Write normal value of hemoglobin for Adult Male,Adult Female,Neonate,Infant take reference from Robbins and highly acclaimed clinical pathology books
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I now have all the data I need from multiple authoritative sources. Let me compile a comprehensive, well-referenced answer.
Here is the complete reference table for Normal Hemoglobin Values drawn directly from multiple authoritative textbooks:
Normal Hemoglobin Values (g/dL)
Adult Values
| Population | Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (10th ed.) Table 14.2 | Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology Table 10.2 | Henry's Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods Table 31.2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Male | 13.6 – 17.2 | 13.2 – 16.6 | 14.0 – 17.5 (mean 15.7) |
| Adult Female | 12.0 – 15.0 | 11.6 – 15.0 | 12.3 – 15.3 (mean 13.8) |
Note: Reference ranges vary among laboratories. The reference ranges for the laboratory providing the result should always be used (Robbins)
Neonate and Infant Values
From The Harriet Lane Handbook, 23rd Edition (The Johns Hopkins Hospital) - Table 14.1, and Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods:
| Age / Population | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Neonate - Preterm (26–30 weeks' gestation) | Mean 13.4 (lower limit ~11.0) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Neonate - 28 weeks' gestation | Mean 14.5 | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Neonate - 32 weeks' gestation | Mean 15.0 | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Neonate - Term (cord blood) | Mean 16.5 (lower limit 13.5) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Neonate - 1 to 3 days (capillary) | Mean 18.5 (lower limit 14.5) | Harriet Lane / Henry's (capillary avg 19.0 g/dL; 95% CI 14.6–23.4) |
| Neonate - 2 weeks | Mean 16.6 (lower limit 13.4) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Infant - 1 month | Mean 13.9 (lower limit 10.7) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Infant - 2 months | Mean 11.2 (lower limit 9.4) | Physiologic nadir ("physiologic anemia of infancy") |
| Infant - 6 months | Mean 12.6 (lower limit 11.1) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
| Infant - 6 months to 2 years | Mean 12.0 (lower limit 10.5) | Per Harriet Lane Handbook |
Key note from Henry's (p. 628): Cord blood Hb averages 16.8 g/dL (95% normal: 13.5–20.0 g/dL). During the first 2 weeks, the lower limit of normal is 14.5 g/dL for capillary blood and 13.0 g/dL for venous blood. The Hb falls steeply in the first weeks of life, reaching its minimum at 2 months (mean 11.2 g/dL, lower limit 9.4 g/dL) - this is the "physiologic anemia of infancy." After 4 months, the lower limit rises to 11.2 g/dL.
Summary Quick-Reference Table
| Population | Normal Hemoglobin Range (g/dL) | Primary Source |
|---|---|---|
| Adult Male | 13.2 – 17.5 | Robbins (Basic: 13.2–16.6; PBD: 13.6–17.2; Henry's: 14.0–17.5) |
| Adult Female | 11.6 – 15.0 | Robbins (Basic: 11.6–15.0; PBD: 12.0–15.0; Henry's: 12.3–15.3) |
| Neonate (full-term, cord blood) | 13.5 – 20.0 (mean ~16.5–16.8) | Henry's / Harriet Lane |
| Neonate (day 1–3, capillary) | 14.5 – 23.4 (mean ~18.5–19.0) | Henry's / Harriet Lane |
| Infant (2 months, physiologic nadir) | 9.4 – 14.0 (mean ~11.2) | Henry's / Harriet Lane |
| Infant (6 months) | 11.1 – 14.1 (mean ~12.6) | Harriet Lane |
| Infant (6 mo – 2 yr) | 10.5 – 13.5 (mean ~12.0) | Harriet Lane |
Sources
- Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition - Table 14.2 (Kumar, Abbas, Aster) - [Robbins PBD, p. 595]
- Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology, 11th Edition - Table 10.2 (values from Mayo Clinic Labs) - [Robbins Basic Pathology, p. ~10 chapter]
- Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods, 24th Edition - Table 31.2 and pp. 627–628 (McPherson & Pincus) - the gold-standard clinical pathology reference
- The Harriet Lane Handbook, 23rd Edition - Table 14.1 (The Johns Hopkins Hospital) - the standard pediatric reference
Important clinical notes:
- Capillary (heel-stick) values in neonates run ~1–3 g/dL higher than venous values
- Hemoglobin peaks at birth then falls to a physiologic nadir at ~2 months of age - this is normal and is called "physiologic anemia of infancy"
- All ranges represent the 95% reference interval; values outside these ranges warrant investigation
- High altitude, smoking, and posture affect Hb values in adults
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