Classification of Antibiotics & Their Bacterial Spectrum

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import BaseDocTemplate, Frame, PageTemplate
from reportlab.lib.colors import HexColor

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/antibiotics-pdf/Antibiotic_Classification.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY       = HexColor("#1A237E")
TEAL       = HexColor("#00695C")
PURPLE     = HexColor("#6A1B9A")
DARK_RED   = HexColor("#B71C1C")
DARK_BLUE  = HexColor("#0D47A1")
ORANGE     = HexColor("#E65100")
GREEN      = HexColor("#2E7D32")
INDIGO     = HexColor("#283593")

LIGHT_NAVY  = HexColor("#E8EAF6")
LIGHT_TEAL  = HexColor("#E0F2F1")
LIGHT_PURPLE= HexColor("#F3E5F5")
LIGHT_RED   = HexColor("#FFEBEE")
LIGHT_BLUE  = HexColor("#E3F2FD")
LIGHT_ORANGE= HexColor("#FFF3E0")
LIGHT_GREEN = HexColor("#E8F5E9")
LIGHT_INDIGO= HexColor("#E8EAF6")

WHITE = colors.white
BLACK = colors.black
GREY  = HexColor("#F5F5F5")
MID_GREY = HexColor("#BDBDBD")

# ── Styles ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

title_style = S("DocTitle",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=26, textColor=WHITE,
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=4, leading=32)

subtitle_style = S("DocSub",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=13, textColor=HexColor("#B2EBF2"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6, leading=18)

source_style = S("Source",
    fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=HexColor("#CFD8DC"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=2)

h1_style = S("H1",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=15, textColor=WHITE,
    spaceAfter=4, spaceBefore=10, leading=20)

h2_style = S("H2",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=12, textColor=WHITE,
    spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=6, leading=16)

h3_style = S("H3",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY,
    spaceAfter=3, spaceBefore=5, leading=13)

body_style = S("Body",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=9, textColor=HexColor("#212121"),
    spaceAfter=3, leading=13)

note_style = S("Note",
    fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=8, textColor=HexColor("#555555"),
    spaceAfter=4, leading=11)

cell_head = S("CellHead",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=8, textColor=WHITE,
    alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)

cell_body = S("CellBody",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5, textColor=HexColor("#212121"),
    alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=10)

cell_center = S("CellCenter",
    fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5, textColor=HexColor("#212121"),
    alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)

cell_bold = S("CellBold",
    fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5, textColor=HexColor("#212121"),
    alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=10)

# ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_header(text, bg_color, style=h1_style):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(text, style)]], colWidths=[17*cm])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg_color),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [6, 6, 6, 6]),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ]))
    return tbl

def sub_header(text, bg_color):
    tbl = Table([[Paragraph(text, h2_style)]], colWidths=[17*cm])
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg_color),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 20),
    ]))
    return tbl

def mk_table(headers, rows, col_widths, header_bg, alt_bg, header_styles=None):
    """Create a styled table."""
    data = [[Paragraph(h, cell_head) for h in headers]]
    for i, row in enumerate(rows):
        styled_row = []
        for j, cell in enumerate(row):
            if isinstance(cell, str):
                styled_row.append(Paragraph(cell, cell_body))
            else:
                styled_row.append(cell)
        data.append(styled_row)

    style_cmds = [
        ("BACKGROUND", (0, 0), (-1, 0), header_bg),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0, 1), (-1, -1), [WHITE, alt_bg]),
        ("GRID", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.4, MID_GREY),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0, 0), (-1, -1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0, 0), (-1, -1), 6),
        ("VALIGN", (0, 0), (-1, -1), "MIDDLE"),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0, 1), (-1, -1), [WHITE, alt_bg]),
    ]
    tbl = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths)
    tbl.setStyle(TableStyle(style_cmds))
    return tbl

# ── Document setup ────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    leftMargin=2*cm, rightMargin=2*cm,
    topMargin=2*cm,  bottomMargin=2*cm,
    title="Classification of Antibiotics",
    author="Orris Medical Reference"
)

story = []

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COVER BANNER
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
cover_title = Table(
    [[Paragraph("Classification of Antibiotics", title_style)],
     [Paragraph("Spectrum, Mechanism of Action & Target Bacteria", subtitle_style)],
     [Paragraph("Sources: Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics · Campbell-Walsh Urology · Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology", source_style)]],
    colWidths=[17*cm]
)
cover_title.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), NAVY),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 18),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 18),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,0), (-1,-1), [NAVY]),
]))
story.append(cover_title)
story.append(Spacer(1, 10))

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 1 — BACTERICIDAL vs BACTERIOSTATIC
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("I.  Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic Antibiotics", DARK_BLUE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 5))

bact_data = [
    [Paragraph("💉 BACTERICIDAL", cell_head), Paragraph("🧪 BACTERIOSTATIC", cell_head)],
    [Paragraph("β-Lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins,\nCarbapenems, Monobactams)", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Tetracyclines", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Aminoglycosides", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin,\nClarithromycin)", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Fluoroquinolones", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Sulfonamides", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Vancomycin", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Trimethoprim", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Daptomycin", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Chloramphenicol", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Metronidazole (anaerobes)", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Clindamycin", cell_body)],
    [Paragraph("Rifampicin", cell_body),
     Paragraph("Linezolid", cell_body)],
]
bact_tbl = Table(bact_data, colWidths=[8.5*cm, 8.5*cm])
bact_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (0,0), DARK_BLUE),
    ("BACKGROUND", (1,0), (1,0), TEAL),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (0,-1), [LIGHT_BLUE, WHITE]),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (1,1), (1,-1), [LIGHT_TEAL, WHITE]),
    ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, MID_GREY),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
]))
story.append(bact_tbl)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "* Nitrofurantoin is generally bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal at high doses against certain organisms.",
    note_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 2 — CLASSIFICATION BY MECHANISM
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("II.  Classification by Mechanism of Action", TEAL))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── 2A. Cell Wall — β-Lactams ─────────────────────────────────────
story.append(sub_header("A.  Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors — β-Lactams", INDIGO))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "All β-lactams share a β-lactam ring and inhibit Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs), "
    "blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking.  "
    "<b>Resistance mechanisms:</b> β-lactamase production, altered PBPs (MRSA), reduced outer membrane porin penetration.",
    body_style))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))

blactam_headers = ["Subclass", "Key Drugs", "Gram (+) Coverage", "Gram (−) Coverage"]
blactam_rows = [
    ["Aminopenicillins", "Amoxicillin, Ampicillin",
     "Streptococcus, Enterococci", "Proteus mirabilis"],
    ["Aminopenicillins\n+ β-lactamase inhibitor",
     "Amoxicillin-clavulanate,\nAmpicillin-sulbactam",
     "Streptococcus, Enterococci,\nStaph (not MRSA)",
     "P. mirabilis, Klebsiella spp.,\nH. influenzae"],
    ["Antistaphylococcal\nPenicillins",
     "Nafcillin, Oxacillin,\nDicloxacillin",
     "Streptococcus, Staph\n(not MRSA)", "None"],
    ["Antipseudomonal\nPenicillins",
     "Piperacillin-tazobactam",
     "Streptococcus, Enterococci",
     "Most GNRs incl. P. aeruginosa"],
    ["1st-gen Cephalosporins",
     "Cefazolin, Cefalexin",
     "Streptococcus, Staph (not MRSA)",
     "E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella"],
    ["2nd-gen Cephalosporins\n(Group 1)",
     "Cefuroxime, Cefaclor",
     "Streptococcus, Staph (not MRSA)",
     "E. coli, P. mirabilis,\nH. influenzae, Klebsiella"],
    ["2nd-gen Cephalosporins\n(Group 2 — Cephamycins)",
     "Cefoxitin, Cefotetan",
     "Streptococcus",
     "E. coli, Proteus spp.,\nH. influenzae, anaerobes"],
    ["3rd-gen Cephalosporins",
     "Ceftriaxone",
     "Streptococcus, Staph (not MRSA)",
     "Most GNRs (excl. P. aeruginosa)"],
    ["3rd-gen Cephalosporins\n(Antipseudomonal)",
     "Ceftazidime",
     "Streptococcus",
     "Most GNRs incl. P. aeruginosa"],
    ["4th-gen Cephalosporins",
     "Cefepime",
     "Streptococcus, Staph (not MRSA)",
     "Broad GNRs incl. P. aeruginosa"],
    ["5th-gen Cephalosporins",
     "Ceftaroline",
     "Streptococcus, MRSA ✓",
     "Broad GNRs (not Pseudomonas)"],
    ["Monobactam",
     "Aztreonam",
     "None",
     "Most GNRs incl. P. aeruginosa"],
    ["Carbapenems",
     "Imipenem, Meropenem,\nErtapenem",
     "Streptococcus, Staph (not MRSA)",
     "Broadest — most GNRs\n(Pseudomonas: Imipenem/Meropenem)"],
    ["Siderophore\nCephalosporin",
     "Cefiderocol",
     "Limited",
     "Resistant GNRs via\niron-chelation transport"],
]
blactam_tbl = mk_table(
    blactam_headers, blactam_rows,
    [4.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 4.5*cm],
    INDIGO, LIGHT_NAVY
)
story.append(blactam_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── 2B. Glycopeptides ─────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(sub_header("B.  Cell Wall Inhibitors — Glycopeptides", DARK_RED))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
glyco_rows = [
    ["Vancomycin", "Binds D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of peptidoglycan precursor",
     "S. aureus (MRSA ✓), S. epidermidis,\nStreptococcus, Enterococcus\n(VRE = resistant)",
     "None — Gram (+) ONLY"],
    ["Teicoplanin", "Same as vancomycin",
     "Similar to vancomycin", "None"],
    ["Dalbavancin\nOritavancin", "Lipoglycopeptides — prolonged action",
     "MRSA, Streptococcus, VRE\n(Oritavancin)", "None"],
]
glyco_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Drug", "Mechanism", "Gram (+) Spectrum", "Gram (−)"],
    glyco_rows,
    [3*cm, 5*cm, 5.5*cm, 3.5*cm],
    DARK_RED, LIGHT_RED
)
story.append(glyco_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── PAGE BREAK ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 3 — PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("III.  Protein Synthesis Inhibitors", PURPLE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── 30S ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(sub_header("A.  30S Ribosomal Subunit Inhibitors", PURPLE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
s30_rows = [
    ["Aminoglycosides\n(Bactericidal)",
     "Gentamicin, Tobramycin,\nAmikacin, Streptomycin,\nNeomycin, Plazomicin",
     "Inhibit 30S subunit → misreading\nof mRNA → faulty proteins",
     "Aerobic GNRs: E. coli, Klebsiella,\nPseudomonas, Proteus;\nSynergistic on streptococci,\nstaphylococci, enterococci\n(+ β-lactam or vancomycin)",
     "Nephrotoxicity,\nOtotoxicity,\nNeuromuscular blockade"],
    ["Tetracyclines\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Tetracycline, Doxycycline,\nMinocycline",
     "Block aminoacyl-tRNA binding\nto 30S ribosome",
     "Broad: Gram (+), Gram (−),\nAtypicals: Chlamydia, Mycoplasma,\nRickettsia, Brucella, Vibrio",
     "Photosensitivity,\nTeeth/bone deposition\n(avoid in children <8 yrs)"],
    ["Glycylcyclines\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Tigecycline",
     "Same as tetracyclines +\noverrides efflux resistance",
     "Very broad: MRSA, VRE,\nmost GNRs, anaerobes\n(NOT Pseudomonas)",
     "Nausea/vomiting,\nhepatic dysfunction"],
]
s30_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Class", "Key Drugs", "Mechanism", "Bacterial Spectrum", "Key Toxicities"],
    s30_rows,
    [3*cm, 3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 2.5*cm],
    PURPLE, LIGHT_PURPLE
)
story.append(s30_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── 50S ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(sub_header("B.  50S Ribosomal Subunit Inhibitors", DARK_RED))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
s50_rows = [
    ["Macrolides\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Erythromycin,\nAzithromycin,\nClarithromycin",
     "Block translocation at 50S\n(bind 23S rRNA)",
     "Gram (+): Streptococcus, Staph;\nAtypicals: Legionella, Mycoplasma,\nChlamydia, Bordetella pertussis",
     "GI upset, QTc prolongation,\nCYP450 interactions"],
    ["Lincosamides\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Clindamycin",
     "Inhibit peptidyl transferase\nat 50S",
     "S. aureus (not MRSA),\nStreptococcus, Anaerobes;\nNO Gram (−) coverage",
     "C. difficile colitis,\nPseudomeningocele"],
    ["Chloramphenicol\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Chloramphenicol",
     "Inhibit peptidyl transferase\nat 50S",
     "Broad: Gram (+), Gram (−),\nAnaerobes, Rickettsia,\nNeisseria meningitidis",
     "Aplastic anaemia,\nGrey baby syndrome"],
    ["Oxazolidinones\n(Bacteriostatic)",
     "Linezolid,\nTedizolid",
     "Prevent formation of 70S\ninitiation complex",
     "Gram (+) ONLY:\nMRSA, VRE, Streptococcus,\nSome Mycobacteria",
     "Thrombocytopenia,\nSerotonin syndrome,\nOptic neuritis"],
    ["Streptogramins\n(Bactericidal in combo)",
     "Quinupristin-Dalfopristin",
     "Bind 50S — two agents\nblock sequential steps",
     "Gram (+): S. aureus,\nStreptococcus,\nVRE (E. faecium only)",
     "Myalgia,\nArthralgias"],
]
s50_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Class", "Key Drugs", "Mechanism", "Bacterial Spectrum", "Key Toxicities"],
    s50_rows,
    [3*cm, 3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 2.5*cm],
    DARK_RED, LIGHT_RED
)
story.append(s50_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── PAGE BREAK ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 4 — DNA / RNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("IV.  DNA / RNA Synthesis Inhibitors", ORANGE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

dna_rows = [
    ["Fluoroquinolones\n(Bactericidal)",
     "1st: Nalidixic acid\n2nd: Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin\n3rd: Levofloxacin\n4th: Moxifloxacin",
     "Inhibit DNA gyrase\n(topoisomerase II) &\ntopoisomerase IV",
     "1st: GNRs (urinary only)\n2nd: Broad GNRs incl. Pseudomonas\n3rd: GNRs + S. pneumoniae\n4th: GNRs + anaerobes\n(Moxifloxacin NOT Pseudomonas)",
     "Tendinopathy, QTc,\nCNS effects, avoid\nin pregnancy/children"],
    ["Rifamycins\n(Bactericidal)",
     "Rifampicin (Rifampin),\nRifabutin, Rifaximin",
     "Inhibit bacterial\nDNA-dependent\nRNA polymerase",
     "M. tuberculosis (combination),\nS. aureus (biofilm, combination),\nN. meningitidis prophylaxis,\nH. pylori (Rifabutin)",
     "Orange discolouration,\nHepatic enzyme induction,\nRapid resistance if mono"],
    ["Nitroimidazoles\n(Bactericidal—anaerobes)",
     "Metronidazole,\nTinidazole",
     "Reduced to toxic free-radical\nintermediate under anaerobic\nconditions → DNA damage",
     "Strict anaerobes:\nBacteroides fragilis,\nClostridium difficile,\nProtozoa: Giardia, Entamoeba,\nTrichomonas, H. pylori",
     "Metallic taste,\nDisulfiram-like reaction\nwith alcohol,\nPeripheral neuropathy"],
    ["Nitrofurantoin\n(Bacteriostatic/cidal)",
     "Nitrofurantoin",
     "Inhibits multiple bacterial\nenzyme systems\n(requires high urinary conc.)",
     "UTI pathogens only:\nE. coli, S. saprophyticus,\nEnterococcus faecalis",
     "Pulmonary toxicity,\nneuropathy (prolonged use)"],
]
dna_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Class", "Key Drugs", "Mechanism", "Bacterial Spectrum", "Key Toxicities"],
    dna_rows,
    [3*cm, 3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 2.5*cm],
    ORANGE, LIGHT_ORANGE
)
story.append(dna_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 5 — FOLATE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("V.  Folate Synthesis Inhibitors (Bacteriostatic)", GREEN))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

folate_rows = [
    ["Sulfonamides",
     "Sulfamethoxazole,\nSulfadiazine, Dapsone",
     "Competitive inhibit\nDihydropteroate synthase\n→ block PABA incorporation\ninto folic acid",
     "Gram (+): S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae,\nS. aureus (reduced)\nGram (−): Nocardia, Klebsiella granulomatis,\nH. ducreyi\nFungi/Parasites: Toxoplasma (sulfadiazine),\nPneumocystis jirovecii (dapsone)"],
    ["Trimethoprim",
     "Trimethoprim (TMP)",
     "Inhibit Dihydrofolate\nReductase → block\ntetrahydrofolate synthesis",
     "Gram (+) and Gram (−);\nsynergistic with sulfonamides"],
    ["TMP-SMX\n(Co-trimoxazole)",
     "Trimethoprim-\nSulfamethoxazole",
     "Sequential blockade\nof folate pathway\n(synergistic effect)",
     "E. coli, Staph, Streptococcus,\nH. influenzae, Pneumocystis jirovecii,\nNocardia, Toxoplasma,\nSalmonella, Shigella, Listeria"],
]
folate_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Drug / Class", "Examples", "Mechanism", "Bacterial & Pathogen Spectrum"],
    folate_rows,
    [3.5*cm, 4*cm, 4.5*cm, 5*cm],
    GREEN, LIGHT_GREEN
)
story.append(folate_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 6 — CELL MEMBRANE DISRUPTORS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("VI.  Cell Membrane Disruptors (Bactericidal)", DARK_RED))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

membrane_rows = [
    ["Polymyxins",
     "Colistin (Polymyxin E),\nPolymyxin B",
     "Bind LPS in outer membrane\nof GNRs → membrane\ndisruption → cell lysis",
     "Last-resort GNRs:\nAcinetobacter baumannii,\nPseudomonas aeruginosa, CRE\n(Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae)",
     "Nephrotoxicity (dose-limiting),\nneurotoxicity, reserved\nfor pan-resistant GNRs"],
    ["Daptomycin",
     "Daptomycin",
     "Calcium-dependent insertion\ninto Gram (+) membrane\n→ depolarisation → cell death",
     "Gram (+) ONLY:\nS. aureus (MRSA ✓),\nStreptococcus, VRE,\nEnterococcus",
     "Myopathy/CPK elevation,\nInactivated by lung\nsurfactant — NOT for pneumonia"],
]
membrane_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Drug Class", "Drugs", "Mechanism", "Bacterial Spectrum", "Key Considerations"],
    membrane_rows,
    [3*cm, 3.5*cm, 3.5*cm, 4*cm, 3*cm],
    DARK_RED, LIGHT_RED
)
story.append(membrane_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ── PAGE BREAK ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(PageBreak())

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 7 — SUMMARY SPECTRUM TABLE
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("VII.  Summary Spectrum at a Glance", NAVY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

def tick(val, pos_color=GREEN, neg_color=DARK_RED):
    return val  # just text in the table

TICK = "✓✓"
TICK1 = "✓"
CROSS = "—"
SYNERGY = "Synergy"

spec_headers = ["Antibiotic Class", "Gram (+)", "Gram (−)", "Anaerobes", "Atypicals", "Mycobacteria"]
spec_rows = [
    ["Penicillin G/V",          "✓✓",     "Limited",   "Some",  "—",    "—"],
    ["Aminopenicillins",         "✓",      "Limited",   "—",     "—",    "—"],
    ["Antipseudomonal PCN",      "✓",      "✓✓ + Pseudo","✓",   "—",    "—"],
    ["1st-gen Cephalosporins",   "✓",      "Limited",   "—",     "—",    "—"],
    ["3rd-gen Cephalosporins",   "✓",      "✓✓",        "—",     "—",    "—"],
    ["Carbapenems",              "✓",      "✓✓ Broadest","✓✓",  "—",    "—"],
    ["Vancomycin",               "✓✓ MRSA","—",         "—",     "—",    "—"],
    ["Aminoglycosides",          "Synergy","✓✓",        "—",     "—",    "Streptomycin"],
    ["Tetracyclines",            "✓",      "✓",         "Some",  "✓✓",   "—"],
    ["Macrolides",               "✓",      "Limited",   "—",     "✓✓",   "Some"],
    ["Fluoroquinolones (2nd)",   "Limited","✓✓ + Pseudo","—",    "—",    "—"],
    ["Fluoroquinolones (3–4th)", "✓",      "✓✓",        "4th only","—",  "—"],
    ["Metronidazole",            "—",      "—",         "✓✓",    "—",    "—"],
    ["TMP-SMX",                  "✓",      "✓",         "—",     "Some", "—"],
    ["Rifampicin",               "✓",      "—",         "—",     "—",    "✓✓"],
    ["Polymyxins",               "—",      "✓✓ Resistant","—",   "—",    "—"],
    ["Linezolid",                "✓✓ MRSA","—",         "—",     "—",    "Some"],
    ["Daptomycin",               "✓✓ MRSA","—",         "—",     "—",    "—"],
]

# Build with colour coding per cell
spec_data = [[Paragraph(h, cell_head) for h in spec_headers]]
for row in spec_rows:
    styled = [Paragraph(row[0], cell_bold)]
    for val in row[1:]:
        if "✓✓" in val:
            style = ParagraphStyle("pos2", fontName="Helvetica-Bold", fontSize=7.5,
                                   textColor=HexColor("#1B5E20"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)
        elif "✓" in val:
            style = ParagraphStyle("pos1", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                                   textColor=HexColor("#2E7D32"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)
        elif val == "—":
            style = ParagraphStyle("neg", fontName="Helvetica", fontSize=7.5,
                                   textColor=HexColor("#9E9E9E"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)
        else:
            style = ParagraphStyle("note", fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", fontSize=7.5,
                                   textColor=HexColor("#4A148C"), alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=10)
        styled.append(Paragraph(val, style))
    spec_data.append(styled)

spec_tbl = Table(spec_data, colWidths=[4*cm, 2.5*cm, 2.5*cm, 2.3*cm, 2.3*cm, 3.4*cm])
spec_style = [
    ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), NAVY),
    ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, MID_GREY),
    ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, LIGHT_NAVY]),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
    ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
]
spec_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle(spec_style))
story.append(spec_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 8))

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 8 — ANTI-MYCOBACTERIAL & SPECIAL AGENTS
# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("VIII.  Anti-Mycobacterial Agents (Special Class)", DARK_BLUE))
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

myco_rows = [
    ["Isoniazid (INH)",      "Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis (InhA)", "M. tuberculosis (1st-line)",              "Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis"],
    ["Rifampicin",           "Inhibit RNA polymerase",                "M. tuberculosis, M. leprae (combination)","Orange secretions, hepatitis, drug interactions"],
    ["Pyrazinamide (PZA)",   "Unknown — active in acidic environment","M. tuberculosis (1st-line, sterilising)",  "Hyperuricaemia, hepatotoxicity"],
    ["Ethambutol (EMB)",     "Inhibit arabinosyl transferase\n(arabinogalactan synthesis)",
     "M. tuberculosis (1st-line)", "Optic neuritis (dose/duration-dependent)"],
    ["Streptomycin",         "Inhibit 30S ribosome",                  "M. tuberculosis (2nd-line),\nM. avium complex","Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity"],
    ["Dapsone",              "Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase\n(like sulfonamides)",
     "M. leprae (leprosy),\nPneumocystis jirovecii (PCP prophylaxis)", "Haemolytic anaemia (G6PD), methaemoglobinaemia"],
]
myco_tbl = mk_table(
    ["Drug", "Mechanism", "Target Organisms", "Key Toxicities"],
    myco_rows,
    [3.5*cm, 5*cm, 5*cm, 3.5*cm],
    DARK_BLUE, LIGHT_BLUE
)
story.append(myco_tbl)
story.append(Spacer(1, 6))

# ── FOOTER note ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=MID_GREY))
story.append(Spacer(1, 4))
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Sources: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Chapter: Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Classes and Actions)  •  "
    "Campbell-Walsh Urology Tables 55.4–55.6  •  Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition",
    note_style))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print("PDF generated:", OUTPUT)