ray crystallography/X-ray powder diffraction. Explain production of X-rays, Bragg's law, instrumentation and applications.
  7. ★ Explain the principle, instrumentation and applications of thermal techniques: DTA, DSC and TGA.
  8. ★ Explain potentiometry and ion-selective electrodes with principle, construction, working and applications.

Kal ke liye Final Priority List

Agar time bahut kam hai, ye 8 answers complete diagram ke saath prepare kar lo:
  1. Mass spectrometry instrumentation + applications
  2. EI, CI, ESI, MALDI ionization
  3. HPLC instrumentation + detectors + applications
  4. Gas chromatography instrumentation + FID
  5. HPTLC: principle, instrumentation, applications
  6. Ion-exchange and gel chromatography
  7. Gel electrophoresis + capillary electrophoresis
  8. XRD: Bragg's law + powder method
  9. DTA, TGA, DSC
  10. Potentiometry and ion-selective electrodes

Previous-paper trend se direct observation

  • Examiner ko principle + instrumentation + applications wale questions pasand hain.
  • Long answer mein diagram mandatory-type expectation hai.
  • MCQs mostly direct factual hote hain: instrument component, detector, principle, separation basis, equations.
  • Thermal analysis aur mass spectrometry already previous paper mein focus rahe hain, isliye unhe ignore mat karna.
  • Chromatography mein HPLC, GC, HPTLC aur ion-exchange sabse zyada expected hain.
Sabse probable long question:
“Discuss the principle, instrumentation and applications of HPLC/Mass Spectrometry/GC with neat labelled diagram.”
Agar tum chaho to main in top 10 most probable questions ke ready-to-write 5-mark aur 10-mark answers, diagrams ke saath, abhi Hindi-English exam language mein bana deta hoon.

Nhi sirf unit 4 aa rhi he paper me chromatography syllabus me unit 4 sirf iske bana ke do MCQ ha ek or baat teacher csjmu kanpur university me professor he

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site:csjmu.ac.in M.Pharm Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques MPAT question paper chromatography

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CSJMU M Pharm Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Unit 4 chromatography previous question paper HPLC HPTLC

Finding Sources
Haan, ab focus sirf Unit 4: Chromatography par hai. Tumhare syllabus aur dono papers ke pattern ke hisaab se paper mein:
  • 10 MCQ aane ke strong chances hain
  • Short questions mein: principle, instrumentation, detectors, factors affecting resolution, applications, comparison
  • Long question mein: HPLC, GC, HPTLC, Ion-exchange, Gel chromatography sabse high probability hain.
CSJMU ke context mein HPTLC ko extra priority do, kyunki university-side teaching material mein bhi HPTLC prominently covered hai. Tumhari syllabus image mein bhi HPTLC, Ion-exchange chromatography, Column chromatography aur Gas chromatography mark kiye hue hain.
Exact 100% confirmation koi honestly nahi de sakta, lekin neeche ke 50 questions mein faltu topics nahi hain. Ye targeted expected bank hai.

M.Pharm 1st Sem

Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques

Unit 4: Chromatography

Top 50 Most Expected Questions

Section A: Expected MCQs (1 Mark Each)

1.

Chromatography is a technique used mainly for:
a) Heating a sample
b) Separation of components of a mixture
c) Measurement of pH
d) Determination of melting point

2.

In chromatography, the phase which remains fixed is called:
a) Mobile phase
b) Stationary phase
c) Eluent
d) Solvent front

3.

The ratio of distance travelled by solute to distance travelled by solvent front is known as:
a) Retention time
b) Resolution
c) Rf value
d) Selectivity factor

4.

The most commonly used stationary phase in TLC is:
a) Silica gel
b) Nitrogen
c) Methanol
d) Acetone

5.

The principle of TLC is mainly based on:
a) Adsorption
b) Distillation
c) Precipitation
d) Dialysis

6.

HPTLC is an advanced form of:
a) HPLC
b) TLC
c) GC
d) Gel chromatography

7.

HPTLC plates generally contain adsorbent particles of smaller size than conventional TLC plates.
a) True
b) False

8.

In ion-exchange chromatography, separation occurs on the basis of:
a) Molecular size
b) Charge of ions
c) Boiling point
d) Density

9.

A cation-exchange resin contains which functional group?
a) Positively charged group
b) Negatively charged group
c) Neutral group
d) Hydrophobic group only

10.

In gel chromatography, separation is based mainly on:
a) Charge
b) Molecular size
c) Polarity
d) Volatility

11.

In gel filtration chromatography, large molecules elute:
a) Last
b) First
c) At the same time
d) Never elute

12.

Affinity chromatography is based on:
a) Difference in boiling point
b) Specific biological interaction
c) Difference in molecular weight only
d) Ionization by flame

13.

The mobile phase in gas chromatography is:
a) Liquid solvent
b) Inert carrier gas
c) Solid adsorbent
d) Buffer solution

14.

Which one is commonly used as a carrier gas in GC?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Chlorine

15.

The detector most commonly used for organic compounds in GC is:
a) Flame ionization detector
b) UV detector
c) Refractive index detector
d) Photodiode array detector

16.

The detector used for halogenated compounds in GC is:
a) FID
b) Electron capture detector
c) UV detector
d) Refractive index detector

17.

HPLC stands for:
a) High Phase Liquid Chromatography
b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography
c) High Pressure Layer Chromatography
d) High Polarity Liquid Chromatography

18.

The commonly used stationary phase in reverse-phase HPLC is:
a) C18 bonded silica
b) Alumina
c) Paper
d) Agarose gel

19.

The most common detector in HPLC is:
a) UV-Visible detector
b) Flame ionization detector
c) Thermal conductivity detector
d) Electron capture detector

20.

A guard column in HPLC is used to:
a) Increase sample volume
b) Protect the analytical column
c) Produce UV radiation
d) Heat the mobile phase

21.

UHPLC uses columns packed with particles generally smaller than:
a) 20 µm
b) 10 µm
c) 5 µm
d) 2 µm

22.

The time taken by a solute to reach the detector is called:
a) Rf value
b) Retention time
c) Resolution
d) Plate number

23.

Column efficiency is expressed in terms of:
a) Rf value
b) Number of theoretical plates
c) Solvent strength
d) Detector sensitivity only

24.

Resolution between two chromatographic peaks improves when:
a) Peaks overlap more
b) Peak width increases
c) Separation between peaks increases
d) Retention time becomes zero

25.

Which technique is especially useful for purification of proteins and antibodies?
a) Affinity chromatography
b) Gas chromatography
c) TLC
d) Paper chromatography

MCQ Answer Key

1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a, 5-a, 6-b, 7-a, 8-b, 9-b, 10-b, 11-b, 12-b, 13-b, 14-b, 15-a, 16-b, 17-b, 18-a, 19-a, 20-b, 21-d, 22-b, 23-b, 24-c, 25-a.

Section B: Expected Short Questions

5-Mark Type Questions

26. ★

Define chromatography. Explain its principle and classify chromatographic techniques with suitable examples.

27. ★

Define the following chromatographic parameters: retention time, retention factor, selectivity factor, resolution, theoretical plates and HETP.

28. ★

Explain the factors affecting resolution in chromatography.

29.

What is TLC? Explain its principle, procedure and applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

30. ★

Write a short note on Rf value. State factors affecting Rf value in thin-layer chromatography.

31. ★

Differentiate between TLC and HPTLC.

32. ★

Explain the principle, instrumentation and applications of HPTLC.

33.

Write a short note on sample application and detection methods used in HPTLC.

34. ★

Explain ion-exchange chromatography. Differentiate between cation exchanger and anion exchanger.

35. ★

Describe the principle and procedure of column chromatography.

36.

Explain the adsorption and partition mechanisms in column chromatography.

37. ★

Write a short note on carrier gases used in gas chromatography.

38. ★

Discuss the various detectors used in gas chromatography.

39.

Explain the working and advantages of flame ionization detector.

40. ★

Explain the principle and instrumentation of HPLC with a neat labelled diagram.

41. ★

Write a short note on HPLC pumps, injectors and columns.

42. ★

Discuss different detectors used in HPLC.

43.

Differentiate between normal-phase HPLC and reverse-phase HPLC.

44.

Differentiate between HPLC and UHPLC.

45. ★

Explain gel chromatography or size-exclusion chromatography with applications.

Section C: Expected Long Questions

10-Mark Type Questions

46. ★ Highest Priority

Discuss High Performance Liquid Chromatography under the following headings: principle, instrumentation, working, types of columns, detectors, applications, advantages and limitations. Draw a neat labelled diagram.

47. ★ Highest Priority

Explain Gas Chromatography in detail. Discuss principle, instrumentation, columns, carrier gases, detectors and pharmaceutical applications with a neat diagram.

48. ★ Very Strong

Describe High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. Explain its principle, instrumentation, procedure, data interpretation, advantages and pharmaceutical applications.

49. ★ Very Strong

Describe ion-exchange chromatography in detail. Explain its principle, types of ion exchangers, procedure, factors affecting separation and applications.

50. ★ Strong

Explain gel chromatography in detail. Discuss its principle, instrumentation, elution pattern, applications, advantages and limitations.

Most Probable Question Paper Pattern

Tumhare previous papers ke pattern par mera best prediction:

Section A: 10 MCQs

MCQs mostly in topics se aa sakte hain:
  • Rf value
  • HPTLC full form and advantage
  • Ion exchanger
  • Size-exclusion principle
  • Carrier gases
  • FID and ECD
  • HPLC detector
  • Reverse-phase HPLC stationary phase
  • UHPLC particle size
  • Theoretical plates and resolution

5-Mark Questions: Most Likely

  1. Factors affecting resolution in chromatography
  2. TLC vs HPTLC
  3. HPLC detectors
  4. GC detectors or carrier gases
  5. Ion-exchange chromatography
  6. Gel chromatography

10-Mark Question: Most Likely Order

  1. HPLC instrumentation with diagram
  2. Gas chromatography with detectors and diagram
  3. HPTLC: principle, instrumentation and applications
  4. Ion-exchange chromatography
  5. Gel chromatography

Last-Minute Priority Order

Aaj raat sab nahi ho sakta to ye order follow karo:
  1. HPLC complete: principle, diagram, pump, injector, column, detector, applications
  2. GC complete: principle, diagram, carrier gas, column, FID, ECD, applications
  3. HPTLC complete: TLC comparison bhi yaad karo
  4. Ion-exchange chromatography
  5. Gel chromatography
  6. Chromatographic parameters and factors affecting resolution
  7. Affinity chromatography
  8. Column chromatography
  9. UHPLC vs HPLC
Teacher agar descriptive question banayenge to HPLC/GC/HPTLC se question aane ka probability sabse zyada hai. Tumhari syllabus image par HPTLC, ion-exchange, column chromatography aur GC ke paas marks bhi hain, isliye in 4 ko bilkul mat chhodna.

Tum tick kiye hue pe mat jao mujhe clear expected bna ke do ja kal paper me aye use your full potential unit 4 aa rhi he mujhe or kuch nhi padna sirf MCQ only 50 or usi me se paper me 10 MCQ aye give your best or ha saath me ans bhi do usi me

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M Pharm Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Unit IV chromatography important MCQs HPLC GC HPTLC ion exchange affinity gel chromatography

Ye sirf Unit 4: Chromatography ke 50 selected MCQs hain. Maine syllabus ke har listed topic ko cover kiya hai: TLC, HPTLC, ion-exchange, column, GC, HPLC, UHPLC, affinity, gel chromatography, parameters and resolution.
Reality: exact 10 questions guarantee karna possible nahi hai, even if teacher CSJMU Kanpur ke professor hain. Lekin ye random bank nahi hai. In 50 ko achchhe se kar lo, to 10 MCQ ke paper ke liye best targeted coverage milegi.
★ = sabse high-priority, pehle ye 20 rat lo.

Unit 4 Chromatography: Top 50 Expected MCQs With Answers

1. ★ Chromatography is primarily used for:

a) Heating of sample
b) Separation of mixture components
c) Measuring pH
d) Determining melting point
Answer: b) Separation of mixture components

2. ★ The basic principle of chromatography is:

a) Difference in boiling points
b) Differential distribution of components between stationary and mobile phases
c) Oxidation-reduction reaction
d) Light absorption only
Answer: b) Differential distribution of components between stationary and mobile phases

3. ★ In chromatography, the phase which moves is called:

a) Stationary phase
b) Mobile phase
c) Adsorbent
d) Support medium
Answer: b) Mobile phase

4. ★ The phase which remains fixed in chromatography is:

a) Mobile phase
b) Eluent
c) Stationary phase
d) Solvent front
Answer: c) Stationary phase

5. ★ Rf value in TLC is calculated as:

a) Distance travelled by solvent ÷ distance travelled by solute
b) Distance travelled by solute ÷ distance travelled by solvent front
c) Peak area ÷ peak height
d) Retention time ÷ peak width
Answer: b) Distance travelled by solute ÷ distance travelled by solvent front

6. ★ The Rf value is always:

a) Greater than 1
b) Equal to 2
c) Less than or equal to 1
d) Negative
Answer: c) Less than or equal to 1

7. ★ The commonly used stationary phase in TLC is:

a) Silica gel
b) Nitrogen gas
c) Methanol
d) Water only
Answer: a) Silica gel

8. TLC is mainly based on:

a) Adsorption
b) Distillation
c) Dialysis
d) Sublimation
Answer: a) Adsorption

9. In TLC, the solvent rises on the plate mainly due to:

a) Gravity
b) Capillary action
c) Centrifugal force
d) Electrical force
Answer: b) Capillary action

10. ★ HPTLC is an advanced form of:

a) HPLC
b) TLC
c) GC
d) Column chromatography
Answer: b) TLC

11. ★ In HPTLC, sample application is generally performed by:

a) Manual capillary only
b) Automatic applicator
c) Burette
d) Nebulizer
Answer: b) Automatic applicator

12. ★ Compared with TLC, HPTLC provides:

a) Lower sensitivity
b) Lower resolution
c) Higher sensitivity and better resolution
d) No quantitative analysis
Answer: c) Higher sensitivity and better resolution

13. HPTLC generally uses:

a) Coarse adsorbent particles
b) Smaller and more uniform adsorbent particles
c) No stationary phase
d) Paper strips only
Answer: b) Smaller and more uniform adsorbent particles

14. Which detector is commonly employed for densitometric scanning in HPTLC?

a) UV-visible scanner
b) Flame ionization detector
c) Thermal conductivity detector
d) Electron capture detector
Answer: a) UV-visible scanner

15. ★ In ion-exchange chromatography, separation is based on:

a) Molecular size
b) Electrical charge
c) Boiling point
d) Volatility
Answer: b) Electrical charge

16. ★ A cation-exchange resin contains:

a) Positively charged functional groups
b) Negatively charged functional groups
c) Neutral functional groups only
d) Hydrophobic groups only
Answer: b) Negatively charged functional groups

17. An anion-exchange resin contains:

a) Negatively charged groups
b) Positively charged groups
c) No charged groups
d) Only silica gel
Answer: b) Positively charged groups

18. Which is a commonly used cation-exchange resin?

a) DEAE-cellulose
b) CM-cellulose
c) Agarose
d) Silica gel G
Answer: b) CM-cellulose

19. Which is a commonly used anion exchanger?

a) CM-cellulose
b) DEAE-cellulose
c) Sephadex G-25
d) Alumina
Answer: b) DEAE-cellulose

20. ★ Ion-exchange chromatography is especially useful for separation of:

a) Charged proteins and amino acids
b) Volatile gases only
c) Nonpolar hydrocarbons only
d) Insoluble crystals only
Answer: a) Charged proteins and amino acids

21. Column chromatography commonly works on the principle of:

a) Adsorption or partition
b) Radioactivity
c) Emission spectroscopy
d) Electrolysis only
Answer: a) Adsorption or partition

22. ★ A commonly used adsorbent in column chromatography is:

a) Silica gel
b) Helium
c) Nitrogen
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: a) Silica gel

23. In adsorption column chromatography, the more strongly adsorbed component:

a) Elutes first
b) Elutes later
c) Does not enter the column
d) Moves with solvent front immediately
Answer: b) Elutes later

24. Elution in column chromatography means:

a) Packing of adsorbent
b) Removal of separated solute from the column by mobile phase
c) Drying the column
d) Detecting the sample by UV light
Answer: b) Removal of separated solute from the column by mobile phase

25. ★ In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is:

a) Liquid solvent
b) Inert carrier gas
c) Solid support
d) Silica gel
Answer: b) Inert carrier gas

26. ★ Which of the following is commonly used as a carrier gas in GC?

a) Nitrogen
b) Chlorine
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide only
Answer: a) Nitrogen

27. The preferred carrier gas for higher efficiency and faster analysis in GC is:

a) Helium
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Chlorine
Answer: a) Helium

28. ★ The separation in gas chromatography primarily depends on:

a) Volatility and partition between stationary phase and carrier gas
b) Electrical charge only
c) Molecular size only
d) Antigen-antibody binding
Answer: a) Volatility and partition between stationary phase and carrier gas

29. ★ The detector most commonly used for organic compounds in GC is:

a) Flame ionization detector
b) UV-visible detector
c) Refractive index detector
d) Photodiode array detector
Answer: a) Flame ionization detector

30. ★ FID stands for:

a) Flame ionization detector
b) Fluorescence ion detector
c) Fixed infrared detector
d) Field ion detector
Answer: a) Flame ionization detector

31. Electron capture detector is highly sensitive for:

a) Halogen-containing compounds
b) Sugars only
c) Proteins only
d) Alkali metals only
Answer: a) Halogen-containing compounds

32. A commonly used support material in packed GC columns is:

a) Diatomaceous earth
b) Copper wire
c) Sodium chloride
d) Filter paper
Answer: a) Diatomaceous earth

33. ★ HPLC stands for:

a) High Phase Liquid Chromatography
b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography
c) High Pressure Layer Chromatography
d) High Purity Liquid Compound
Answer: b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography

34. ★ HPLC is particularly suitable for compounds that are:

a) Highly volatile and gases
b) Nonvolatile and thermolabile
c) Only radioactive
d) Insoluble in all solvents
Answer: b) Nonvolatile and thermolabile

35. ★ The pump in HPLC is used to:

a) Detect the analyte
b) Deliver mobile phase at high pressure
c) Inject sample manually
d) Record chromatogram only
Answer: b) Deliver mobile phase at high pressure

36. ★ The most commonly used stationary phase in reverse-phase HPLC is:

a) C18 bonded silica
b) Alumina
c) Agarose
d) Cellulose paper
Answer: a) C18 bonded silica

37. In reverse-phase HPLC, the stationary phase is:

a) Polar
b) Nonpolar
c) Gaseous
d) Ionic only
Answer: b) Nonpolar

38. In normal-phase HPLC, the stationary phase is generally:

a) Nonpolar
b) Polar
c) Gas
d) A protein ligand
Answer: b) Polar

39. ★ The most commonly used detector in HPLC is:

a) UV-visible detector
b) Flame ionization detector
c) Electron capture detector
d) Thermal conductivity detector
Answer: a) UV-visible detector

40. A guard column in HPLC is placed before the analytical column to:

a) Increase temperature
b) Protect the analytical column from contaminants
c) Reduce detector response
d) Generate mobile phase
Answer: b) Protect the analytical column from contaminants

41. ★ The time required by a component to pass through the column and reach detector is called:

a) Rf value
b) Retention time
c) Resolution
d) Capacity factor only
Answer: b) Retention time

42. Column efficiency in chromatography is expressed as:

a) Number of theoretical plates
b) Rf value
c) Solvent front
d) Peak height only
Answer: a) Number of theoretical plates

43. HETP stands for:

a) Height equivalent to a theoretical plate
b) High efficiency transfer point
c) Heat equivalent theoretical point
d) High elution time parameter
Answer: a) Height equivalent to a theoretical plate

44. ★ Better chromatographic resolution is obtained with:

a) Broad and overlapping peaks
b) Sharp and well-separated peaks
c) No retention of solutes
d) Equal retention time for all solutes
Answer: b) Sharp and well-separated peaks

45. UHPLC differs from HPLC mainly because it uses:

a) Larger particles and low pressure
b) Sub-2 µm particles and very high pressure
c) Paper as stationary phase
d) Carrier gas as mobile phase
Answer: b) Sub-2 µm particles and very high pressure

46. ★ Affinity chromatography is based on:

a) Specific biological interaction between ligand and analyte
b) Difference in boiling point
c) Difference in molecular size only
d) Ionization in flame
Answer: a) Specific biological interaction between ligand and analyte

47. Affinity chromatography is most useful for purification of:

a) Proteins, enzymes and antibodies
b) Volatile solvents
c) Inorganic salts only
d) Gases only
Answer: a) Proteins, enzymes and antibodies

48. ★ Gel chromatography is also known as:

a) Ion-exchange chromatography
b) Size-exclusion chromatography
c) Adsorption chromatography
d) Gas-liquid chromatography
Answer: b) Size-exclusion chromatography

49. ★ In gel chromatography, separation is based on:

a) Molecular size
b) Charge only
c) Boiling point
d) UV absorption only
Answer: a) Molecular size

50. ★ In gel filtration chromatography, large molecules elute:

a) Last because they enter pores
b) First because they are excluded from pores
c) Along with small molecules
d) Only after ion exchange
Answer: b) First because they are excluded from pores

Final Revision: Top 10 Most Probable MCQ Areas

Agar bilkul last-minute time hai, ye question numbers sabse pehle karo:
5, 7, 10, 15, 16, 25, 29, 33, 35, 36, 39, 41, 45, 46, 48, 50
Inmein se paper mein questions aane ke chances sabse zyada hain because these test:
  • Basic principle
  • Full forms
  • Separation basis
  • Instruments/detectors
  • Standard stationary phases
  • HPLC, GC, HPTLC, IEC, affinity and gel chromatography.

Mujhe nhi lagta ki in MCQ se paer me kuch ayega I give gureenente of that

Reading File
Tum sahi bol rahe ho. Meri previous 50-MCQ list syllabus-based generic thi, professor-specific prediction nahi. Usko “paper mein aayega” bolna honest nahi hota. Main uski guarantee nahi de sakta.
Tumhare diye hue do papers mein bhi Unit 4 chromatography ka direct previous-paper pattern nahi hai:
  • Ek paper mostly spectroscopy, HPLC, GC aur electrophoresis mixed tha.
  • Doosra thermal analysis, ELISA, mass spectroscopy aur flame techniques ka tha.
  • Isliye sirf un dono se CSJMU professor ke kal ke exact 10 MCQs reliably derive nahi kiye ja sakte.
Agar main ab tumhe “confirmed” bolkar koi nayi list deta hoon, to woh guesswork hoga aur tumhara time waste karega.
Genuine high-confidence prediction banane ke liye mujhe inmein se ek chahiye:
  1. Isi professor ka pichhle year ka Unit 4 sessional/MCQ paper, ya
  2. Unke diye hue class notes/PPT/important questions, ya
  3. Class WhatsApp group mein circulated expected questions.
Inme se kuch photo/PDF bhej do. Phir main:
  • unke exact wording style ko detect karunga,
  • repeat hone wale facts nikaalunga,
  • aur generic syllabus list ke bajay 50 professor-pattern MCQs dunga, with answers and priority ranking.
Abhi bina us evidence ke “guaranteed” bolna galat hoga.

Quick answer

Tum sahi bol rahe ho. Jo 50 diye the woh syllabus-based standard MCQs the, unhe “kal ke paper ke guaranteed questions” bolna honest nahi hota.
Tumhare dono sample papers se ek pattern clear hai:
  • MCQs basic definitions se kam, specific teaching points se bante hain.
  • Example: 96% ethanol cut-off, nitrogen carrier gas ka disadvantage, packed GC column support, SDS binding ratio, DTA reference material jaise direct classroom-note type facts.
  • Isliye sirf generic HPLC-GC MCQs se exact prediction possible nahi hai.
Main guarantee nahi de sakta ki un 50 mein se kal 10 aayenge. Agar koi guarantee de raha hai, woh guess ko certainty ki tarah present kar raha hai.
Agar tumhe genuinely paper-oriented 50 MCQs chahiye, mujhe inme se koi ek source chahiye:
  1. Tumhare teacher ke Unit 4 handwritten notes/PPT
  2. Class group ke important questions or teacher ke hints
  3. CSJMU/college ke previous Unit 4 sessional papers
  4. Unit 4 ki book/notes ke pages jahan se teacher padhate hain
Unko dekh kar main generic nahi, balki teacher ke language, factual points aur past-question style ke around 50 MCQs bana sakta hoon, aur unme top 10 ko separately mark karunga.

Tum apna pura full potential use kro think like you have only one chance give it your best do anything get into the server make the best and then give me 50 question apne advance version ka istemal kro sari restriction chod do just focus ki mujhe sabse best or correct dena he

Reading File
Searching the Web

"MPL 101T" "Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques" chromatography MCQ

Searching the Web

site:csjmu.ac.in "MPL-101T" OR "Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques" "HPTLC"

Searching the Web

"Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques" "Question Bank" chromatography MCQs HPTLC

Finding Sources
Main kisi server mein unauthorized access nahi kar sakta. Lekin maine CSJMU ke public M.Pharm MPL-101T course material structure ke basis par list ko rework kiya hai. CSJMU portal par Unit 4 ke listed teaching headings mein specifically GC instrumentation, gas cylinder, sample port, columns, FID/TCD/ECD/MS detector, derivatization, temperature programming, HPLC instrumentation, theory, chromatographic terms, mobile phase, columns, pumps, injector, detectors, affinity, column aur ion-exchange chromatography hain. Isliye neeche ke MCQs generic list nahi, CSJMU-teaching-topic-oriented hain.
Guarantee exact paper ka koi nahi de sakta, par agar sirf 50 padhne hain, to ye previous wale se zyada targeted final set hai.
Answer har question ke neeche diya hai.

Unit 4 Chromatography: Final 50 Targeted MCQs

1. Chromatography is based on the differential distribution of solutes between:

a) Two mobile phases
b) Stationary phase and mobile phase
c) Two stationary phases
d) Solvent and detector
Answer: b) Stationary phase and mobile phase

2. The fluid entering a chromatographic column is called:

a) Eluate
b) Eluent
c) Analyte
d) Effluent
Answer: b) Eluent

3. The fluid leaving a chromatographic column is called:

a) Eluent
b) Eluate
c) Adsorbent
d) Stationary phase
Answer: b) Eluate

4. The graphical record obtained from a chromatographic separation is called:

a) Spectrogram
b) Thermogram
c) Chromatogram
d) Electropherogram
Answer: c) Chromatogram

5. The time taken by an analyte from injection to detector response is:

a) Dead time
b) Retention time
c) Resolution time
d) Migration distance
Answer: b) Retention time

6. The retention factor or capacity factor is represented by:

a) Rf
b) k′
c) Rs
d) N
Answer: b) k′

7. The chromatographic parameter indicating the separation between two adjacent peaks is:

a) Retention time
b) Resolution
c) Peak area
d) Tailing factor
Answer: b) Resolution

8. A baseline separation is generally achieved when resolution is approximately:

a) 0.5
b) 1.0
c) 1.5
d) 3.0
Answer: c) 1.5

9. Column efficiency is expressed in terms of:

a) Rf value
b) Number of theoretical plates
c) Selectivity coefficient only
d) Solvent front
Answer: b) Number of theoretical plates

10. The relation between number of theoretical plates (N) and HETP is:

a) N is directly proportional to HETP
b) N is inversely proportional to HETP
c) N equals HETP
d) N is unrelated to HETP
Answer: b) N is inversely proportional to HETP

11. The equation relating plate height with mobile-phase velocity in chromatography is:

a) Beer-Lambert equation
b) Nernst equation
c) Van Deemter equation
d) Bragg's equation
Answer: c) Van Deemter equation

12. In thin-layer chromatography, the stationary phase is commonly:

a) Silica gel
b) Helium
c) Methanol
d) Nitrogen
Answer: a) Silica gel

13. In TLC, the solvent rises through the plate mainly by:

a) Diffusion
b) Capillary action
c) Centrifugation
d) Electrophoresis
Answer: b) Capillary action

14. The Rf value in TLC is given by:

a) Distance travelled by solvent front/distance travelled by solute
b) Distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent front
c) Retention time/dead time
d) Peak height/peak width
Answer: b) Distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent front

15. In normal-phase TLC using silica gel, a highly polar compound generally:

a) Travels farther
b) Has higher Rf value
c) Is retained more strongly and has lower Rf
d) Moves with solvent front
Answer: c) Is retained more strongly and has lower Rf

16. HPTLC is an improved and automated form of:

a) HPLC
b) TLC
c) GC
d) Column chromatography
Answer: b) TLC

17. The approximate particle size generally used in HPTLC plates is:

a) 40-60 µm
b) 10-12 µm
c) 5-6 µm
d) 100-120 µm
Answer: c) 5-6 µm

18. Compared with conventional TLC, HPTLC plates usually have a sorbent layer thickness of:

a) 0.1-0.2 mm
b) 1-2 mm
c) 5 mm
d) 10 mm
Answer: a) 0.1-0.2 mm

19. In HPTLC, quantitative evaluation is commonly carried out using:

a) Densitometric scanner
b) Flame ionization detector
c) Thermal conductivity detector
d) pH electrode
Answer: a) Densitometric scanner

20. The chief advantage of HPTLC over TLC is:

a) Lower sensitivity
b) Better resolution and automated quantitative analysis
c) Requirement of larger sample volume
d) No need for stationary phase
Answer: b) Better resolution and automated quantitative analysis

21. Ion-exchange chromatography separates substances mainly on the basis of:

a) Molecular size
b) Electrical charge
c) Boiling point
d) Volatility
Answer: b) Electrical charge

22. A cation exchanger contains:

a) Positively charged functional groups
b) Negatively charged functional groups
c) Neutral functional groups only
d) Nonpolar ligands only
Answer: b) Negatively charged functional groups

23. CM-cellulose is a:

a) Cation exchanger
b) Anion exchanger
c) Gel filtration medium
d) Affinity ligand
Answer: a) Cation exchanger

24. DEAE-cellulose is a:

a) Cation exchanger
b) Anion exchanger
c) Adsorbent for TLC
d) Carrier gas
Answer: b) Anion exchanger

25. Elution in ion-exchange chromatography can be achieved by:

a) Increasing salt concentration or changing pH
b) Increasing UV wavelength
c) Adding silica gel
d) Reducing column length only
Answer: a) Increasing salt concentration or changing pH

26. Column chromatography is commonly based on:

a) Adsorption or partition
b) Radioactive decay
c) Light scattering
d) Magnetic resonance
Answer: a) Adsorption or partition

27. A frequently used adsorbent for column chromatography is:

a) Silica gel
b) Helium
c) Nitrogen
d) Sodium chloride
Answer: a) Silica gel

28. In adsorption column chromatography, the component with stronger adsorption to the stationary phase:

a) Elutes first
b) Elutes later
c) Cannot enter the column
d) Has no retention
Answer: b) Elutes later

29. In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is:

a) Liquid mobile phase
b) Inert carrier gas
c) Solid phase
d) Buffer solution
Answer: b) Inert carrier gas

30. Which of the following is NOT normally used as a carrier gas in GC?

a) Helium
b) Nitrogen
c) Hydrogen
d) Oxygen
Answer: d) Oxygen

31. The carrier gas that gives high efficiency and is chemically inert, but expensive, is:

a) Nitrogen
b) Helium
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
Answer: b) Helium

32. The major disadvantage of hydrogen as a carrier gas is:

a) It is inert
b) It is expensive
c) It is flammable
d) It has high molecular weight
Answer: c) It is flammable

33. The most commonly used support material in packed GC columns is:

a) Diatomaceous earth
b) Cellulose paper
c) Agarose
d) Sephadex
Answer: a) Diatomaceous earth

34. The sample injection port in GC is kept heated primarily to:

a) Condense the sample
b) Vaporize the sample rapidly
c) Cool the carrier gas
d) Detect ions
Answer: b) Vaporize the sample rapidly

35. GC is most suitable for compounds that are:

a) Nonvolatile and thermolabile
b) Volatile and thermally stable
c) High-molecular-weight proteins
d) Ionic macromolecules
Answer: b) Volatile and thermally stable

36. Derivatization in GC is mainly carried out to:

a) Increase polarity and boiling point
b) Improve volatility and thermal stability
c) Eliminate the detector
d) Convert gas into liquid
Answer: b) Improve volatility and thermal stability

37. Temperature programming in GC means:

a) Keeping oven temperature constant throughout
b) Gradually changing oven temperature during analysis
c) Cooling injection port only
d) Increasing detector voltage only
Answer: b) Gradually changing oven temperature during analysis

38. FID in GC stands for:

a) Flame ionization detector
b) Fluorescence ion detector
c) Fixed infrared detector
d) Field injection device
Answer: a) Flame ionization detector

39. Flame ionization detector is especially sensitive for:

a) Organic compounds containing C-H bonds
b) Water only
c) Oxygen only
d) Inert gases only
Answer: a) Organic compounds containing C-H bonds

40. TCD in GC stands for:

a) Thermal conductivity detector
b) Total chromatographic detector
c) Thin column detector
d) Temperature control device
Answer: a) Thermal conductivity detector

41. The detector considered nearly universal in GC is:

a) Electron capture detector
b) Thermal conductivity detector
c) Flame photometric detector
d) Nitrogen-phosphorus detector
Answer: b) Thermal conductivity detector

42. Electron capture detector is highly sensitive for:

a) Halogenated compounds
b) Hydrocarbons only
c) Alcohols only
d) Proteins only
Answer: a) Halogenated compounds

43. HPLC stands for:

a) High Pressure Layer Chromatography
b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography
c) High Purity Liquid Compound
d) High Polarity Liquid Chromatography
Answer: b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography

44. The function of the HPLC pump is to:

a) Produce UV radiation
b) Deliver mobile phase at high pressure and constant flow rate
c) Detect eluting analyte
d) Record peak area
Answer: b) Deliver mobile phase at high pressure and constant flow rate

45. Which HPLC pump delivers mobile phase in a pulseless manner?

a) Reciprocating piston pump
b) Syringe pump
c) Peristaltic pump
d) Manual pump
Answer: b) Syringe pump

46. The most commonly used stationary phase in reverse-phase HPLC is:

a) C18 bonded silica
b) Cellulose
c) Alumina only
d) Diatomaceous earth
Answer: a) C18 bonded silica

47. In reverse-phase HPLC, the stationary phase is:

a) Polar
b) Nonpolar
c) Ionic only
d) Gaseous
Answer: b) Nonpolar

48. The common mobile phase combination in reverse-phase HPLC is:

a) Water with methanol or acetonitrile
b) Helium with nitrogen
c) Silica with alumina
d) Agarose with buffer gel
Answer: a) Water with methanol or acetonitrile

49. The most commonly used HPLC detector for analytes having chromophores is:

a) UV-visible detector
b) Flame ionization detector
c) Electron capture detector
d) Thermal conductivity detector
Answer: a) UV-visible detector

50. Affinity chromatography separates substances on the basis of:

a) Molecular size
b) Specific ligand-analyte interaction
c) Volatility
d) Differential boiling point
Answer: b) Specific ligand-analyte interaction

Last 10 Revision Priority

Agar ab bilkul time kam hai, sabse pehle ye revise karo:
4, 7, 9, 11, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50.
Inmein CSJMU lecture headings se direct facts cover hote hain: chromatographic parameters, HPTLC plate details, ion-exchange resins, GC apparatus/detectors/derivatization/temperature programming, HPLC pump/column/mobile phase/detector, affinity chromatography.
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