1. Consider the following statements regarding linear resistive networks: 1. Superposition theorem is applicable only if the network contains independent sources. 2. Superposition cannot be applied to power calculations directly. 3. Dependent sources must be deactivated while applying superposition. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 only (C) 2 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3 2. Consider the following statements: 1. A current source in parallel with a resistor can be converted into a voltage source in series with same resistance. 2. A 2A current source in parallel with 5 Ω is equivalent to 10 V voltage source in series with 5 Ω. 3. Source transformation is valid only for linear bilateral networks. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (A) 1 and 2 only (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3 ગુજરાતીમાં વિસ્તુત સમજ સાથે જવાબ આપો.
Dependent sources ની હાજરીમાં પણ Superposition theorem સંપૂર્ણ રીતે valid છે.
| Source | Current | Power |
|---|---|---|
| Source 1 alone | I₁ | I₁²R |
| Source 2 alone | I₂ | I₂²R |
| Both together | I₁+I₂ | (I₁+I₂)²R ≠ I₁²R + I₂²R |
Power superpose થઈ શકે નહીં — cross terms (2I₁I₂R) આવે છે.
I ↑ || R ≡ [V=IR] --- R
V = I × R = 2A × 5Ω = 10V
Source transformation ની basic requirement: linearity — bilateral હોવું strictly necessary નથી.
| પ્રશ્ન | Statement | સ્થિતિ | કારણ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 1 | ❌ | Dependent sources ની હાજરીમાં પણ Superposition valid |
| Q1 | 2 | ✅ | Power non-linear છે, directly superpose ન થાય |
| Q1 | 3 | ❌ | Dependent sources ને deactivate ન કરાય |
| Q2 | 1 | ✅ | Source transformation નો મૂળ નિયમ |
| Q2 | 2 | ✅ | V = 2×5 = 10V — ગાણિતિક રીતે સાચું |
| Q2 | 3 | ❌ | Bilateral condition required નથી |
પીડીએફમાં અક્ષર બરાબર વંચાતા નથી., તારે ફોન્ટ બદલવા જોઈએ.
ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null && python3 -c "from reportlab.lib.pagesi…
mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf && cd /home/daytona/workspac…
wget -q "https://github.com/googlefonts/noto-fonts/raw/main/hinted/ttf/NotoSansG…
~/circuit-theory-pdf/generate_pdf.py
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib.styles import ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.platypus import (
SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable
)
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics
from reportlab.pdfbase.ttfonts import TTFont
# Register Gujarati fonts
pdfmetrics.registerFont(TTFont('NotoGuj', '/home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf/NotoSansGujarati-Regular.ttf'))
pdfmetrics.registerFont(TTFont('NotoGujBold', '/home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf/NotoSansGujarati-Bold.ttf'))
# Page setup
doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
'/home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf/circuit_theory_gujarati.pdf',
pagesize=A4,
rightMargin=2*cm, leftMargin=2*cm,
topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm
)
W = A4[0] - 4*cm # usable width
# ── Styles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def guj(name, size, bold=False, color=colors.black, leading_mult=1.5,
spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=4, alignment=0):
font = 'NotoGujBold' if bold else 'NotoGuj'
return ParagraphStyle(
name,
fontName=font,
fontSize=size,
textColor=color,
leading=size * leading_mult,
spaceBefore=spaceBefore,
spaceAfter=spaceAfter,
alignment=alignment,
wordWrap='CJK',
)
s_title = guj('title', 20, bold=True, color=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'),
leading_mult=1.4, spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=8, alignment=1)
s_sub = guj('sub', 11, bold=False, color=colors.HexColor('#37474f'),
spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=12, alignment=1)
s_qhead = guj('qhead', 14, bold=True, color=colors.HexColor('#1565c0'),
spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=6)
s_stmt = guj('stmt', 11, bold=True, color=colors.HexColor('#212121'),
spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=2)
s_body = guj('body', 11, bold=False, color=colors.HexColor('#212121'),
leading_mult=1.6, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2)
s_correct = guj('correct', 11, bold=False, color=colors.HexColor('#1b5e20'),
leading_mult=1.6, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2)
s_wrong = guj('wrong', 11, bold=False, color=colors.HexColor('#b71c1c'),
leading_mult=1.6, spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2)
s_answer = guj('answer', 13, bold=True, color=colors.HexColor('#4a148c'),
spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=6)
s_eng = ParagraphStyle('eng', fontName='Helvetica', fontSize=10,
textColor=colors.HexColor('#37474f'), leading=16,
spaceBefore=2, spaceAfter=2)
s_eng_bold = ParagraphStyle('eng_bold', fontName='Helvetica-Bold', fontSize=10,
textColor=colors.HexColor('#212121'), leading=16,
spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=2)
# ── Helper ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def tick(ok):
return '✓' if ok else '✗'
def status_para(ok, text):
style = s_correct if ok else s_wrong
mark = '✅ ' if ok else '❌ '
return Paragraph(mark + text, style)
# ── Content ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story = []
# Title block
story.append(Paragraph('રેઝિસ્ટિવ નેટવર્ક થિઓરી', s_title))
story.append(Paragraph('Linear Resistive Networks — વિગતવાર ગુજરાતી સમજૂતી', s_sub))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor('#1a237e')))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# QUESTION 1
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(Paragraph('પ્રશ્ન ૧ : Superposition Theorem', s_qhead))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor('#90caf9')))
story.append(Paragraph('વિધાનો (Statements):', s_eng_bold))
# Statement 1
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 1 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"Superposition theorem ફક્ત ત્યારે જ લાગુ પડે છે જ્યારે '
'નેટવર્કમાં independent sources હોય."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(False, 'ખોટું (Incorrect)'))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Superposition theorem ની મૂળ શરત: નેટવર્ક linear હોવું જોઈએ. '
'Dependent sources ની હાજરીમાં પણ Superposition સંપૂર્ણ valid છે — '
'dependent sources circuit માં active રહે છે, '
'ફક્ત independent sources ને deactivate કરવામાં આવે છે.',
s_body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
# Statement 2
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 2 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"Power calculations માટે Superposition directly લાગુ નથી પડતો."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(True, 'સાચું (Correct)'))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Superposition ફક્ત linear quantities (voltage, current) ઉપર apply થાય. '
'Power = I²R — આ quadratic (non-linear) સંબંધ છે.',
s_body))
story.append(Paragraph(
'ઉદાહરણ: (I₁ + I₂)²R ≠ I₁²R + I₂²R [cross-term 2·I₁·I₂·R આવે]',
s_eng))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
# Statement 3
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 3 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"Superposition apply કરતી વખતે Dependent sources ને deactivate કરવા જોઈએ."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(False, 'ખોટું (Incorrect)'))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Dependent sources ને ક્યારેય deactivate ન કરાય. '
'તે circuit variable (voltage/current) ઉપર નિર્ભર છે. '
'ફક્ત Independent voltage source → short circuit, '
'Independent current source → open circuit.',
s_body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
# Deactivation rules table
data_d = [
['Source પ્રકાર', 'Deactivation પદ્ધતિ'],
['Independent Voltage Source', 'Short Circuit (0 V)'],
['Independent Current Source', 'Open Circuit (0 A)'],
['Dependent Source (any)', 'ક્યારેય Deactivate ન કરો'],
]
t_d = Table(data_d, colWidths=[W*0.5, W*0.5])
t_d.setStyle(TableStyle([
('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1565c0')),
('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'NotoGujBold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
('FONTNAME', (0,1), (-1,-1), 'NotoGuj'),
('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor('#e3f2fd'), colors.white]),
('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#90caf9')),
('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'LEFT'),
('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,3), (-1,3), [colors.HexColor('#ffcdd2')]),
]))
story.append(t_d)
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
# Answer box Q1
story.append(Paragraph('✅ સાચો જવાબ: (B) ફક્ત Statement 2', s_answer))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=1.5, color=colors.HexColor('#4a148c')))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# QUESTION 2
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(Paragraph('પ્રશ્ન ૨ : Source Transformation', s_qhead))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor('#90caf9')))
story.append(Paragraph('વિધાનો (Statements):', s_eng_bold))
# Statement 1
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 1 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"Current source in parallel with resistor → Voltage source in series with same resistance."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(True, 'સાચું (Correct)'))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Source Transformation નો મૂળ નિયમ: V = I × R\n'
'Current source I || R ⟺ Voltage source V=IR ─ R (series)',
s_body))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Polarity: Voltage source ની + terminal એ દિશામાં '
'જ્યાં current source નો current exit (arrow) થાય.',
s_body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
# Statement 2
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 2 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"2A current source in parallel with 5 Ω ≡ 10 V voltage source in series with 5 Ω."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(True, 'સાચું (Correct)'))
story.append(Paragraph('ગણતરી: V = I × R = 2 A × 5 Ω = 10 V ✓', s_eng))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Series resistance = 5 Ω — Statement 1 નો direct numerical application.',
s_body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
# Statement 3
story.append(Paragraph('Statement 3 :', s_eng_bold))
story.append(Paragraph(
'"Source transformation ફક્ત linear bilateral networks માટે જ valid છે."',
s_stmt))
story.append(status_para(False, 'ખોટું (Incorrect)'))
story.append(Paragraph(
'Source transformation ની actual condition: '
'external terminals પર same V-I relationship જળવાઈ રહેવી. '
'"Bilateral" હોવું strictly necessary નથી. '
'Linearity (V = IR) ની જ જરૂર છે. '
'Unilateral elements (diodes, transistors) ધરાવતા circuits માં '
'ચોક્કસ conditions હેઠળ source transformation possible છે.',
s_body))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
# Summary table Q2
data_s2 = [
['Statement', 'સ્થિતિ', 'કારણ (સટૂક)'],
['1', '✅ સાચું', 'V = IR — source transformation નો નિયમ'],
['2', '✅ સાચું', 'V = 2×5 = 10 V — ગાણિતિક ચકાસણી'],
['3', '❌ ખોટું', 'Bilateral ની શરત required નથી'],
]
t_s2 = Table(data_s2, colWidths=[W*0.12, W*0.18, W*0.70])
t_s2.setStyle(TableStyle([
('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1565c0')),
('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'NotoGujBold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
('FONTNAME', (0,1), (-1,-1), 'NotoGuj'),
('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'), colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'),
colors.HexColor('#ffcdd2')]),
('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#90caf9')),
('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'LEFT'),
('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
]))
story.append(t_s2)
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.3*cm))
story.append(Paragraph('✅ સાચો જવાબ: (A) Statement 1 અને 2', s_answer))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=1.5, color=colors.HexColor('#4a148c')))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm))
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MASTER SUMMARY TABLE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(Paragraph('સારાંશ કોષ્ટક (Master Summary)', s_qhead))
story.append(HRFlowable(width=W, thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor('#90caf9')))
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.2*cm))
data_ms = [
['પ્રશ્ન', 'Statement', 'સ્થિતિ', 'કારણ'],
['Q1', '1', '❌ ખોટું', 'Dependent sources ની હાજરીમાં પણ valid'],
['Q1', '2', '✅ સાચું', 'Power non-linear — directly superpose ન થાય'],
['Q1', '3', '❌ ખોટું', 'Dependent sources ને deactivate ન કરાય'],
['Q2', '1', '✅ સાચું', 'Source transformation નો મૂળ નિયમ'],
['Q2', '2', '✅ સાચું', 'V = 2×5 = 10V — ગાણિતિક ચકાસણી'],
['Q2', '3', '❌ ખોટું', 'Bilateral condition required નથી'],
]
col_w = [W*0.08, W*0.14, W*0.16, W*0.62]
t_ms = Table(data_ms, colWidths=col_w)
t_ms.setStyle(TableStyle([
('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1a237e')),
('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white),
('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'NotoGujBold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
('FONTNAME', (0,1), (-1,-1), 'NotoGuj'),
('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1),
[colors.HexColor('#ffcdd2'), colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'),
colors.HexColor('#ffcdd2'), colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'),
colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9'), colors.HexColor('#ffcdd2')]),
('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#9fa8da')),
('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'LEFT'),
('LEFTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
('RIGHTPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6),
('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
]))
story.append(t_ms)
story.append(Spacer(1, 0.4*cm))
# Final answers
story.append(Paragraph('અંતિમ જવાબ:', s_qhead))
story.append(Paragraph('પ્રશ્ન ૧ → (B) ફક્ત Statement 2', s_answer))
story.append(Paragraph('પ્રશ્ન ૨ → (A) Statement 1 અને 2', s_answer))
# Build
doc.build(story)
print("PDF generated successfully!")
python3 /home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf/generate_pdf.py
ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/circuit-theory-pdf/circuit_theory_gujarati.pdf
circuit theory gujarati
PDF Document · PDF
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