Check the radiograph of parrot there is fracture at left humerus bone and right side
| Feature | Observation |
|---|---|
| Pneumatic bones | Avian humeri are pneumatized - fractures may communicate with air sacs |
| Metal markers/clips visible | Positioning clips seen at wing tips |
| Soft tissue | Assess for swelling or emphysema near fracture site |
| Spine & coracoid | Appear within normal limits on this view |
What we say when the bones are not attached or cut off due to traumatic injury in radiographic findings
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Complete Fracture | The bone is fully broken through - both cortices are disrupted, the two fragments are completely separated |
| Displaced Fracture | The broken fragments are no longer in normal alignment - they have shifted/separated from each other |
| Distracted Fracture | The fragments are pulled apart with a visible gap between them |
| Diastasis | Abnormal separation between two bone surfaces or fragments |
| Avulsion Fracture | A fragment is pulled off (cut off) from the main bone, usually at a tendon/ligament attachment |
| Comminuted Fracture | The bone is shattered into multiple fragments - more than two pieces |
| Segmental Fracture | A segment of bone is isolated - cut off at two separate fracture lines, creating a floating piece |
"Complete displaced fracture with distraction" or simply "Fracture with complete cortical discontinuity and fragment separation"
"Transverse/oblique fracture with marked displacement and diastasis of fracture fragments"
Normal bone: ═══════════════
Incomplete: ═══════╱══════ (one cortex intact)
Complete: ═══════ ══════ (both cortices broken)
Displaced: ═══════ /════ (fragments separated/angulated)
Distracted: ═══════ ══════ (gap between ends)
Avulsion: ══════════ • (small fragment pulled off)
Comminuted: ═══ • • • ═══ (multiple pieces)