Analyze last five years NEET PG, recent FMG and recent INICT papers and frame me a predicted NEET PG 2026. Paper.

Reading File
This is a large, multi-part request. A reliable predicted NEET PG 2026 paper should be built from:
  1. NEET PG trend analysis: subject-wise weightage and recurring concepts across the last 5 years
  2. Recent INI-CET analysis: high-concept and integrated clinical-question trends
  3. Recent FMGE analysis: core factual repeats and commonly tested basics
  4. 2026 prediction blueprint: expected subject distribution, high-yield themes, and question styles
  5. Full mock paper: 200 single-best-answer MCQs with answers and concise explanations
  6. Revision add-on: a list of predicted repeat topics and “must-do” areas
In broad terms, the 2026 paper is likely to continue moving toward clinical integration, image-based questions, applied pharmacology, radiology/pathology correlation, emergency algorithms, national programmes, and newer guideline-oriented concepts. INI-CET trends can help identify the more conceptual end of the spectrum, while FMGE reinforces foundational topics that NEET PG can test in a more clinical format.
Which deliverable should I prepare first?
  • Complete 200-question mock
  • Trend analysis + predicted blueprint
  • Predicted topics subject-wise
  • 50-question high-yield mini mock

Generate a 50-question high-yield predicted mini mock But with crisp explanations beliw

Reading File
Searching the Web

NEET PG recent exam pattern subject weightage INI CET question trends 2025 2026

Finding Sources
Finding Sources
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Searching PubMed

medical education NEET PG examination

Searching PubMed

India clinical practice guideline

Predicted NEET PG 2026 Mini Mock

50 single-best-answer questions
Attempt first, then check the crisp explanations below.

Questions

1. A patient with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction develops hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lung fields. The most likely associated finding is:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Right ventricular infarction
C. Papillary muscle rupture
D. Ventricular septal rupture
2. A 24-year-old woman has palpitations, tremor, weight loss, and a diffusely enlarged thyroid. TSH is suppressed and free T4 is elevated. Which antibody is most specific for Graves disease?
A. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody
C. TSH receptor antibody
D. Anti-microsomal antibody
3. The earliest ECG change in hyperkalemia is:
A. Broad QRS complex
B. Tall tented T waves
C. Sine-wave pattern
D. Prolonged PR interval
4. A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L. The immediate next step is:
A. Start IV insulin infusion
B. Give IV sodium bicarbonate
C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
D. Start dextrose infusion
5. A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops renal-vein thrombosis. The urinary loss most directly responsible for hypercoagulability is:
A. Albumin
B. Antithrombin III
C. Immunoglobulin A
D. Transferrin
6. The most common cause of death in the first 24 hours following acute pancreatitis is:
A. Sepsis
B. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Pancreatic pseudocyst
7. A young adult with fever, altered sensorium, focal seizures, and temporal-lobe involvement on MRI most likely has encephalitis due to:
A. Japanese encephalitis virus
B. Herpes simplex virus-1
C. Rabies virus
D. Cytomegalovirus
8. A patient develops ptosis, diplopia, and pupillary dilatation. The lesion is most likely compressing which cranial nerve?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Trochlear nerve
D. Abducens nerve
9. A patient has hemoptysis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and linear IgG deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The diagnosis is:
A. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
B. Goodpasture syndrome
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Polyarteritis nodosa
10. A patient on antitubercular therapy develops impaired color vision and central scotoma. The responsible drug is:
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampicin
C. Ethambutol
D. Pyrazinamide
11. Which antitubercular drug is most associated with peripheral neuropathy that is prevented by pyridoxine?
A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Ethambutol
D. Streptomycin
12. A patient receiving heparin develops thrombocytopenia with new thrombosis. The best immediate management is:
A. Continue heparin and observe
B. Stop heparin and start warfarin immediately
C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
D. Give platelet transfusion alone
13. The antidote for paracetamol poisoning is:
A. Naloxone
B. N-acetylcysteine
C. Atropine
D. Pralidoxime
14. A farmer presents with salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, miosis, and bronchorrhea after pesticide exposure. The first drug to administer is:
A. Atropine
B. Pralidoxime only
C. Diazepam
D. Naloxone
15. Vancomycin rapidly infused intravenously can cause:
A. Gray baby syndrome
B. Red man syndrome
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D. Serotonin syndrome
16. The most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide is:
A. Thalassemia
B. Sideroblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Anemia of chronic disease
17. A peripheral smear shows schistocytes. This is most characteristic of:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
18. Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristically positive for:
A. CD3 and CD20
B. CD15 and CD30
C. CD5 and CD23
D. CD10 and BCL2
19. The most common type of renal cell carcinoma is:
A. Papillary RCC
B. Chromophobe RCC
C. Clear-cell RCC
D. Collecting-duct carcinoma
20. A young woman has a breast lump that is firm, mobile, painless, and well circumscribed. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
C. Phyllodes tumor
D. Fat necrosis
21. The most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage is:
A. Retained placenta
B. Uterine atony
C. Genital tract trauma
D. Coagulation disorder
22. The first-line drug for prevention and treatment of eclamptic seizures is:
A. Diazepam
B. Phenytoin
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Phenobarbitone
23. In a woman with placenta previa, digital vaginal examination is:
A. Mandatory before ultrasound
B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
C. Required to assess cervical dilatation
D. Safe after 28 weeks
24. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is:
A. Isthmus of fallopian tube
B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
25. A postpartum woman has fever, lower abdominal pain, foul-smelling lochia, and uterine tenderness. The diagnosis is:
A. Postpartum endometritis
B. Mastitis
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Deep vein thrombosis
26. A child with barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness most likely has:
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Foreign-body aspiration
D. Bronchiolitis
27. A child with severe dehydration due to acute diarrhea is lethargic, has sunken eyes, and skin pinch returns very slowly. Initial management is:
A. ORS 75 mL/kg over 4 hours
B. IV fluid resuscitation as per severe-dehydration protocol
C. Zinc alone
D. Antibiotics in all cases
28. The most common congenital heart disease overall is:
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Patent ductus arteriosus
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
29. A child has cyanosis that improves on squatting. The diagnosis is:
A. Transposition of great arteries
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
30. The most common organism causing neonatal sepsis in India is commonly tested as:
A. Group B Streptococcus
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
31. A patient with acute appendicitis has pain initially around the umbilicus that later localizes to the right iliac fossa. This migration occurs because:
A. Visceral pain becomes somatic after parietal peritoneal irritation
B. The appendix moves from umbilicus to right iliac fossa
C. Obturator nerve is irritated initially
D. The cecum shifts position
32. The most common cause of small-bowel obstruction in a patient with previous abdominal surgery is:
A. Volvulus
B. Adhesions
C. Intussusception
D. Colorectal carcinoma
33. Courvoisier sign is classically associated with:
A. Gallstone obstruction of common bile duct
B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
C. Acute cholecystitis
D. Hepatitis A
34. The preferred initial imaging modality in suspected acute appendicitis in a child is:
A. Plain X-ray abdomen
B. Ultrasound abdomen
C. Barium enema
D. PET-CT
35. A trauma patient has hypotension, absent breath sounds on one side, and tracheal deviation to the opposite side. Immediate management is:
A. Chest X-ray before treatment
B. Needle decompression
C. CT chest
D. Bronchoscopy
36. The nerve most commonly injured during thyroidectomy is:
A. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
C. Facial nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
37. Erb palsy results from injury to:
A. C5-C6 roots
B. C8-T1 roots
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
38. A fracture of the surgical neck of humerus may injure the:
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
39. The artery most commonly involved in extradural hematoma is:
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Lenticulostriate artery
40. A lesion in the dominant inferior frontal gyrus causes:
A. Wernicke aphasia
B. Broca aphasia
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Global aphasia
41. The causative organism of gas gangrene is:
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridioides difficile
D. Staphylococcus aureus
42. The characteristic finding in cholera stool is:
A. Numerous RBCs and pus cells
B. Rice-water stool with darting motility of Vibrio
C. Trophozoites with ingested RBCs
D. Sulfur granules
43. Negri bodies are seen in:
A. Rabies
B. Measles
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
44. Which vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Tetanus toxoid
B. Inactivated influenza vaccine
C. Hepatitis B vaccine
D. MMR vaccine
45. The secondary attack rate is best defined as the:
A. Total cases in a population during a year
B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
C. Number of deaths due to disease divided by population
D. Proportion of people with a disease at a point in time
46. Sensitivity of a screening test is its ability to correctly identify:
A. Persons without disease
B. Persons with disease
C. True negatives only
D. False positives only
47. The most appropriate measure of central tendency for highly skewed data is:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode only
D. Standard deviation
48. A doctor should disclose confidential patient information without consent when:
A. A friend requests it
B. A journalist requests it
C. Required by law or there is serious risk to others
D. The patient is famous
49. A patient expresses a wish to donate organs after death. The ethical principle most directly respected is:
A. Autonomy
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Paternalism
50. In organophosphate poisoning, “aging” of acetylcholinesterase refers to:
A. Recovery of enzyme activity with time
B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-enzyme bond
C. Increased production of acetylcholine
D. Delayed absorption of poison from gut

Answers With Crisp Explanations

QAnswerCrisp explanation
1BInferior-wall MI with hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lungs suggests right-ventricular infarction.
2CTSH-receptor antibodies directly stimulate the receptor and are specific for Graves disease.
3BHyperkalemia first produces tall, narrow, tented T waves.
4CIf K+ is <3.3 mEq/L, replace potassium before insulin, as insulin further lowers serum K+.
5BLoss of antithrombin III in urine causes the hypercoagulable state of nephrotic syndrome.
6CEarly death in acute pancreatitis is usually from hypovolemia/shock due to third-space fluid loss.
7BHSV-1 encephalitis classically affects temporal lobes and causes seizures with altered behavior/sensorium.
8BA dilated pupil with ptosis and diplopia suggests compressive oculomotor nerve palsy.
9BPulmonary hemorrhage + RPGN + linear GBM IgG deposits = anti-GBM disease/Goodpasture syndrome.
10CEthambutol causes optic neuritis, red-green color defect, and central scotoma.
11BIsoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, prevented with pyridoxine.
12CIn HIT, stop all heparin and anticoagulate with a non-heparin drug such as argatroban.
13BN-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione and limits toxic NAPQI injury.
14AAtropine reverses life-threatening muscarinic manifestations, especially bronchorrhea and bradycardia.
15BRapid vancomycin infusion can cause histamine-mediated red man syndrome.
16CIron deficiency anemia is the commonest microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide.
17CSchistocytes are fragmented RBCs seen in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia such as DIC/TTP/HUS.
18BClassical Hodgkin lymphoma Reed-Sternberg cells are CD15+ and CD30+.
19CClear-cell RCC is the most common histologic subtype.
20AA mobile, painless, well-circumscribed breast mass in a young woman is typically a fibroadenoma.
21BThe commonest cause of primary PPH is uterine atony. Think “Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin.”
22CMagnesium sulfate is first line for eclampsia seizure control and prevention of recurrence.
23BDo not perform digital vaginal examination in suspected placenta previa until placental location is established.
24BThe ampulla is the commonest location for ectopic implantation.
25AFever, uterine tenderness, foul lochia after delivery indicate postpartum endometritis.
26BBarking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor indicate croup due to subglottic edema.
27BSevere dehydration requires prompt IV rehydration, followed by reassessment and oral replacement when possible.
28AVentricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease overall.
29BSquatting increases systemic vascular resistance and reduces right-to-left shunting in tetralogy of Fallot.
30BIn Indian exam settings, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a frequent key answer for neonatal sepsis.
31AEarly visceral pain is periumbilical; later parietal peritoneal irritation causes localized right-iliac-fossa pain.
32BPostoperative adhesions are the commonest cause of small-bowel obstruction.
33BA palpable, nontender gallbladder with jaundice suggests malignant obstruction, classically pancreatic-head carcinoma.
34BUltrasound is preferred initially in children because it avoids radiation.
35BThis is tension pneumothorax. Treat immediately with needle decompression, without waiting for imaging.
36BInjury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes hoarseness and vocal-cord paralysis.
37AErb palsy is an upper trunk injury involving C5-C6 roots, causing “waiter’s tip” posture.
38BThe axillary nerve winds around the surgical neck of the humerus.
39BExtradural hematoma most often follows rupture of the middle meningeal artery.
40BDominant inferior frontal gyrus is Broca area. Its lesion causes nonfluent Broca aphasia.
41BClostridium perfringens is the usual cause of gas gangrene/myonecrosis.
42BCholera produces rice-water stools; Vibrio cholerae shows darting motility on dark-field microscopy.
43ANegri bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons in rabies.
44DMMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated in pregnancy.
45BSecondary attack rate measures disease among susceptible contacts exposed to a primary case.
46BSensitivity is the ability to correctly identify people who truly have disease.
47BMedian is least affected by extreme values and is best for skewed distributions.
48CConfidentiality can be breached when legally required or to prevent serious harm to others.
49AHonoring a competent patient’s organ-donation preference respects autonomy.
50BAging makes organophosphate-AChE binding increasingly irreversible, reducing pralidoxime benefit.

High-yield focus from this mock

Prioritize emergency algorithms, toxicology antidotes, obstetric emergencies, basic imaging choices, neuro-localization, microbiology image/fact questions, biostatistics, and ethics. These are particularly suitable for clinically framed NEET PG-style questions.

Okay, just add the answers and explanation below the question. Not... After completion of the questions.

Understood. I’ll place the answer and a crisp explanation immediately below each question, rather than providing a separate answer key at the end.
Format:
1. Question
A. Option
B. Option
C. Option
D. Option
Answer: B
Explanation: One-line reason why B is correct, with a quick differentiator if useful.

Regenerate the 50-question mock in this format

Reading File

Predicted NEET PG 2026: 50-Question High-Yield Mini Mock

1. Acute MI with hypotension

A patient with acute inferior-wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction develops hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lung fields. The most likely associated diagnosis is:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Right ventricular infarction
C. Papillary-muscle rupture
D. Ventricular septal rupture
Answer: B. Right ventricular infarction
Explanation: Hypotension + raised JVP + clear lungs is the classic triad of right-ventricular infarction. These patients are preload dependent.

2. Graves disease antibody

A woman has weight loss, tremor, diffuse goiter, suppressed TSH, and elevated free T4. Which antibody is most specific for Graves disease?
A. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody
C. TSH-receptor antibody
D. Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Answer: C. TSH-receptor antibody
Explanation: Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins bind and activate the TSH receptor, producing Graves hyperthyroidism.

3. Hyperkalemia ECG

The earliest ECG change in hyperkalemia is:
A. Broad QRS complex
B. Tall tented T waves
C. Sine-wave pattern
D. Complete heart block
Answer: B. Tall tented T waves
Explanation: Peaked T waves occur early. Progressive hyperkalemia causes PR prolongation, QRS widening, and eventually a sine-wave pattern.

4. DKA and low potassium

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. The next best step is:
A. Start intravenous insulin immediately
B. Give sodium bicarbonate
C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
D. Start dextrose infusion immediately
Answer: C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
Explanation: If K+ is below 3.3 mEq/L, insulin must be withheld temporarily because it can precipitate dangerous hypokalemia.

5. Nephrotic syndrome thrombosis

A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops renal-vein thrombosis. Urinary loss of which factor contributes most directly to hypercoagulability?
A. Albumin
B. Antithrombin III
C. Ceruloplasmin
D. Transferrin
Answer: B. Antithrombin III
Explanation: Loss of antithrombin III, along with increased hepatic production of clotting factors, predisposes to thrombosis.

6. Acute pancreatitis

The commonest cause of acute pancreatitis in adults is:
A. Alcohol use
B. Gallstones
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Scorpion sting
Answer: B. Gallstones
Explanation: Gallstones are the leading cause overall. Alcohol is another major cause, especially in recurrent pancreatitis.

7. Temporal-lobe encephalitis

A young adult has fever, altered sensorium, focal seizures, and temporal-lobe abnormalities on MRI. The most likely causative organism is:
A. Japanese encephalitis virus
B. Herpes simplex virus-1
C. Rabies virus
D. Cytomegalovirus
Answer: B. Herpes simplex virus-1
Explanation: HSV-1 encephalitis classically involves the temporal lobes and often presents with seizures and behavioral change.

8. Dilated pupil with ptosis

A patient has ptosis, diplopia, and a dilated nonreactive pupil. Which cranial nerve is affected?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Trochlear nerve
D. Abducens nerve
Answer: B. Oculomotor nerve
Explanation: A compressive third-nerve palsy causes ptosis, “down-and-out” eye, and pupillary dilatation.

9. Pulmonary-renal syndrome

A patient has hemoptysis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and linear IgG deposition along the glomerular basement membrane. The diagnosis is:
A. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
B. Goodpasture syndrome
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Polyarteritis nodosa
Answer: B. Goodpasture syndrome
Explanation: Anti-GBM antibodies produce pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with linear IgG deposits.

10. ATT-associated optic neuritis

A patient on antitubercular treatment develops central scotoma and impaired red-green color vision. The responsible drug is:
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampicin
C. Ethambutol
D. Pyrazinamide
Answer: C. Ethambutol
Explanation: Ethambutol causes retrobulbar optic neuritis, typically with red-green color blindness and central scotoma.

11. Isoniazid adverse effect

Which antitubercular drug commonly causes peripheral neuropathy that can be prevented by pyridoxine?
A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Ethambutol
D. Streptomycin
Answer: B. Isoniazid
Explanation: Isoniazid depletes pyridoxine, causing peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B6 prophylaxis is especially important in high-risk patients.

12. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A patient receiving heparin develops thrombocytopenia and new thrombosis. The best immediate step is:
A. Continue heparin and monitor platelet count
B. Stop heparin and begin warfarin immediately
C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
D. Give platelet transfusion only
Answer: C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
Explanation: In HIT, stop all heparin and use an alternative anticoagulant such as argatroban. Warfarin should not be started alone in the acute phase.

13. Paracetamol poisoning

The antidote for significant paracetamol overdose is:
A. Naloxone
B. N-acetylcysteine
C. Atropine
D. Pralidoxime
Answer: B. N-acetylcysteine
Explanation: N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione and detoxifies the toxic metabolite NAPQI.

14. Organophosphate poisoning

A farmer has salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, miosis, bradycardia, and bronchorrhea after pesticide exposure. The first drug for life-threatening muscarinic manifestations is:
A. Atropine
B. Pralidoxime only
C. Naloxone
D. Flumazenil
Answer: A. Atropine
Explanation: Atropine reverses muscarinic toxicity, particularly bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and bradycardia. Pralidoxime is added early when indicated.

15. Vancomycin reaction

Rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin can cause:
A. Gray baby syndrome
B. Red man syndrome
C. Serotonin syndrome
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Answer: B. Red man syndrome
Explanation: Rapid infusion causes histamine release, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. Slow the infusion rate.

16. Microcytic anemia

The commonest cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide is:
A. Thalassemia
B. Sideroblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: C. Iron deficiency anemia
Explanation: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of microcytic anemia. Low ferritin is a useful diagnostic marker.

17. Schistocytes

Schistocytes on peripheral smear are characteristic of:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
Answer: C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Explanation: RBC fragmentation occurs in TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP syndrome, and mechanical-valve hemolysis.

18. Hodgkin lymphoma marker

Classical Reed-Sternberg cells are typically positive for:
A. CD3 and CD20
B. CD15 and CD30
C. CD5 and CD23
D. CD10 and BCL2
Answer: B. CD15 and CD30
Explanation: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is characteristically CD15+ and CD30+.

19. Renal cell carcinoma

The commonest histological type of renal cell carcinoma is:
A. Papillary renal cell carcinoma
B. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
C. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
D. Collecting-duct carcinoma
Answer: C. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Explanation: Clear-cell RCC is the most common subtype and is associated with VHL gene abnormalities.

20. Breast lump in young woman

A 22-year-old woman has a painless, firm, mobile, well-circumscribed breast lump. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
C. Phyllodes tumor
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: A. Fibroadenoma
Explanation: Fibroadenoma is the commonest benign breast tumor in young women and is typically mobile and well defined.

21. Primary postpartum hemorrhage

The most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage is:
A. Retained placental tissue
B. Uterine atony
C. Genital tract trauma
D. Coagulation disorder
Answer: B. Uterine atony
Explanation: Uterine atony is the leading cause of PPH. Recall the four Ts: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin.

22. Eclampsia management

The first-line drug for prevention and treatment of seizures in eclampsia is:
A. Diazepam
B. Phenytoin
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Phenobarbitone
Answer: C. Magnesium sulfate
Explanation: Magnesium sulfate is preferred for seizure control and prevention of recurrent convulsions in eclampsia.

23. Placenta previa

In suspected placenta previa, digital vaginal examination is:
A. Mandatory before ultrasound
B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
C. Necessary to assess cervical dilatation
D. Safe after 28 weeks
Answer: B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
Explanation: Digital examination can provoke severe hemorrhage in placenta previa. Ultrasound should establish placental location first.

24. Ectopic pregnancy

The commonest site of ectopic pregnancy is:
A. Isthmus of fallopian tube
B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
Answer: B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
Explanation: The ampullary region is the most frequent site of ectopic implantation.

25. Postpartum fever

A postpartum woman has fever, uterine tenderness, lower abdominal pain, and foul-smelling lochia. The diagnosis is:
A. Postpartum endometritis
B. Mastitis
C. Deep-vein thrombosis
D. Acute pyelonephritis
Answer: A. Postpartum endometritis
Explanation: Fever with foul lochia and uterine tenderness is typical of postpartum endometritis, especially after cesarean delivery.

26. Croup

A child presents with barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign-body aspiration
Answer: B. Croup
Explanation: Croup is viral laryngotracheobronchitis causing subglottic edema, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor.

27. Severe dehydration in child

A child with acute diarrhea is lethargic, has sunken eyes, and has a skin pinch that returns very slowly. The initial management is:
A. Oral rehydration solution alone
B. Intravenous fluid resuscitation according to severe-dehydration protocol
C. Zinc only
D. Routine antibiotic therapy
Answer: B. Intravenous fluid resuscitation according to severe-dehydration protocol
Explanation: These are WHO signs of severe dehydration. Immediate IV rehydration is required, followed by reassessment.

28. Commonest congenital heart disease

The most common congenital heart disease overall is:
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Patent ductus arteriosus
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
Answer: A. Ventricular septal defect
Explanation: VSD is the most common congenital cardiac defect overall.

29. Cyanosis relieved by squatting

A child has cyanotic spells that improve on squatting. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Transposition of great arteries
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Answer: B. Tetralogy of Fallot
Explanation: Squatting raises systemic vascular resistance, decreasing right-to-left shunting in TOF.

30. Neonatal sepsis

A commonly tested important cause of neonatal sepsis in Indian hospital settings is:
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
D. Haemophilus influenzae type b
Answer: A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Explanation: Klebsiella is a major cause of hospital-acquired neonatal sepsis in India. Local microbiological patterns may vary.

31. Migratory pain in appendicitis

Pain in acute appendicitis begins near the umbilicus and later localizes to the right iliac fossa because:
A. Visceral pain becomes localized after parietal peritoneal irritation
B. The appendix migrates toward the right iliac fossa
C. The cecum moves downward during inflammation
D. The obturator nerve is irritated first
Answer: A. Visceral pain becomes localized after parietal peritoneal irritation
Explanation: Initial visceral afferent pain is referred to T10, around the umbilicus. Parietal peritoneal involvement causes localized somatic pain.

32. Small-bowel obstruction

The most common cause of small-bowel obstruction in a patient with prior abdominal surgery is:
A. Volvulus
B. Adhesions
C. Intussusception
D. Colorectal carcinoma
Answer: B. Adhesions
Explanation: Postoperative adhesions are the leading cause of small-bowel obstruction in adults.

33. Courvoisier sign

A palpable, nontender gallbladder in a jaundiced patient most strongly suggests:
A. Gallstone obstruction of common bile duct
B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
C. Acute cholecystitis
D. Acute viral hepatitis
Answer: B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
Explanation: Courvoisier sign suggests malignant distal biliary obstruction, classically carcinoma of the pancreatic head.

34. Appendicitis imaging in child

The preferred initial imaging study in a child with suspected acute appendicitis is:
A. Plain X-ray abdomen
B. Ultrasound abdomen
C. Barium enema
D. PET-CT
Answer: B. Ultrasound abdomen
Explanation: Ultrasound is preferred first because it avoids ionizing radiation. CT is used if ultrasound is inconclusive and suspicion remains high.

35. Tension pneumothorax

A trauma patient has hypotension, unilateral absent breath sounds, and tracheal deviation to the opposite side. The immediate management is:
A. Chest X-ray before intervention
B. Needle decompression
C. CT chest
D. Bronchoscopy
Answer: B. Needle decompression
Explanation: This is tension pneumothorax. It is a clinical diagnosis and requires immediate decompression, followed by tube thoracostomy.

36. Thyroidectomy nerve injury

The nerve most commonly injured during thyroidectomy is:
A. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
C. Facial nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
Answer: B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Explanation: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury causes hoarseness due to vocal-cord paralysis.

37. Erb palsy

Erb palsy results from injury to:
A. C5-C6 roots
B. C8-T1 roots
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Answer: A. C5-C6 roots
Explanation: Upper trunk injury causes the “waiter's tip” deformity: adducted, internally rotated arm with extended elbow.

38. Surgical neck of humerus

A fracture of the surgical neck of humerus most commonly injures the:
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Answer: B. Axillary nerve
Explanation: The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass around the surgical neck.

39. Extradural hematoma

The artery most commonly involved in extradural hematoma is:
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Lenticulostriate artery
Answer: B. Middle meningeal artery
Explanation: Temporal bone fracture can tear the middle meningeal artery, producing a biconvex lens-shaped hematoma.

40. Broca area

A lesion of the dominant inferior frontal gyrus causes:
A. Wernicke aphasia
B. Broca aphasia
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Global aphasia
Answer: B. Broca aphasia
Explanation: Broca aphasia causes nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved comprehension.

41. Gas gangrene

The usual organism causing gas gangrene is:
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridioides difficile
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: B. Clostridium perfringens
Explanation: C. perfringens causes clostridial myonecrosis through toxins, particularly alpha toxin.

42. Cholera

A characteristic laboratory finding in cholera is:
A. Numerous RBCs and pus cells in stool
B. Darting motility of Vibrio cholerae
C. Trophozoites containing ingested RBCs
D. Sulfur granules in pus
Answer: B. Darting motility of Vibrio cholerae
Explanation: V. cholerae demonstrates rapid darting motility. Clinically, it causes profuse rice-water diarrhea.

43. Negri bodies

Negri bodies are characteristic of:
A. Rabies
B. Measles
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
Answer: A. Rabies
Explanation: Negri bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions found in neurons, classically hippocampal pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells.

44. Vaccine in pregnancy

Which vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Tetanus toxoid
B. Inactivated influenza vaccine
C. Hepatitis B vaccine
D. MMR vaccine
Answer: D. MMR vaccine
Explanation: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy.

45. Secondary attack rate

Secondary attack rate is best defined as:
A. Total number of new cases in a year
B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
C. Proportion of people with disease at a point in time
D. Number of deaths divided by total population
Answer: B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
Explanation: It measures disease spread among close susceptible contacts of primary cases.

46. Sensitivity

Sensitivity of a screening test is its ability to correctly identify:
A. People without disease
B. People who have disease
C. False-positive results
D. True-negative results
Answer: B. People who have disease
Explanation: Sensitivity = true positives divided by all persons who truly have the disease.

47. Skewed data

The most appropriate measure of central tendency for highly skewed data is:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Standard deviation
D. Variance
Answer: B. Median
Explanation: The median is less affected by extreme values and is preferred for skewed distributions.

48. Medical confidentiality

A doctor may disclose confidential patient information without consent when:
A. A friend of the patient asks
B. A journalist asks
C. Disclosure is required by law or needed to prevent serious harm
D. The patient is a public figure
Answer: C. Disclosure is required by law or needed to prevent serious harm
Explanation: Confidentiality may be breached only when legally mandated or when necessary to prevent serious risk to the patient or others.

49. Organ donation ethics

A competent patient states that they wish to donate organs after death. Respecting this decision primarily upholds:
A. Autonomy
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Paternalism
Answer: A. Autonomy
Explanation: Autonomy is the right of a competent person to make informed decisions about their own body and treatment.

50. Organophosphate “aging”

In organophosphate poisoning, “aging” refers to:
A. Spontaneous recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity
B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase bond
C. Increased acetylcholine synthesis
D. Delayed gastrointestinal absorption of poison
Answer: B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase bond
Explanation: After aging, the enzyme-organophosphate complex cannot be reactivated by pralidoxime.

Okay, I did this 50 questions. So, you are saying, you predicted 200 questions and these are just 50 of them, and 150 are left. Right.

Reading File
Not exactly.
The 50 questions were a standalone predicted mini mock, not the first 50 questions of an already-created 200-question paper. I had mentioned a 200-question full mock as a possible next deliverable, but I have not yet generated its remaining 150 questions.
So:
  • You have completed a 50-question high-yield predicted mock.
  • If you want a full 200-question NEET PG 2026 predicted mock, I can build 150 new questions to complete it.
  • Those 150 would be fresh questions, with answers and crisp explanations immediately below each question, in the same format.

Generate the remaining 150 questions in the same format But consider recent trends,clinical based,imaging based etc coz that’s what they ask And predict the 150 not random ones

A 150-question expansion is best created in three prediction-focused batches, not as one long unstructured dump, so each block can target the newer clinical and image-driven pattern rather than padding with random recall.
  1. Questions 51-100: Major clinical subjects
    Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynecology, Pediatrics, emergency algorithms, ECG/radiology/pathology interpretation.
  2. Questions 101-150: Preclinical and paraclinical integration
    Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, PSM, image and lab-based vignettes.
  3. Questions 151-200: Remaining subjects and recent-trend integration
    Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Dermatology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Anaesthesia, plus INI-CET-style linked clinical stems.
The first 50 covered many core classics. The remaining set will deliberately emphasize next-best-step decisions, investigations, imaging signs, ECGs, pathology slides, drug adverse effects, public-health updates, and mixed-subject clinical vignettes. It will still be a prediction-oriented mock, not a claim that these exact questions will appear.
Asking for Preferences

Which 50-question predicted batch should I generate first, with answer and crisp explanation directly below every question?

This is a large, multi-part request. A reliable predicted NEET PG 2026 paper should be built from:
  1. NEET PG trend analysis: subject-wise weightage and recurring concepts across the last 5 years
  2. Recent INI-CET analysis: high-concept and integrated clinical-question trends
  3. Recent FMGE analysis: core factual repeats and commonly tested basics
  4. 2026 prediction blueprint: expected subject distribution, high-yield themes, and question styles
  5. Full mock paper: 200 single-best-answer MCQs with answers and concise explanations
  6. Revision add-on: a list of predicted repeat topics and “must-do” areas
In broad terms, the 2026 paper is likely to continue moving toward clinical integration, image-based questions, applied pharmacology, radiology/pathology correlation, emergency algorithms, national programmes, and newer guideline-oriented concepts. INI-CET trends can help identify the more conceptual end of the spectrum, while FMGE reinforces foundational topics that NEET PG can test in a more clinical format.
Which deliverable should I prepare first?
  • Complete 200-question mock
  • Trend analysis + predicted blueprint
  • Predicted topics subject-wise
  • 50-question high-yield mini mock## Predicted NEET PG 2026 Mini Mock 50 single-best-answer questions
    Attempt first, then check the crisp explanations below.

Questions

1. A patient with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction develops hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lung fields. The most likely associated finding is:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Right ventricular infarction
C. Papillary muscle rupture
D. Ventricular septal rupture
2. A 24-year-old woman has palpitations, tremor, weight loss, and a diffusely enlarged thyroid. TSH is suppressed and free T4 is elevated. Which antibody is most specific for Graves disease?
A. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody
C. TSH receptor antibody
D. Anti-microsomal antibody
3. The earliest ECG change in hyperkalemia is:
A. Broad QRS complex
B. Tall tented T waves
C. Sine-wave pattern
D. Prolonged PR interval
4. A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L. The immediate next step is:
A. Start IV insulin infusion
B. Give IV sodium bicarbonate
C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
D. Start dextrose infusion
5. A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops renal-vein thrombosis. The urinary loss most directly responsible for hypercoagulability is:
A. Albumin
B. Antithrombin III
C. Immunoglobulin A
D. Transferrin
6. The most common cause of death in the first 24 hours following acute pancreatitis is:
A. Sepsis
B. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Pancreatic pseudocyst
7. A young adult with fever, altered sensorium, focal seizures, and temporal-lobe involvement on MRI most likely has encephalitis due to:
A. Japanese encephalitis virus
B. Herpes simplex virus-1
C. Rabies virus
D. Cytomegalovirus
8. A patient develops ptosis, diplopia, and pupillary dilatation. The lesion is most likely compressing which cranial nerve?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Trochlear nerve
D. Abducens nerve
9. A patient has hemoptysis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and linear IgG deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The diagnosis is:
A. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
B. Goodpasture syndrome
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Polyarteritis nodosa
10. A patient on antitubercular therapy develops impaired color vision and central scotoma. The responsible drug is:
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampicin
C. Ethambutol
D. Pyrazinamide
11. Which antitubercular drug is most associated with peripheral neuropathy that is prevented by pyridoxine?
A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Ethambutol
D. Streptomycin
12. A patient receiving heparin develops thrombocytopenia with new thrombosis. The best immediate management is:
A. Continue heparin and observe
B. Stop heparin and start warfarin immediately
C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
D. Give platelet transfusion alone
13. The antidote for paracetamol poisoning is:
A. Naloxone
B. N-acetylcysteine
C. Atropine
D. Pralidoxime
14. A farmer presents with salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, miosis, and bronchorrhea after pesticide exposure. The first drug to administer is:
A. Atropine
B. Pralidoxime only
C. Diazepam
D. Naloxone
15. Vancomycin rapidly infused intravenously can cause:
A. Gray baby syndrome
B. Red man syndrome
C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
D. Serotonin syndrome
16. The most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide is:
A. Thalassemia
B. Sideroblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Anemia of chronic disease
17. A peripheral smear shows schistocytes. This is most characteristic of:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
18. Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristically positive for:
A. CD3 and CD20
B. CD15 and CD30
C. CD5 and CD23
D. CD10 and BCL2
19. The most common type of renal cell carcinoma is:
A. Papillary RCC
B. Chromophobe RCC
C. Clear-cell RCC
D. Collecting-duct carcinoma
20. A young woman has a breast lump that is firm, mobile, painless, and well circumscribed. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
C. Phyllodes tumor
D. Fat necrosis
21. The most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage is:
A. Retained placenta
B. Uterine atony
C. Genital tract trauma
D. Coagulation disorder
22. The first-line drug for prevention and treatment of eclamptic seizures is:
A. Diazepam
B. Phenytoin
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Phenobarbitone
23. In a woman with placenta previa, digital vaginal examination is:
A. Mandatory before ultrasound
B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
C. Required to assess cervical dilatation
D. Safe after 28 weeks
24. The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is:
A. Isthmus of fallopian tube
B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
25. A postpartum woman has fever, lower abdominal pain, foul-smelling lochia, and uterine tenderness. The diagnosis is:
A. Postpartum endometritis
B. Mastitis
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Deep vein thrombosis
26. A child with barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness most likely has:
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Foreign-body aspiration
D. Bronchiolitis
27. A child with severe dehydration due to acute diarrhea is lethargic, has sunken eyes, and skin pinch returns very slowly. Initial management is:
A. ORS 75 mL/kg over 4 hours
B. IV fluid resuscitation as per severe-dehydration protocol
C. Zinc alone
D. Antibiotics in all cases
28. The most common congenital heart disease overall is:
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Patent ductus arteriosus
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
29. A child has cyanosis that improves on squatting. The diagnosis is:
A. Transposition of great arteries
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
30. The most common organism causing neonatal sepsis in India is commonly tested as:
A. Group B Streptococcus
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
31. A patient with acute appendicitis has pain initially around the umbilicus that later localizes to the right iliac fossa. This migration occurs because:
A. Visceral pain becomes somatic after parietal peritoneal irritation
B. The appendix moves from umbilicus to right iliac fossa
C. Obturator nerve is irritated initially
D. The cecum shifts position
32. The most common cause of small-bowel obstruction in a patient with previous abdominal surgery is:
A. Volvulus
B. Adhesions
C. Intussusception
D. Colorectal carcinoma
33. Courvoisier sign is classically associated with:
A. Gallstone obstruction of common bile duct
B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
C. Acute cholecystitis
D. Hepatitis A
34. The preferred initial imaging modality in suspected acute appendicitis in a child is:
A. Plain X-ray abdomen
B. Ultrasound abdomen
C. Barium enema
D. PET-CT
35. A trauma patient has hypotension, absent breath sounds on one side, and tracheal deviation to the opposite side. Immediate management is:
A. Chest X-ray before treatment
B. Needle decompression
C. CT chest
D. Bronchoscopy
36. The nerve most commonly injured during thyroidectomy is:
A. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
C. Facial nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
37. Erb palsy results from injury to:
A. C5-C6 roots
B. C8-T1 roots
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
38. A fracture of the surgical neck of humerus may injure the:
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
39. The artery most commonly involved in extradural hematoma is:
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Lenticulostriate artery
40. A lesion in the dominant inferior frontal gyrus causes:
A. Wernicke aphasia
B. Broca aphasia
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Global aphasia
41. The causative organism of gas gangrene is:
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridioides difficile
D. Staphylococcus aureus
42. The characteristic finding in cholera stool is:
A. Numerous RBCs and pus cells
B. Rice-water stool with darting motility of Vibrio
C. Trophozoites with ingested RBCs
D. Sulfur granules
43. Negri bodies are seen in:
A. Rabies
B. Measles
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
44. Which vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Tetanus toxoid
B. Inactivated influenza vaccine
C. Hepatitis B vaccine
D. MMR vaccine
45. The secondary attack rate is best defined as the:
A. Total cases in a population during a year
B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
C. Number of deaths due to disease divided by population
D. Proportion of people with a disease at a point in time
46. Sensitivity of a screening test is its ability to correctly identify:
A. Persons without disease
B. Persons with disease
C. True negatives only
D. False positives only
47. The most appropriate measure of central tendency for highly skewed data is:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode only
D. Standard deviation
48. A doctor should disclose confidential patient information without consent when:
A. A friend requests it
B. A journalist requests it
C. Required by law or there is serious risk to others
D. The patient is famous
49. A patient expresses a wish to donate organs after death. The ethical principle most directly respected is:
A. Autonomy
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Paternalism
50. In organophosphate poisoning, “aging” of acetylcholinesterase refers to:
A. Recovery of enzyme activity with time
B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-enzyme bond
C. Increased production of acetylcholine
D. Delayed absorption of poison from gut

Answers With Crisp Explanations

QAnswerCrisp explanation
1BInferior-wall MI with hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lungs suggests right-ventricular infarction.
2CTSH-receptor antibodies directly stimulate the receptor and are specific for Graves disease.
3BHyperkalemia first produces tall, narrow, tented T waves.
4CIf K+ is <3.3 mEq/L, replace potassium before insulin, as insulin further lowers serum K+.
5BLoss of antithrombin III in urine causes the hypercoagulable state of nephrotic syndrome.
6CEarly death in acute pancreatitis is usually from hypovolemia/shock due to third-space fluid loss.
7BHSV-1 encephalitis classically affects temporal lobes and causes seizures with altered behavior/sensorium.
8BA dilated pupil with ptosis and diplopia suggests compressive oculomotor nerve palsy.
9BPulmonary hemorrhage + RPGN + linear GBM IgG deposits = anti-GBM disease/Goodpasture syndrome.
10CEthambutol causes optic neuritis, red-green color defect, and central scotoma.
11BIsoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, prevented with pyridoxine.
12CIn HIT, stop all heparin and anticoagulate with a non-heparin drug such as argatroban.
13BN-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione and limits toxic NAPQI injury.
14AAtropine reverses life-threatening muscarinic manifestations, especially bronchorrhea and bradycardia.
15BRapid vancomycin infusion can cause histamine-mediated red man syndrome.
16CIron deficiency anemia is the commonest microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide.
17CSchistocytes are fragmented RBCs seen in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia such as DIC/TTP/HUS.
18BClassical Hodgkin lymphoma Reed-Sternberg cells are CD15+ and CD30+.
19CClear-cell RCC is the most common histologic subtype.
20AA mobile, painless, well-circumscribed breast mass in a young woman is typically a fibroadenoma.
21BThe commonest cause of primary PPH is uterine atony. Think “Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin.”
22CMagnesium sulfate is first line for eclampsia seizure control and prevention of recurrence.
23BDo not perform digital vaginal examination in suspected placenta previa until placental location is established.
24BThe ampulla is the commonest location for ectopic implantation.
25AFever, uterine tenderness, foul lochia after delivery indicate postpartum endometritis.
26BBarking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor indicate croup due to subglottic edema.
27BSevere dehydration requires prompt IV rehydration, followed by reassessment and oral replacement when possible.
28AVentricular septal defect is the most common congenital heart disease overall.
29BSquatting increases systemic vascular resistance and reduces right-to-left shunting in tetralogy of Fallot.
30BIn Indian exam settings, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a frequent key answer for neonatal sepsis.
31AEarly visceral pain is periumbilical; later parietal peritoneal irritation causes localized right-iliac-fossa pain.
32BPostoperative adhesions are the commonest cause of small-bowel obstruction.
33BA palpable, nontender gallbladder with jaundice suggests malignant obstruction, classically pancreatic-head carcinoma.
34BUltrasound is preferred initially in children because it avoids radiation.
35BThis is tension pneumothorax. Treat immediately with needle decompression, without waiting for imaging.
36BInjury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes hoarseness and vocal-cord paralysis.
37AErb palsy is an upper trunk injury involving C5-C6 roots, causing “waiter’s tip” posture.
38BThe axillary nerve winds around the surgical neck of the humerus.
39BExtradural hematoma most often follows rupture of the middle meningeal artery.
40BDominant inferior frontal gyrus is Broca area. Its lesion causes nonfluent Broca aphasia.
41BClostridium perfringens is the usual cause of gas gangrene/myonecrosis.
42BCholera produces rice-water stools; Vibrio cholerae shows darting motility on dark-field microscopy.
43ANegri bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons in rabies.
44DMMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated in pregnancy.
45BSecondary attack rate measures disease among susceptible contacts exposed to a primary case.
46BSensitivity is the ability to correctly identify people who truly have disease.
47BMedian is least affected by extreme values and is best for skewed distributions.
48CConfidentiality can be breached when legally required or to prevent serious harm to others.
49AHonoring a competent patient’s organ-donation preference respects autonomy.
50BAging makes organophosphate-AChE binding increasingly irreversible, reducing pralidoxime benefit.

High-yield focus from this mock

Prioritize emergency algorithms, toxicology antidotes, obstetric emergencies, basic imaging choices, neuro-localization, microbiology image/fact questions, biostatistics, and ethics. These are particularly suitable for clinically framed NEET PG-style questions.Understood. I’ll place the answer and a crisp explanation immediately below each question, rather than providing a separate answer key at the end.
Format:
1. Question
A. Option
B. Option
C. Option
D. Option
Answer: B
Explanation: One-line reason why B is correct, with a quick differentiator if useful.# Predicted NEET PG 2026: 50-Question High-Yield Mini Mock

1. Acute MI with hypotension

A patient with acute inferior-wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction develops hypotension, raised JVP, and clear lung fields. The most likely associated diagnosis is:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Right ventricular infarction
C. Papillary-muscle rupture
D. Ventricular septal rupture
Answer: B. Right ventricular infarction
Explanation: Hypotension + raised JVP + clear lungs is the classic triad of right-ventricular infarction. These patients are preload dependent.

2. Graves disease antibody

A woman has weight loss, tremor, diffuse goiter, suppressed TSH, and elevated free T4. Which antibody is most specific for Graves disease?
A. Anti-thyroglobulin antibody
B. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody
C. TSH-receptor antibody
D. Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Answer: C. TSH-receptor antibody
Explanation: Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins bind and activate the TSH receptor, producing Graves hyperthyroidism.

3. Hyperkalemia ECG

The earliest ECG change in hyperkalemia is:
A. Broad QRS complex
B. Tall tented T waves
C. Sine-wave pattern
D. Complete heart block
Answer: B. Tall tented T waves
Explanation: Peaked T waves occur early. Progressive hyperkalemia causes PR prolongation, QRS widening, and eventually a sine-wave pattern.

4. DKA and low potassium

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. The next best step is:
A. Start intravenous insulin immediately
B. Give sodium bicarbonate
C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
D. Start dextrose infusion immediately
Answer: C. Begin potassium replacement before insulin
Explanation: If K+ is below 3.3 mEq/L, insulin must be withheld temporarily because it can precipitate dangerous hypokalemia.

5. Nephrotic syndrome thrombosis

A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops renal-vein thrombosis. Urinary loss of which factor contributes most directly to hypercoagulability?
A. Albumin
B. Antithrombin III
C. Ceruloplasmin
D. Transferrin
Answer: B. Antithrombin III
Explanation: Loss of antithrombin III, along with increased hepatic production of clotting factors, predisposes to thrombosis.

6. Acute pancreatitis

The commonest cause of acute pancreatitis in adults is:
A. Alcohol use
B. Gallstones
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Scorpion sting
Answer: B. Gallstones
Explanation: Gallstones are the leading cause overall. Alcohol is another major cause, especially in recurrent pancreatitis.

7. Temporal-lobe encephalitis

A young adult has fever, altered sensorium, focal seizures, and temporal-lobe abnormalities on MRI. The most likely causative organism is:
A. Japanese encephalitis virus
B. Herpes simplex virus-1
C. Rabies virus
D. Cytomegalovirus
Answer: B. Herpes simplex virus-1
Explanation: HSV-1 encephalitis classically involves the temporal lobes and often presents with seizures and behavioral change.

8. Dilated pupil with ptosis

A patient has ptosis, diplopia, and a dilated nonreactive pupil. Which cranial nerve is affected?
A. Optic nerve
B. Oculomotor nerve
C. Trochlear nerve
D. Abducens nerve
Answer: B. Oculomotor nerve
Explanation: A compressive third-nerve palsy causes ptosis, “down-and-out” eye, and pupillary dilatation.

9. Pulmonary-renal syndrome

A patient has hemoptysis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and linear IgG deposition along the glomerular basement membrane. The diagnosis is:
A. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
B. Goodpasture syndrome
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Polyarteritis nodosa
Answer: B. Goodpasture syndrome
Explanation: Anti-GBM antibodies produce pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with linear IgG deposits.

10. ATT-associated optic neuritis

A patient on antitubercular treatment develops central scotoma and impaired red-green color vision. The responsible drug is:
A. Isoniazid
B. Rifampicin
C. Ethambutol
D. Pyrazinamide
Answer: C. Ethambutol
Explanation: Ethambutol causes retrobulbar optic neuritis, typically with red-green color blindness and central scotoma.

11. Isoniazid adverse effect

Which antitubercular drug commonly causes peripheral neuropathy that can be prevented by pyridoxine?
A. Rifampicin
B. Isoniazid
C. Ethambutol
D. Streptomycin
Answer: B. Isoniazid
Explanation: Isoniazid depletes pyridoxine, causing peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B6 prophylaxis is especially important in high-risk patients.

12. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

A patient receiving heparin develops thrombocytopenia and new thrombosis. The best immediate step is:
A. Continue heparin and monitor platelet count
B. Stop heparin and begin warfarin immediately
C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
D. Give platelet transfusion only
Answer: C. Stop heparin and use a non-heparin anticoagulant
Explanation: In HIT, stop all heparin and use an alternative anticoagulant such as argatroban. Warfarin should not be started alone in the acute phase.

13. Paracetamol poisoning

The antidote for significant paracetamol overdose is:
A. Naloxone
B. N-acetylcysteine
C. Atropine
D. Pralidoxime
Answer: B. N-acetylcysteine
Explanation: N-acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione and detoxifies the toxic metabolite NAPQI.

14. Organophosphate poisoning

A farmer has salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, miosis, bradycardia, and bronchorrhea after pesticide exposure. The first drug for life-threatening muscarinic manifestations is:
A. Atropine
B. Pralidoxime only
C. Naloxone
D. Flumazenil
Answer: A. Atropine
Explanation: Atropine reverses muscarinic toxicity, particularly bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and bradycardia. Pralidoxime is added early when indicated.

15. Vancomycin reaction

Rapid intravenous infusion of vancomycin can cause:
A. Gray baby syndrome
B. Red man syndrome
C. Serotonin syndrome
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Answer: B. Red man syndrome
Explanation: Rapid infusion causes histamine release, resulting in flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. Slow the infusion rate.

16. Microcytic anemia

The commonest cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia worldwide is:
A. Thalassemia
B. Sideroblastic anemia
C. Iron deficiency anemia
D. Anemia of chronic disease
Answer: C. Iron deficiency anemia
Explanation: Iron deficiency is the most common cause of microcytic anemia. Low ferritin is a useful diagnostic marker.

17. Schistocytes

Schistocytes on peripheral smear are characteristic of:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Megaloblastic anemia
C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
D. Hereditary spherocytosis
Answer: C. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Explanation: RBC fragmentation occurs in TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP syndrome, and mechanical-valve hemolysis.

18. Hodgkin lymphoma marker

Classical Reed-Sternberg cells are typically positive for:
A. CD3 and CD20
B. CD15 and CD30
C. CD5 and CD23
D. CD10 and BCL2
Answer: B. CD15 and CD30
Explanation: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is characteristically CD15+ and CD30+.

19. Renal cell carcinoma

The commonest histological type of renal cell carcinoma is:
A. Papillary renal cell carcinoma
B. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
C. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
D. Collecting-duct carcinoma
Answer: C. Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma
Explanation: Clear-cell RCC is the most common subtype and is associated with VHL gene abnormalities.

20. Breast lump in young woman

A 22-year-old woman has a painless, firm, mobile, well-circumscribed breast lump. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Invasive ductal carcinoma
C. Phyllodes tumor
D. Fat necrosis
Answer: A. Fibroadenoma
Explanation: Fibroadenoma is the commonest benign breast tumor in young women and is typically mobile and well defined.

21. Primary postpartum hemorrhage

The most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage is:
A. Retained placental tissue
B. Uterine atony
C. Genital tract trauma
D. Coagulation disorder
Answer: B. Uterine atony
Explanation: Uterine atony is the leading cause of PPH. Recall the four Ts: Tone, Trauma, Tissue, Thrombin.

22. Eclampsia management

The first-line drug for prevention and treatment of seizures in eclampsia is:
A. Diazepam
B. Phenytoin
C. Magnesium sulfate
D. Phenobarbitone
Answer: C. Magnesium sulfate
Explanation: Magnesium sulfate is preferred for seizure control and prevention of recurrent convulsions in eclampsia.

23. Placenta previa

In suspected placenta previa, digital vaginal examination is:
A. Mandatory before ultrasound
B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
C. Necessary to assess cervical dilatation
D. Safe after 28 weeks
Answer: B. Contraindicated until placental location is known
Explanation: Digital examination can provoke severe hemorrhage in placenta previa. Ultrasound should establish placental location first.

24. Ectopic pregnancy

The commonest site of ectopic pregnancy is:
A. Isthmus of fallopian tube
B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
C. Ovary
D. Cervix
Answer: B. Ampulla of fallopian tube
Explanation: The ampullary region is the most frequent site of ectopic implantation.

25. Postpartum fever

A postpartum woman has fever, uterine tenderness, lower abdominal pain, and foul-smelling lochia. The diagnosis is:
A. Postpartum endometritis
B. Mastitis
C. Deep-vein thrombosis
D. Acute pyelonephritis
Answer: A. Postpartum endometritis
Explanation: Fever with foul lochia and uterine tenderness is typical of postpartum endometritis, especially after cesarean delivery.

26. Croup

A child presents with barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and hoarseness. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Foreign-body aspiration
Answer: B. Croup
Explanation: Croup is viral laryngotracheobronchitis causing subglottic edema, barking cough, and inspiratory stridor.

27. Severe dehydration in child

A child with acute diarrhea is lethargic, has sunken eyes, and has a skin pinch that returns very slowly. The initial management is:
A. Oral rehydration solution alone
B. Intravenous fluid resuscitation according to severe-dehydration protocol
C. Zinc only
D. Routine antibiotic therapy
Answer: B. Intravenous fluid resuscitation according to severe-dehydration protocol
Explanation: These are WHO signs of severe dehydration. Immediate IV rehydration is required, followed by reassessment.

28. Commonest congenital heart disease

The most common congenital heart disease overall is:
A. Ventricular septal defect
B. Atrial septal defect
C. Patent ductus arteriosus
D. Tetralogy of Fallot
Answer: A. Ventricular septal defect
Explanation: VSD is the most common congenital cardiac defect overall.

29. Cyanosis relieved by squatting

A child has cyanotic spells that improve on squatting. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Transposition of great arteries
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Tricuspid atresia
D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Answer: B. Tetralogy of Fallot
Explanation: Squatting raises systemic vascular resistance, decreasing right-to-left shunting in TOF.

30. Neonatal sepsis

A commonly tested important cause of neonatal sepsis in Indian hospital settings is:
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
D. Haemophilus influenzae type b
Answer: A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Explanation: Klebsiella is a major cause of hospital-acquired neonatal sepsis in India. Local microbiological patterns may vary.

31. Migratory pain in appendicitis

Pain in acute appendicitis begins near the umbilicus and later localizes to the right iliac fossa because:
A. Visceral pain becomes localized after parietal peritoneal irritation
B. The appendix migrates toward the right iliac fossa
C. The cecum moves downward during inflammation
D. The obturator nerve is irritated first
Answer: A. Visceral pain becomes localized after parietal peritoneal irritation
Explanation: Initial visceral afferent pain is referred to T10, around the umbilicus. Parietal peritoneal involvement causes localized somatic pain.

32. Small-bowel obstruction

The most common cause of small-bowel obstruction in a patient with prior abdominal surgery is:
A. Volvulus
B. Adhesions
C. Intussusception
D. Colorectal carcinoma
Answer: B. Adhesions
Explanation: Postoperative adhesions are the leading cause of small-bowel obstruction in adults.

33. Courvoisier sign

A palpable, nontender gallbladder in a jaundiced patient most strongly suggests:
A. Gallstone obstruction of common bile duct
B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
C. Acute cholecystitis
D. Acute viral hepatitis
Answer: B. Carcinoma of head of pancreas
Explanation: Courvoisier sign suggests malignant distal biliary obstruction, classically carcinoma of the pancreatic head.

34. Appendicitis imaging in child

The preferred initial imaging study in a child with suspected acute appendicitis is:
A. Plain X-ray abdomen
B. Ultrasound abdomen
C. Barium enema
D. PET-CT
Answer: B. Ultrasound abdomen
Explanation: Ultrasound is preferred first because it avoids ionizing radiation. CT is used if ultrasound is inconclusive and suspicion remains high.

35. Tension pneumothorax

A trauma patient has hypotension, unilateral absent breath sounds, and tracheal deviation to the opposite side. The immediate management is:
A. Chest X-ray before intervention
B. Needle decompression
C. CT chest
D. Bronchoscopy
Answer: B. Needle decompression
Explanation: This is tension pneumothorax. It is a clinical diagnosis and requires immediate decompression, followed by tube thoracostomy.

36. Thyroidectomy nerve injury

The nerve most commonly injured during thyroidectomy is:
A. Hypoglossal nerve
B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
C. Facial nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
Answer: B. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Explanation: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury causes hoarseness due to vocal-cord paralysis.

37. Erb palsy

Erb palsy results from injury to:
A. C5-C6 roots
B. C8-T1 roots
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Answer: A. C5-C6 roots
Explanation: Upper trunk injury causes the “waiter's tip” deformity: adducted, internally rotated arm with extended elbow.

38. Surgical neck of humerus

A fracture of the surgical neck of humerus most commonly injures the:
A. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Ulnar nerve
Answer: B. Axillary nerve
Explanation: The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass around the surgical neck.

39. Extradural hematoma

The artery most commonly involved in extradural hematoma is:
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle meningeal artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Lenticulostriate artery
Answer: B. Middle meningeal artery
Explanation: Temporal bone fracture can tear the middle meningeal artery, producing a biconvex lens-shaped hematoma.

40. Broca area

A lesion of the dominant inferior frontal gyrus causes:
A. Wernicke aphasia
B. Broca aphasia
C. Conduction aphasia
D. Global aphasia
Answer: B. Broca aphasia
Explanation: Broca aphasia causes nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved comprehension.

41. Gas gangrene

The usual organism causing gas gangrene is:
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium perfringens
C. Clostridioides difficile
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: B. Clostridium perfringens
Explanation: C. perfringens causes clostridial myonecrosis through toxins, particularly alpha toxin.

42. Cholera

A characteristic laboratory finding in cholera is:
A. Numerous RBCs and pus cells in stool
B. Darting motility of Vibrio cholerae
C. Trophozoites containing ingested RBCs
D. Sulfur granules in pus
Answer: B. Darting motility of Vibrio cholerae
Explanation: V. cholerae demonstrates rapid darting motility. Clinically, it causes profuse rice-water diarrhea.

43. Negri bodies

Negri bodies are characteristic of:
A. Rabies
B. Measles
C. Poliomyelitis
D. Herpes simplex encephalitis
Answer: A. Rabies
Explanation: Negri bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions found in neurons, classically hippocampal pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells.

44. Vaccine in pregnancy

Which vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy?
A. Tetanus toxoid
B. Inactivated influenza vaccine
C. Hepatitis B vaccine
D. MMR vaccine
Answer: D. MMR vaccine
Explanation: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy.

45. Secondary attack rate

Secondary attack rate is best defined as:
A. Total number of new cases in a year
B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
C. Proportion of people with disease at a point in time
D. Number of deaths divided by total population
Answer: B. Proportion of susceptible contacts who develop disease after exposure to a primary case
Explanation: It measures disease spread among close susceptible contacts of primary cases.

46. Sensitivity

Sensitivity of a screening test is its ability to correctly identify:
A. People without disease
B. People who have disease
C. False-positive results
D. True-negative results
Answer: B. People who have disease
Explanation: Sensitivity = true positives divided by all persons who truly have the disease.

47. Skewed data

The most appropriate measure of central tendency for highly skewed data is:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Standard deviation
D. Variance
Answer: B. Median
Explanation: The median is less affected by extreme values and is preferred for skewed distributions.

48. Medical confidentiality

A doctor may disclose confidential patient information without consent when:
A. A friend of the patient asks
B. A journalist asks
C. Disclosure is required by law or needed to prevent serious harm
D. The patient is a public figure
Answer: C. Disclosure is required by law or needed to prevent serious harm
Explanation: Confidentiality may be breached only when legally mandated or when necessary to prevent serious risk to the patient or others.

49. Organ donation ethics

A competent patient states that they wish to donate organs after death. Respecting this decision primarily upholds:
A. Autonomy
B. Non-maleficence
C. Justice
D. Paternalism
Answer: A. Autonomy
Explanation: Autonomy is the right of a competent person to make informed decisions about their own body and treatment.

50. Organophosphate “aging”

In organophosphate poisoning, “aging” refers to:
A. Spontaneous recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity
B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase bond
C. Increased acetylcholine synthesis
D. Delayed gastrointestinal absorption of poison
Answer: B. Irreversible strengthening of the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase bond
Explanation: After aging, the enzyme-organophosphate complex cannot be reactivated by pralidoxime.Not exactly.
The 50 questions were a standalone predicted mini mock, not the first 50 questions of an already-created 200-question paper. I had mentioned a 200-question full mock as a possible next deliverable, but I have not yet generated its remaining 150 questions.
So:
  • You have completed a 50-question high-yield predicted mock.
  • If you want a full 200-question NEET PG 2026 predicted mock, I can build 150 new questions to complete it.
  • Those 150 would be fresh questions, with answers and crisp explanations immediately below each question, in the same format.A 150-question expansion is best created in three prediction-focused batches, not as one long unstructured dump, so each block can target the newer clinical and image-driven pattern rather than padding with random recall.
  1. Questions 51-100: Major clinical subjects
    Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynecology, Pediatrics, emergency algorithms, ECG/radiology/pathology interpretation.
  2. Questions 101-150: Preclinical and paraclinical integration
    Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, PSM, image and lab-based vignettes.
  3. Questions 151-200: Remaining subjects and recent-trend integration
    Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Dermatology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Anaesthesia, plus INI-CET-style linked clinical stems.
The first 50 covered many core classics. The remaining set will deliberately emphasize next-best-step decisions, investigations, imaging signs, ECGs, pathology slides, drug adverse effects, public-health updates, and mixed-subject clinical vignettes. It will still be a prediction-oriented mock, not a claim that these exact questions will appear.
Reading File
I will build the remaining 150 as three focused 50-question blocks, all in the same immediate-answer format:
  1. Q51-100: Clinical core
    Medicine, Surgery, OBGYN, Pediatrics, emergencies, ECG, X-ray/CT, pathology image-style descriptions.
  2. Q101-150: Integrated basics
    Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology, PSM, Forensic Medicine, lab interpretation, drug charts, histology-style questions.
  3. Q151-200: Short subjects and INI-CET-style integration
    Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Dermatology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Anaesthesia.
I will keep them prediction-oriented, not random recall: clinical stems, next-best-step decisions, image-description questions, ECG/radiology signs, recent guideline-style concepts, and high-frequency integrated themes.
Reply “51-100” to start with the first clinical 50.

Generate questions 51–100 with clinical vignettes

Reading File
Searching the Web

India clinical guidelines 2024 2025 emergency medicine obstetrics pediatric tuberculosis hypertension diabetes official

Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Searching PubMed

sepsis management

Searching PubMed

postpartum hemorrhage management

Predicted NEET PG 2026 Mock: Questions 51-100

Clinical-vignette and image-description focus.
These are prediction-oriented practice questions based on recurring high-yield clinical decision-making, imaging, ECG, emergency, and integrated concepts. They are not recalled questions or a guarantee of the exact examination content.

51. Acute ischemic stroke: next step

A 64-year-old man develops sudden right-sided weakness and aphasia 90 minutes ago. Non-contrast CT brain shows no hemorrhage. Blood glucose is normal, BP is 170/100 mmHg, and he has no contraindication to thrombolysis. What is the best next step?
A. Aspirin immediately
B. IV thrombolysis with alteplase or tenecteplase, as per protocol
C. Heparin infusion
D. Decompressive craniectomy
Answer: B. IV thrombolysis with alteplase or tenecteplase, as per protocol
Explanation: This is acute ischemic stroke within the reperfusion window, with CT excluding hemorrhage. Eligible patients should receive IV thrombolysis promptly. Aspirin is used when thrombolysis is not given or after the appropriate post-thrombolysis interval.

52. Large-vessel occlusion stroke

A 68-year-old woman presents 3 hours after onset of left hemiplegia and gaze deviation. CT angiography demonstrates right middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion. She is eligible for IV thrombolysis. The best management is:
A. Aspirin alone
B. IV thrombolysis only
C. Mechanical thrombectomy, with IV thrombolysis if eligible without delaying thrombectomy
D. Decompressive hemicraniectomy immediately
Answer: C. Mechanical thrombectomy, with IV thrombolysis if eligible without delaying thrombectomy
Explanation: Proven anterior-circulation large-vessel occlusion requires urgent endovascular thrombectomy in the appropriate time window. IV thrombolysis should not delay transfer for thrombectomy.

53. Intracerebral hemorrhage on CT

A hypertensive 62-year-old man develops sudden headache, vomiting, and left-sided weakness. Non-contrast CT brain shows a hyperdense bleed in the right putamen. Which vessel is most likely involved?
A. Middle meningeal artery
B. Lenticulostriate branches of middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. Anterior communicating artery
Answer: B. Lenticulostriate branches of middle cerebral artery
Explanation: Chronic hypertension commonly causes Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms in lenticulostriate vessels, producing basal-ganglia hemorrhage.

54. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 42-year-old woman presents with a sudden “worst headache of life,” vomiting, neck stiffness, and transient loss of consciousness. CT brain performed 12 hours after symptom onset is normal. What is the next best investigation?
A. MRI brain with contrast
B. Lumbar puncture for xanthochromia
C. EEG
D. Carotid Doppler
Answer: B. Lumbar puncture for xanthochromia
Explanation: If CT is negative but clinical suspicion for subarachnoid hemorrhage remains high, CSF examination for xanthochromia is indicated.

55. Atrial fibrillation ECG

An ECG shows an irregularly irregular rhythm, absent distinct P waves, and variable R-R intervals. A hemodynamically stable patient has a ventricular rate of 150/min. What is the most appropriate initial rate-control drug in the absence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
A. Adenosine
B. Verapamil or a beta-blocker
C. Digoxin as the only immediate option
D. Amiodarone in every patient
Answer: B. Verapamil or a beta-blocker
Explanation: Stable atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response is usually rate-controlled initially with a beta-blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker, if not contraindicated.

56. Broad-complex tachycardia

A patient has palpitations, hypotension, chest discomfort, and an ECG showing regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The immediate management is:
A. IV adenosine
B. Synchronized DC cardioversion
C. Oral beta-blocker
D. Observation only
Answer: B. Synchronized DC cardioversion
Explanation: A tachyarrhythmia with hypotension and ischemic symptoms is unstable. Immediate synchronized cardioversion is indicated.

57. Pericardial tamponade

A patient with metastatic malignancy develops dyspnea, hypotension, elevated JVP, and muffled heart sounds. Echocardiography shows right atrial and right ventricular diastolic collapse. What is the immediate life-saving intervention?
A. IV furosemide
B. Pericardiocentesis
C. Thrombolysis
D. Coronary angiography
Answer: B. Pericardiocentesis
Explanation: The clinical and echocardiographic findings indicate cardiac tamponade. Urgent drainage of pericardial fluid relieves obstructive shock.

58. Aortic dissection

A 58-year-old man with uncontrolled hypertension has abrupt tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Blood pressure differs between arms, and CT angiography confirms acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The definitive treatment is:
A. Medical blood-pressure control alone
B. Urgent surgical repair
C. Anticoagulation
D. Thrombolysis
Answer: B. Urgent surgical repair
Explanation: Stanford type A dissection involves the ascending aorta and requires emergency surgery. Type B dissections are generally initially managed medically unless complicated.

59. Pulmonary embolism

A postoperative patient develops sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia, and hypoxemia. He is hemodynamically stable. CT pulmonary angiography confirms pulmonary embolism. The most appropriate treatment is:
A. Broad-spectrum antibiotics
B. Anticoagulation
C. Immediate thrombolysis in every case
D. Aspirin alone
Answer: B. Anticoagulation
Explanation: Hemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism is treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Thrombolysis is reserved mainly for high-risk PE with shock or persistent hypotension.

60. High-risk pulmonary embolism

A patient with confirmed pulmonary embolism has systolic BP 75 mmHg despite fluids, raised JVP, and severe hypoxemia. There is no contraindication to fibrinolysis. The next best treatment is:
A. Oral anticoagulation only
B. Systemic thrombolysis
C. Aspirin
D. Diuretics
Answer: B. Systemic thrombolysis
Explanation: PE with shock is high-risk or massive PE. Reperfusion therapy, usually systemic thrombolysis when not contraindicated, is indicated.

61. COPD exacerbation with acidosis

A 67-year-old patient with COPD exacerbation remains dyspneic despite bronchodilators and oxygen. ABG shows pH 7.28, PaCO₂ 70 mmHg, and PaO₂ 58 mmHg. He is conscious and cooperative. The next best ventilatory support is:
A. High-flow oxygen at maximum concentration only
B. Noninvasive ventilation
C. Immediate tracheostomy
D. No ventilatory support is needed
Answer: B. Noninvasive ventilation
Explanation: Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis in an alert cooperative COPD patient is a classic indication for noninvasive ventilation.

62. Acute severe asthma

A 24-year-old woman with asthma is unable to complete sentences, has a respiratory rate of 34/min, uses accessory muscles, and has a “silent chest.” What does the silent chest indicate?
A. Mild exacerbation
B. Clinical improvement
C. Severe airflow limitation and impending respiratory failure
D. Anxiety only
Answer: C. Severe airflow limitation and impending respiratory failure
Explanation: Reduced or absent breath sounds in severe asthma can reflect critically low airflow. It is an ominous sign requiring urgent escalation of care.

63. Pleural effusion imaging

A chest radiograph shows blunting of the right costophrenic angle with a homogeneous basal opacity and a concave upper border rising laterally. This appearance most likely represents:
A. Lobar consolidation
B. Pleural effusion
C. Pneumothorax
D. Pulmonary edema
Answer: B. Pleural effusion
Explanation: The meniscus sign, with blunting of the costophrenic angle, is characteristic of pleural effusion.

64. Tension pneumothorax imaging and action

A trauma patient has severe respiratory distress and hypotension. Chest examination reveals absent breath sounds on the left with tracheal deviation to the right. What is the best next step?
A. Obtain chest X-ray first
B. Needle decompression followed by chest tube placement
C. Give IV diuretics
D. Start anticoagulation
Answer: B. Needle decompression followed by chest tube placement
Explanation: Tension pneumothorax is diagnosed clinically. Life-saving decompression must not be delayed for imaging.

65. Community-acquired pneumonia severity

A 70-year-old man presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory rate 34/min, BP 85/55 mmHg, and confusion. The appropriate disposition is:
A. Home treatment with oral antibiotics
B. Observation without antibiotics
C. Urgent hospital admission with assessment for intensive care
D. Antitubercular treatment alone
Answer: C. Urgent hospital admission with assessment for intensive care
Explanation: Confusion, hypotension, and tachypnea indicate severe pneumonia and high mortality risk. This patient needs urgent inpatient management.

66. Tuberculous meningitis CSF

A patient with subacute fever, headache, cranial neuropathy, and neck stiffness has CSF findings of high protein, low glucose, and predominantly lymphocytic cells. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute bacterial meningitis
B. Viral meningitis
C. Tuberculous meningitis
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Answer: C. Tuberculous meningitis
Explanation: Subacute presentation with lymphocytic pleocytosis, raised protein, and low CSF glucose strongly suggests tuberculous meningitis.

67. Meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis

A student is diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis. Which close household contact strategy is most appropriate?
A. No prophylaxis is required
B. Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
C. Start antitubercular therapy in contacts
D. Give oral acyclovir to contacts
Answer: B. Chemoprophylaxis for close contacts
Explanation: Close contacts need prompt chemoprophylaxis, commonly rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone depending on the setting and contraindications.

68. Sepsis bundle concept

A patient with pyelonephritis has fever, altered sensorium, BP 82/50 mmHg, lactate elevation, and oliguria. Which intervention should occur without waiting for culture results?
A. Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics after obtaining cultures, if this does not cause meaningful delay
B. Oral antibiotics after 24 hours
C. Steroids as the only treatment
D. Diuretics to improve urine output
Answer: A. Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics after obtaining cultures, if this does not cause meaningful delay
Explanation: Septic shock requires prompt resuscitation, cultures where feasible, early IV broad-spectrum antimicrobials, source control, and vasopressor support if hypotension persists.

69. Septic shock vasopressor

A patient remains hypotensive after appropriate initial IV fluid resuscitation for septic shock. Which is the preferred first-line vasopressor?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Phenylephrine in all cases
D. Isoproterenol
Answer: B. Norepinephrine
Explanation: Norepinephrine is the usual first-line vasopressor for septic shock to maintain mean arterial pressure.

70. Diabetic foot infection

A man with diabetes has a plantar ulcer, fever, foul discharge, and a probe-to-bone test that is positive. The most likely complication is:
A. Cellulitis only
B. Osteomyelitis
C. Charcot arthropathy only
D. Venous ulceration
Answer: B. Osteomyelitis
Explanation: A positive probe-to-bone test in an infected diabetic foot ulcer raises strong suspicion for underlying osteomyelitis.

71. Diabetic retinopathy

Fundus examination in a patient with diabetes shows neovascularization at the optic disc. This finding defines:
A. Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
B. Moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
C. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
D. Hypertensive retinopathy
Answer: C. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Explanation: Retinal or disc neovascularization is the defining feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and risks vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

72. Thyroid storm

A patient with untreated Graves disease develops fever, agitation, diarrhea, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure following surgery. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Myxedema coma
B. Thyroid storm
C. Pheochromocytoma crisis
D. Serotonin syndrome
Answer: B. Thyroid storm
Explanation: Severe thyrotoxicosis with fever, CNS disturbance, GI symptoms, and cardiovascular decompensation indicates thyroid storm.

73. Myxedema coma

An elderly woman has hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, altered sensorium, hyponatremia, and a history of long-standing untreated hypothyroidism. The diagnosis is:
A. Thyroid storm
B. Myxedema coma
C. Addisonian crisis
D. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Answer: B. Myxedema coma
Explanation: Myxedema coma is severe decompensated hypothyroidism causing hypothermia, bradycardia, altered mentation, and metabolic abnormalities.

74. Adrenal crisis

A patient on long-term prednisolone abruptly stops medication and presents with vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. The immediate management is:
A. IV hydrocortisone and isotonic saline
B. Insulin infusion only
C. Oral levothyroxine
D. Restrict fluids
Answer: A. IV hydrocortisone and isotonic saline
Explanation: This is adrenal crisis. Treat immediately with parenteral glucocorticoid and aggressive IV fluid resuscitation.

75. Hyponatremic seizure

A patient with serum sodium 112 mEq/L develops a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. What is the most appropriate immediate therapy?
A. Rapid infusion of normal saline alone
B. Fluid restriction only
C. Hypertonic 3% saline in carefully controlled boluses
D. Oral salt tablets
Answer: C. Hypertonic 3% saline in carefully controlled boluses
Explanation: Severe symptomatic hyponatremia with seizures requires cautious hypertonic saline to raise sodium promptly but safely.

76. Hypercalcemia ECG

A patient with malignancy has constipation, polyuria, confusion, and serum calcium 15.2 mg/dL. Which ECG change is expected?
A. Prolonged QT interval
B. Shortened QT interval
C. Delta wave
D. Tall peaked T waves
Answer: B. Shortened QT interval
Explanation: Hypercalcemia shortens the QT interval. Hypocalcemia prolongs it.

77. Acute kidney injury after diarrhea

A patient with profuse diarrhea has hypotension, oliguria, elevated urea and creatinine, bland urine sediment, and fractional excretion of sodium below 1%. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
C. Acute interstitial nephritis
D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Answer: B. Prerenal acute kidney injury
Explanation: Volume depletion causes renal hypoperfusion. Low FeNa and bland urine sediment favor prerenal AKI.

78. Acute interstitial nephritis

A patient develops fever, rash, eosinophilia, and acute kidney injury 10 days after beginning an antibiotic. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Acute interstitial nephritis
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Renal artery stenosis
Answer: B. Acute interstitial nephritis
Explanation: Fever, rash, eosinophilia, and AKI after a drug exposure are classic for drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis.

79. Nephritic syndrome

A 10-year-old child develops periorbital edema, cola-colored urine, hypertension, and reduced complement levels two weeks after impetigo. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Minimal-change disease
B. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
C. IgA nephropathy
D. Membranous nephropathy
Answer: B. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Explanation: A latent period after skin or throat infection, low complement, hematuria, edema, and hypertension indicate poststreptococcal GN.

80. Renal colic imaging

A nonpregnant adult presents with sudden severe flank pain radiating to the groin and microscopic hematuria. He is stable and has normal renal function. Which imaging modality is most sensitive for ureteric calculi?
A. Plain X-ray KUB
B. Ultrasound only
C. Noncontrast CT KUB
D. Intravenous urography
Answer: C. Noncontrast CT KUB
Explanation: Noncontrast CT KUB is highly sensitive for urinary stones and defines stone size and location. Ultrasound is preferred initially in pregnancy.

81. Upper GI bleed

A man with cirrhosis presents with hematemesis, hypotension, and known esophageal varices. After airway and hemodynamic stabilization, which drug should be started early?
A. Octreotide or terlipressin
B. Oral proton-pump inhibitor only
C. Loperamide
D. Metoclopramide only
Answer: A. Octreotide or terlipressin
Explanation: Suspected acute variceal bleeding requires vasoactive therapy, antibiotics, resuscitation, and urgent endoscopic control.

82. Acute cholangitis

A patient presents with fever, jaundice, right-upper-quadrant pain, hypotension, and confusion. Ultrasound shows a dilated common bile duct. The best next step after antibiotics and resuscitation is:
A. Elective cholecystectomy after six months
B. Urgent biliary drainage, usually by ERCP
C. Appendicectomy
D. Colonoscopy
Answer: B. Urgent biliary drainage, usually by ERCP
Explanation: Charcot triad plus shock and confusion is Reynolds pentad, indicating severe ascending cholangitis requiring urgent biliary decompression.

83. Acute mesenteric ischemia

An elderly patient with atrial fibrillation develops sudden severe abdominal pain, but abdominal examination is initially relatively benign. Serum lactate is elevated. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Acute mesenteric ischemia
C. Acute cholecystitis
D. Perforated peptic ulcer
Answer: B. Acute mesenteric ischemia
Explanation: “Pain out of proportion to examination” in a patient with atrial fibrillation suggests acute mesenteric ischemia due to embolic arterial occlusion.

84. Perforation peritonitis X-ray

An upright chest radiograph of a patient with acute severe abdominal pain shows free gas under the diaphragm. This indicates:
A. Acute pancreatitis
B. Hollow-viscus perforation
C. Intestinal obstruction without perforation
D. Acute hepatitis
Answer: B. Hollow-viscus perforation
Explanation: Pneumoperitoneum on an erect chest X-ray strongly suggests perforation of a hollow abdominal viscus.

85. Acute limb ischemia

A patient with atrial fibrillation develops sudden pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis of one leg. The immediate treatment is:
A. Elevate the limb and observe
B. IV unfractionated heparin and urgent vascular assessment
C. Compression stockings
D. Oral aspirin only
Answer: B. IV unfractionated heparin and urgent vascular assessment
Explanation: Acute limb ischemia is a vascular emergency. Immediate anticoagulation limits thrombus propagation while urgent revascularization is arranged.

86. Compartment syndrome

Following a tibial fracture, a patient has escalating pain despite analgesia, pain on passive toe extension, and a tense swollen leg. The next best step is:
A. Apply a tighter cast
B. Measure blood pressure only
C. Urgent fasciotomy
D. Ice packs and observation
Answer: C. Urgent fasciotomy
Explanation: Pain out of proportion and pain on passive stretch are early clues to acute compartment syndrome. Do not wait for pulselessness.

87. Open fracture

A patient presents with an open tibial fracture contaminated with soil. Initial management should include:
A. Delayed antibiotics after culture results
B. IV antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis, irrigation, and urgent orthopedic management
C. Immediate definitive internal fixation without debridement
D. Plaster cast alone
Answer: B. IV antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis, irrigation, and urgent orthopedic management
Explanation: Open fractures need immediate infection prevention and surgical assessment. Early antibiotics and debridement are priorities.

88. Cauda equina syndrome

A patient with severe back pain develops bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia, urinary retention, and reduced anal tone. The best next step is:
A. Reassure and prescribe analgesics
B. Urgent MRI lumbosacral spine and surgical referral
C. Lumbar puncture
D. Bed rest for two weeks
Answer: B. Urgent MRI lumbosacral spine and surgical referral
Explanation: This is cauda equina syndrome, commonly due to a large central disc prolapse. Urgent imaging and decompression are needed to prevent permanent deficits.

89. Septic arthritis

A child has fever, inability to bear weight, painful restricted hip movement, elevated CRP, and joint effusion on ultrasound. The best management is:
A. Physiotherapy alone
B. Urgent joint aspiration or drainage plus IV antibiotics
C. Oral analgesics and review after one week
D. Steroid injection into the joint
Answer: B. Urgent joint aspiration or drainage plus IV antibiotics
Explanation: Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency. Prompt drainage and antibiotics prevent cartilage destruction and long-term disability.

90. Shoulder dystocia

During vaginal delivery, the fetal head delivers but retracts against the perineum, described as the “turtle sign.” What is the first maneuver?
A. Fundal pressure
B. McRoberts maneuver with suprapubic pressure
C. Forceful traction on fetal head
D. Internal podalic version
Answer: B. McRoberts maneuver with suprapubic pressure
Explanation: Shoulder dystocia is initially managed with McRoberts positioning and suprapubic pressure. Fundal pressure is contraindicated.

91. Umbilical-cord prolapse

After spontaneous rupture of membranes, a woman in labor has fetal bradycardia. On vaginal examination, the umbilical cord is felt below the presenting part. What is the immediate action?
A. Push the cord back into the uterus
B. Elevate the presenting part manually and arrange emergency delivery
C. Wait for spontaneous vaginal delivery
D. Give oxytocin infusion
Answer: B. Elevate the presenting part manually and arrange emergency delivery
Explanation: Cord prolapse causes acute fetal hypoxia. Relieve cord compression by elevating the presenting part and expedite delivery, usually cesarean section.

92. Placental abruption

A woman at 34 weeks' gestation has painful vaginal bleeding, a tender rigid uterus, and fetal distress. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Placenta previa
B. Placental abruption
C. Vasa previa
D. Cervical polyp
Answer: B. Placental abruption
Explanation: Painful bleeding with uterine tenderness and hypertonicity suggests placental abruption. Placenta previa usually causes painless bleeding.

93. Postpartum hemorrhage: atony pathway

After vaginal delivery, a woman has brisk bleeding. The uterus is boggy on examination and no genital tract laceration is identified. Along with uterine massage and oxytocin, what is an appropriate additional early medication if no contraindication exists?
A. Tranexamic acid
B. Warfarin
C. Terbutaline
D. Magnesium sulfate
Answer: A. Tranexamic acid
Explanation: In postpartum hemorrhage, early tranexamic acid is part of current hemorrhage-management approaches, alongside uterotonics, resuscitation, and identifying the cause.

94. Preeclampsia with severe features

A woman at 33 weeks' gestation has BP 170/115 mmHg, severe headache, visual symptoms, and proteinuria. Which medication is used to prevent eclamptic seizures?
A. Magnesium sulfate
B. Oxytocin
C. Methylergometrine
D. Misoprostol
Answer: A. Magnesium sulfate
Explanation: Magnesium sulfate prevents and treats seizures in eclampsia and severe preeclampsia. Blood pressure must also be urgently controlled.

95. Postpartum DVT

A woman 7 days after cesarean delivery develops unilateral calf swelling, pain, and warmth. The best initial diagnostic test is:
A. D-dimer alone
B. Compression ultrasonography with Doppler
C. MRI brain
D. Echocardiography
Answer: B. Compression ultrasonography with Doppler
Explanation: Compression ultrasound is the usual first-line test for suspected lower-limb DVT in pregnancy or postpartum settings.

96. Neonatal resuscitation

A term neonate is apneic after birth despite drying, warming, positioning, and stimulation. Heart rate is 80/min. What is the next step?
A. Chest compressions immediately
B. Positive-pressure ventilation
C. Endotracheal intubation in every case before ventilation
D. Naloxone routinely
Answer: B. Positive-pressure ventilation
Explanation: In neonatal resuscitation, apnea or heart rate below 100/min after initial steps requires effective positive-pressure ventilation.

97. Neonatal jaundice

A 2-day-old term baby has jaundice extending to the palms and soles. The baby is otherwise active, and total serum bilirubin is substantially elevated for age. The appropriate next step is:
A. Reassure because jaundice is always physiologic
B. Assess bilirubin against an age-specific treatment threshold and initiate phototherapy if indicated
C. Start iron supplementation
D. Stop feeding completely
Answer: B. Assess bilirubin against an age-specific treatment threshold and initiate phototherapy if indicated
Explanation: Jaundice involving palms and soles may be significant. Management depends on age in hours, gestation, bilirubin level, and neurotoxicity risk factors.

98. Pediatric status epilepticus

A 4-year-old child has continuous generalized tonic-clonic convulsions for 8 minutes. ABC stabilization and glucose assessment are underway. The first-line anticonvulsant is:
A. IV or buccal benzodiazepine
B. Oral phenytoin
C. Oral valproate
D. Haloperidol
Answer: A. IV or buccal benzodiazepine
Explanation: Benzodiazepines such as IV lorazepam or diazepam, or buccal/intranasal midazolam when IV access is unavailable, are first-line therapy for an ongoing seizure.

99. Intussusception

A 10-month-old infant has intermittent severe crying episodes, vomiting, and red “currant jelly” stools. Ultrasound shows a target or doughnut sign. The diagnosis is:
A. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B. Intussusception
C. Hirschsprung disease
D. Malrotation with volvulus
Answer: B. Intussusception
Explanation: Intermittent colicky pain, vomiting, currant-jelly stools, and a target sign on ultrasound are typical of intussusception.

100. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A newborn has severe respiratory distress, a scaphoid abdomen, and decreased breath sounds on the left. Chest radiograph shows bowel loops in the left hemithorax with mediastinal shift. What is the appropriate initial management?
A. Bag-mask ventilation at high pressure
B. Immediate oral feeding
C. Endotracheal intubation with gastric decompression
D. Chest tube insertion into the left chest as first step
Answer: C. Endotracheal intubation with gastric decompression
Explanation: This is congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Avoid bag-mask ventilation because it inflates herniated bowel and worsens lung compression. Intubate and insert an orogastric tube for decompression.

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Predicted NEET PG 2026 Mock: Questions 101-150

Integrated basics with clinical vignettes, lab interpretation, pathology-image descriptions, pharmacology, microbiology, PSM, and forensic medicine.

101. Anaphylaxis after antibiotic

A 28-year-old woman develops generalized urticaria, wheeze, dizziness, and hypotension within minutes of receiving IV ceftriaxone. What is the first-line treatment?
A. IV hydrocortisone
B. IM adrenaline in the anterolateral thigh
C. IV chlorpheniramine only
D. Nebulized salbutamol only
Answer: B. IM adrenaline in the anterolateral thigh
Explanation: This is anaphylaxis. Immediate intramuscular adrenaline is first line. Airway support, oxygen, IV fluids, and adjunctive agents follow.

102. ACE inhibitor cough

A 56-year-old man develops persistent dry cough two weeks after starting ramipril. The cough is most likely due to accumulation of:
A. Angiotensin II
B. Bradykinin
C. Aldosterone
D. Endothelin
Answer: B. Bradykinin
Explanation: ACE breaks down bradykinin. ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin, causing dry cough and occasionally angioedema.

103. ACE inhibitor in pregnancy

A woman with chronic hypertension becomes pregnant while taking enalapril. Which fetal complication is associated with ACE-inhibitor exposure?
A. Neural tube defect
B. Renal dysgenesis and oligohydramnios
C. Ebstein anomaly
D. Gray baby syndrome
Answer: B. Renal dysgenesis and oligohydramnios
Explanation: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy because fetal renal injury can lead to oligohydramnios and impaired skull development.

104. Digoxin toxicity

A 72-year-old man taking digoxin and furosemide reports nausea, yellow vision, and palpitations. ECG shows an arrhythmia. His serum potassium is 2.8 mEq/L. Which factor most likely precipitated digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia only
Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Explanation: Hypokalemia increases digoxin binding to Na+/K+-ATPase and predisposes to toxicity. Loop diuretics are a common cause.

105. Digoxin overdose antidote

A patient with life-threatening digoxin toxicity has ventricular arrhythmia and hyperkalemia. The specific antidote is:
A. Atropine
B. Digoxin-specific antibody fragments
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. N-acetylcysteine
Answer: B. Digoxin-specific antibody fragments
Explanation: Digoxin immune Fab is indicated in severe toxicity, including life-threatening arrhythmia or significant hyperkalemia.

106. Beta-blocker poisoning

A patient presents after intentional propranolol overdose with bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and altered sensorium. Which treatment may be used for refractory toxicity?
A. Glucagon
B. Methylene blue
C. Protamine sulfate
D. Pyridoxine
Answer: A. Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon increases cardiac cAMP independently of beta receptors and can improve bradycardia and hypotension in beta-blocker poisoning.

107. Calcium-channel blocker overdose

A patient with verapamil overdose has profound hypotension, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia. Which treatment is especially useful in severe calcium-channel blocker poisoning?
A. High-dose insulin euglycemia therapy
B. Naloxone
C. Deferoxamine
D. Vitamin K
Answer: A. High-dose insulin euglycemia therapy
Explanation: High-dose insulin therapy improves myocardial carbohydrate utilization and is a key treatment in severe calcium-channel blocker toxicity.

108. Serotonin syndrome

A patient taking sertraline is prescribed linezolid and develops agitation, fever, diaphoresis, diarrhea, hyperreflexia, and inducible clonus. The diagnosis is:
A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
B. Serotonin syndrome
C. Malignant hyperthermia
D. Anticholinergic toxicity
Answer: B. Serotonin syndrome
Explanation: Serotonin syndrome causes neuromuscular hyperactivity, especially clonus and hyperreflexia. NMS usually causes lead-pipe rigidity and hyporeflexia.

109. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A patient develops high fever, altered sensorium, autonomic instability, severe generalized “lead-pipe” rigidity, and elevated creatine kinase after haloperidol initiation. The diagnosis is:
A. Serotonin syndrome
B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
C. Thyroid storm
D. Acute dystonia
Answer: B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Explanation: NMS is associated with dopamine-blocking drugs and presents with fever, rigidity, altered mental state, autonomic instability, and elevated CK.

110. Malignant hyperthermia

During general anesthesia with a volatile anesthetic, a patient develops rapidly rising end-tidal CO₂, generalized rigidity, hyperthermia, and acidosis. The specific treatment is:
A. Dantrolene
B. Naloxone
C. Pralidoxime
D. Calcium gluconate
Answer: A. Dantrolene
Explanation: Malignant hyperthermia is due to uncontrolled calcium release from skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene is the antidote.

111. Local-anesthetic systemic toxicity

Soon after a peripheral nerve block, a patient develops perioral numbness, tinnitus, seizures, and ventricular arrhythmia. What is the specific rescue therapy?
A. IV lipid emulsion
B. IV iron
C. Methylene blue
D. Activated charcoal
Answer: A. IV lipid emulsion
Explanation: This is local-anesthetic systemic toxicity, often due to bupivacaine. IV lipid emulsion acts as a lipid sink and is part of emergency treatment.

112. Rifampicin interaction

A woman using combined oral contraceptive pills starts rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy. What is the important counseling point?
A. Rifampicin increases OCP efficacy
B. Rifampicin can reduce OCP efficacy
C. OCPs prevent rifampicin hepatotoxicity
D. Rifampicin must never be used in women
Answer: B. Rifampicin can reduce OCP efficacy
Explanation: Rifampicin is a potent hepatic enzyme inducer and reduces the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives. Additional or alternative contraception is needed.

113. Warfarin monitoring

A patient receiving warfarin for a mechanical valve requires regular monitoring of:
A. Bleeding time
B. Activated partial thromboplastin time
C. Prothrombin time/INR
D. Thrombin time
Answer: C. Prothrombin time/INR
Explanation: Warfarin affects vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and is monitored with PT/INR. Unfractionated heparin is monitored using aPTT.

114. Heparin reversal

A postoperative patient receiving unfractionated heparin develops major bleeding. The antidote is:
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Idarucizumab
D. Andexanet alfa
Answer: B. Protamine sulfate
Explanation: Protamine binds and neutralizes heparin. It provides only partial reversal of low-molecular-weight heparin.

115. Direct oral anticoagulant reversal

A patient taking dabigatran has intracranial hemorrhage. Which specific reversal agent is most appropriate?
A. Idarucizumab
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Vitamin K
D. Desmopressin
Answer: A. Idarucizumab
Explanation: Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that specifically reverses dabigatran.

116. Methotrexate toxicity

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate develops oral ulcers, pancytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Which agent reduces methotrexate toxicity?
A. Folinic acid
B. Pyridoxine
C. Vitamin K
D. Leucine
Answer: A. Folinic acid
Explanation: Folinic acid, or leucovorin, bypasses dihydrofolate-reductase blockade and rescues normal cells from methotrexate toxicity.

117. Gout after chemotherapy

A patient with high-grade lymphoma develops acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperuricemia within 24 hours of chemotherapy. The diagnosis is:
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B. Tumor lysis syndrome
C. Acute interstitial nephritis
D. Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Answer: B. Tumor lysis syndrome
Explanation: Rapid lysis of tumor cells releases potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids. Uric-acid nephropathy can produce AKI.

118. Tumor lysis prophylaxis

A patient with bulky Burkitt lymphoma is about to start chemotherapy and has high risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Which drug rapidly lowers existing serum uric acid?
A. Allopurinol
B. Rasburicase
C. Probenecid
D. Acetazolamide
Answer: B. Rasburicase
Explanation: Rasburicase converts uric acid to soluble allantoin and rapidly lowers existing uric acid. Allopurinol prevents new uric-acid formation.

119. Leukemia smear

A 6-year-old child has fever, pallor, bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly, and blasts on peripheral smear. The blasts are TdT positive. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B. Acute myeloid leukemia
C. Chronic myeloid leukemia
D. Multiple myeloma
Answer: A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Explanation: ALL is the most common childhood malignancy. TdT is a marker of lymphoblasts.

120. Acute promyelocytic leukemia

A patient with acute leukemia has bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and promyelocytes containing multiple Auer rods. Which treatment should be started urgently?
A. All-trans retinoic acid
B. Imatinib
C. Rituximab
D. Hydroxyurea only
Answer: A. All-trans retinoic acid
Explanation: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is associated with PML-RARA translocation and DIC. ATRA should be started immediately when suspected.

121. Chronic myeloid leukemia

A 45-year-old patient has fatigue, massive splenomegaly, marked leukocytosis with myeloid precursors, and a BCR-ABL fusion gene. The most appropriate targeted therapy is:
A. Imatinib
B. ATRA
C. Methotrexate
D. Bleomycin
Answer: A. Imatinib
Explanation: CML is driven by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Imatinib inhibits this kinase.

122. Multiple myeloma

An older adult has bone pain, anemia, renal dysfunction, hypercalcemia, rouleaux formation, and punched-out lytic lesions on skull X-ray. The diagnosis is:
A. Waldenström macroglobulinemia
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Hodgkin lymphoma
D. Osteopetrosis
Answer: B. Multiple myeloma
Explanation: The CRAB features are hyperCalcemia, Renal dysfunction, Anemia, and Bone lesions. A monoclonal plasma-cell disorder causes these findings.

123. Monoclonal protein test

In suspected multiple myeloma, the test that detects monoclonal free light chains in urine is:
A. Benedict test
B. Bence Jones protein testing
C. Coombs test
D. Schilling test
Answer: B. Bence Jones protein testing
Explanation: Bence Jones proteins are free monoclonal light chains in urine, typically kappa or lambda.

124. Lymph-node biopsy

A lymph-node biopsy shows small mature B cells that are CD5 positive, CD23 positive, and cyclin D1 negative. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
B. Mantle-cell lymphoma
C. Burkitt lymphoma
D. Follicular lymphoma
Answer: A. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Explanation: CLL/SLL typically expresses CD5 and CD23. Mantle-cell lymphoma is cyclin D1 positive and usually CD23 negative.

125. Mantle-cell lymphoma

A lymph-node biopsy shows B-cell lymphoma with t(11;14) translocation and overexpression of cyclin D1. The diagnosis is:
A. Follicular lymphoma
B. Mantle-cell lymphoma
C. Burkitt lymphoma
D. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Answer: B. Mantle-cell lymphoma
Explanation: Mantle-cell lymphoma is associated with t(11;14), causing cyclin D1 overexpression.

126. Burkitt lymphoma

A child has a rapidly enlarging jaw mass. Biopsy reveals a “starry-sky” appearance and translocation t(8;14). The diagnosis is:
A. Burkitt lymphoma
B. Hodgkin lymphoma
C. Mantle-cell lymphoma
D. Multiple myeloma
Answer: A. Burkitt lymphoma
Explanation: Burkitt lymphoma is associated with c-MYC activation, classically t(8;14), and shows a starry-sky histologic pattern.

127. Papillary thyroid carcinoma

A thyroid nodule biopsy shows nuclear grooves, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and psammoma bodies. The diagnosis is:
A. Follicular thyroid carcinoma
B. Medullary thyroid carcinoma
C. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
D. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Answer: C. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Explanation: Papillary thyroid carcinoma shows Orphan Annie eye nuclei, nuclear grooves, inclusions, and psammoma bodies. It commonly spreads via lymphatics.

128. Medullary thyroid carcinoma

A patient with thyroid nodule has elevated calcitonin. Histology shows amyloid deposition in the stroma. Which associated syndrome should be considered?
A. MEN 2
B. MEN 1
C. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
D. Lynch syndrome
Answer: A. MEN 2
Explanation: Medullary thyroid carcinoma arises from parafollicular C cells, secretes calcitonin, and may occur in MEN 2 with pheochromocytoma.

129. Cervical cytology

A cervical biopsy demonstrates koilocytes. This finding indicates infection with:
A. Human papillomavirus
B. Herpes simplex virus
C. Cytomegalovirus
D. Epstein-Barr virus
Answer: A. Human papillomavirus
Explanation: Koilocytosis is the characteristic cytopathic change of HPV infection and is relevant to cervical neoplasia.

130. Barrett esophagus

A patient with long-standing reflux has endoscopy showing salmon-colored mucosa extending above the gastroesophageal junction. Biopsy reveals intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells. This condition predisposes to:
A. Esophageal adenocarcinoma
B. Squamous-cell carcinoma of esophagus only
C. Gastric lymphoma
D. Achalasia
Answer: A. Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Explanation: Barrett esophagus is intestinal metaplasia caused by chronic GERD and raises the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

131. Amyloidosis staining

A renal biopsy demonstrates extracellular amorphous deposits that are Congo-red positive and show apple-green birefringence under polarized light. The diagnosis is:
A. Amyloidosis
B. Fibrinoid necrosis
C. Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
D. Fatty change
Answer: A. Amyloidosis
Explanation: Congo-red positivity with apple-green birefringence is the classic diagnostic finding of amyloid.

132. Lupus nephritis

A young woman with malar rash, arthritis, proteinuria, and hematuria undergoes renal biopsy. Immunofluorescence shows granular deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q. This pattern is called:
A. Linear pattern
B. Full-house pattern
C. Pauci-immune pattern
D. Anti-GBM pattern
Answer: B. Full-house pattern
Explanation: Lupus nephritis shows “full-house” immunofluorescence staining for multiple immunoglobulins and complement components.

133. Goodpasture pathology

A patient with pulmonary hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis has linear deposition of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane. The underlying autoantibody targets:
A. Type IV collagen
B. Desmoglein 3
C. Acetylcholine receptor
D. Double-stranded DNA only
Answer: A. Type IV collagen
Explanation: Anti-GBM disease targets the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen in glomerular and alveolar basement membranes.

134. Meningococcal rash

A college student presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, shock, and rapidly evolving nonblanching purpuric rash. The most likely organism is:
A. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Haemophilus influenzae
Answer: A. Neisseria meningitidis
Explanation: Meningococcemia can cause septic shock and a petechial or purpuric nonblanching rash due to DIC and vascular injury.

135. Infective endocarditis

A patient with prolonged fever, splinter hemorrhages, new mitral regurgitation murmur, and multiple positive blood cultures has suspected infective endocarditis. The most appropriate imaging test to initially assess vegetations is:
A. Transthoracic echocardiography
B. Plain chest radiograph
C. CT abdomen
D. Coronary angiography
Answer: A. Transthoracic echocardiography
Explanation: Echocardiography is used to identify valvular vegetations and complications. Transesophageal echo is more sensitive when suspicion remains high or prosthetic valves are involved.

136. Intravenous drug use and endocarditis

A person who injects drugs has fever, septic pulmonary emboli, and a new systolic murmur that becomes louder during inspiration. Which valve is most likely affected?
A. Mitral valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Pulmonary valve
Answer: C. Tricuspid valve
Explanation: Right-sided infective endocarditis, commonly involving the tricuspid valve, is associated with intravenous drug use and can produce septic pulmonary emboli.

137. Dengue warning signs

A patient with dengue fever enters the critical phase as the fever begins to settle. He develops persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, lethargy, rising hematocrit, and falling platelet count. This suggests:
A. Recovery phase
B. Dengue with warning signs and plasma leakage risk
C. Simple viral fever only
D. Bacterial meningitis
Answer: B. Dengue with warning signs and plasma leakage risk
Explanation: Warning signs often occur around defervescence and indicate risk of severe dengue. Careful monitoring and judicious fluid management are needed.

138. Dengue fluid management

A patient with dengue has hemoconcentration, narrow pulse pressure, cold extremities, and delayed capillary refill. The priority is:
A. Routine platelet transfusion based only on low platelet count
B. Careful isotonic IV fluid resuscitation with close reassessment
C. Aspirin for myalgia
D. Intramuscular injections
Answer: B. Careful isotonic IV fluid resuscitation with close reassessment
Explanation: Shock in dengue results from plasma leakage and requires carefully titrated isotonic fluid resuscitation. Platelet count alone does not determine transfusion need.

139. Malaria peripheral smear

A febrile patient’s peripheral smear shows multiple delicate ring forms within RBCs and crescent-shaped gametocytes. The species is:
A. Plasmodium vivax
B. Plasmodium falciparum
C. Plasmodium malariae
D. Plasmodium ovale
Answer: B. Plasmodium falciparum
Explanation: Multiple ring forms per RBC and crescent-shaped gametocytes are characteristic of P. falciparum.

140. Severe malaria

A patient with falciparum malaria has altered consciousness, jaundice, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, and parasitemia. The appropriate treatment is:
A. Oral chloroquine
B. IV artesunate
C. Primaquine alone
D. Oral doxycycline alone
Answer: B. IV artesunate
Explanation: Severe malaria requires parenteral artesunate. Supportive management of complications is also essential.

141. Rabies exposure category

A child is bitten by a stray dog and has bleeding puncture wounds on the hand. The animal is unavailable for observation. Appropriate post-exposure management includes:
A. Wound washing only
B. Rabies vaccine only
C. Rabies vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated into wounds
D. Tetanus vaccine only
Answer: C. Rabies vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated into wounds
Explanation: Transdermal bites or scratches are category III exposures. Immediate wound washing, vaccine, and rabies immunoglobulin are indicated in an unvaccinated person.

142. HIV testing algorithm principle

A patient’s initial HIV screening test is reactive. Before diagnosing HIV infection, the correct general principle is:
A. Start lifelong ART without confirmation in every circumstance
B. Confirm infection using the recommended sequential testing algorithm
C. Repeat the same test only after one year
D. Diagnose AIDS based on screening result alone
Answer: B. Confirm infection using the recommended sequential testing algorithm
Explanation: HIV diagnosis requires the validated testing algorithm using sequential assays. A single reactive screening test is not sufficient for definitive diagnosis.

143. HIV prophylaxis after needle-stick injury

A healthcare worker sustains a needle-stick injury from a source patient known to have HIV. What is the best approach?
A. Wait for symptoms before treatment
B. Begin post-exposure prophylaxis as soon as possible after risk assessment
C. Give only tetanus toxoid
D. Use antiretrovirals only after six months
Answer: B. Begin post-exposure prophylaxis as soon as possible after risk assessment
Explanation: HIV PEP should be initiated promptly after a significant exposure, ideally within hours. Do not wait for seroconversion.

144. Tuberculosis diagnosis

A patient with cough, weight loss, night sweats, and upper-lobe infiltrates has sputum tested using a rapid molecular assay that detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. This test is:
A. Mantoux test
B. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test
C. Widal test
D. Gram stain
Answer: B. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test
Explanation: CBNAAT/rapid molecular testing detects M. tuberculosis DNA and can identify rifampicin resistance rapidly.

145. Pseudomembranous colitis

A hospitalized patient develops profuse watery diarrhea after clindamycin use. Colonoscopy reveals yellow-white plaques over colonic mucosa. The causative organism is:
A. Clostridioides difficile
B. Vibrio cholerae
C. Shigella dysenteriae
D. Entamoeba histolytica
Answer: A. Clostridioides difficile
Explanation: Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis is caused by C. difficile toxins A and B.

146. Food poisoning

Several people develop vomiting within 4 hours of eating cream-filled pastries. The likely organism and mechanism are:
A. Staphylococcus aureus preformed enterotoxin
B. Salmonella typhi endotoxin
C. Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin
D. Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin
Answer: A. Staphylococcus aureus preformed enterotoxin
Explanation: Rapid-onset vomiting within a few hours is characteristic of ingestion of preformed heat-stable S. aureus enterotoxin.

147. Screening-test interpretation

A screening test has high sensitivity but modest specificity. A negative result is most useful for:
A. Ruling in disease
B. Ruling out disease
C. Establishing prevalence
D. Estimating mortality rate
Answer: B. Ruling out disease
Explanation: A highly sensitive test has few false negatives. Therefore, a negative result helps rule out disease: “SnNout.”

148. Lead-time bias

A screening program detects cancer earlier, increasing the interval from diagnosis to death, but does not actually delay death. This apparent improvement in survival is:
A. Selection bias
B. Lead-time bias
C. Recall bias
D. Berkson bias
Answer: B. Lead-time bias
Explanation: Earlier diagnosis can artificially increase measured survival time even when the actual time of death is unchanged.

149. Organophosphate poisoning and aging

A patient with organophosphate poisoning receives atropine but reaches hospital late. Why may pralidoxime become less effective over time?
A. It blocks muscarinic receptors irreversibly
B. Organophosphate-AChE complex undergoes aging
C. Atropine destroys pralidoxime
D. Acetylcholine becomes inactive
Answer: B. Organophosphate-AChE complex undergoes aging
Explanation: Aging strengthens the organophosphate-acetylcholinesterase bond, making enzyme reactivation by pralidoxime ineffective.

150. Forensic estimation of burn surface area

A 70-kg adult has full-thickness burns involving the entire right upper limb and the anterior trunk. Using the adult Rule of Nines, the estimated total body surface area burned is:
A. 9%
B. 18%
C. 27%
D. 36%
Answer: C. 27%
Explanation: In an adult, one entire upper limb equals 9%, and the anterior trunk equals 18%. Total = 27%.

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NEET PG INI CET 2025 2026 image based questions radiology clinical pattern

Predicted NEET PG 2026 Mock: Questions 151-200

Imaging-heavy clinical vignettes. Read every imaging description as though it is the image shown in the examination. This set emphasizes pattern recognition, next-best investigation, and immediate management.

151. Extradural hematoma on CT

A 22-year-old man has a road-traffic accident, transient loss of consciousness, a lucid interval, followed by worsening headache and vomiting. CT brain shows a biconvex, lens-shaped hyperdense collection that does not cross suture lines.
A. Subdural hematoma
B. Extradural hematoma
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Diffuse axonal injury
Answer: B. Extradural hematoma
Explanation: A biconvex hyperdense lesion limited by suture lines is an extradural hematoma, usually from middle meningeal artery injury.

152. Subdural hematoma on CT

An elderly patient on anticoagulants falls at home and develops progressive confusion over several days. CT brain shows a crescent-shaped hyperdense collection crossing suture lines over the cerebral hemisphere.
A. Extradural hematoma
B. Acute subdural hematoma
C. Intracerebral hemorrhage
D. Epidermoid cyst
Answer: B. Acute subdural hematoma
Explanation: Subdural hematoma results from torn bridging veins. It is crescent shaped and can cross sutures.

153. Diffuse axonal injury

A patient remains unconscious after a high-speed motor-vehicle crash. CT brain is initially almost normal. MRI later shows small hemorrhagic lesions at the gray-white junction and corpus callosum.
A. Diffuse axonal injury
B. Extradural hematoma
C. Meningitis
D. Brain abscess
Answer: A. Diffuse axonal injury
Explanation: Rotational acceleration-deceleration injury causes diffuse axonal injury. MRI is more sensitive than CT for lesions at the gray-white junction and corpus callosum.

154. Hydrocephalus on CT

A child has headache, vomiting, papilledema, and progressively enlarging head circumference. CT brain shows enlarged lateral and third ventricles with a normal-sized fourth ventricle.
A. Communicating hydrocephalus
B. Obstructive hydrocephalus at the cerebral aqueduct
C. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus
D. Cerebral atrophy
Answer: B. Obstructive hydrocephalus at the cerebral aqueduct
Explanation: Enlargement of lateral and third ventricles with a normal fourth ventricle suggests aqueductal obstruction.

155. Pituitary macroadenoma imaging

A patient has headache, bitemporal hemianopia, and reduced libido. MRI of the sella shows a large pituitary mass extending upward and compressing the optic chiasm.
A. Craniopharyngioma
B. Pituitary macroadenoma
C. Meningioma
D. Schwannoma
Answer: B. Pituitary macroadenoma
Explanation: A pituitary macroadenoma can compress the optic chiasm and cause bitemporal hemianopia.

156. Acoustic neuroma

A patient has progressive unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and imbalance. MRI shows a cerebellopontine-angle mass extending into the internal auditory canal.
A. Meningioma
B. Vestibular schwannoma
C. Pituitary adenoma
D. Medulloblastoma
Answer: B. Vestibular schwannoma
Explanation: Vestibular schwannoma, commonly called acoustic neuroma, arises from the vestibular division of CN VIII and expands the internal auditory canal.

157. Multiple sclerosis MRI

A young woman has recurrent episodes of optic neuritis and limb numbness separated in time. MRI brain shows multiple periventricular ovoid lesions oriented perpendicular to the lateral ventricles, described as “Dawson fingers.”
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Glioblastoma
C. Tuberculoma
D. Meningioma
Answer: A. Multiple sclerosis
Explanation: Periventricular Dawson fingers are characteristic MRI lesions of multiple sclerosis.

158. Spinal tuberculosis

A patient has chronic back pain, fever, weight loss, and progressive lower-limb weakness. MRI spine shows destruction of adjacent vertebral bodies, disc-space narrowing, paravertebral collection, and gibbus deformity.
A. Ankylosing spondylitis
B. Pyogenic discitis only
C. Pott disease
D. Multiple myeloma
Answer: C. Pott disease
Explanation: Spinal tuberculosis commonly involves adjacent vertebrae and disc space, with paravertebral abscess and kyphotic deformity. MRI is the preferred imaging modality to assess neural compression and soft-tissue disease.

159. Cord compression

A patient with known prostate cancer develops severe back pain, bilateral leg weakness, sensory level at the umbilicus, and urinary retention. MRI spine shows epidural soft-tissue compression of the thoracic cord.
A. Lumbar radiculopathy
B. Malignant spinal-cord compression
C. Cauda equina syndrome
D. Peripheral neuropathy
Answer: B. Malignant spinal-cord compression
Explanation: Cancer with back pain, motor weakness, sphincter dysfunction, and MRI evidence of epidural compression is malignant spinal-cord compression, requiring urgent steroids and specialist treatment.

160. Chest X-ray: lobar collapse

A chest radiograph shows a triangular opacity in the right upper zone with elevation of the horizontal fissure and upward displacement of the right hilum.
A. Right upper-lobe collapse
B. Right pleural effusion
C. Right pneumothorax
D. Right lower-lobe pneumonia
Answer: A. Right upper-lobe collapse
Explanation: Volume loss with fissural and hilar displacement toward the affected side indicates lobar collapse.

161. Chest X-ray: pneumothorax

A tall young man develops sudden pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray shows a visible pleural line with no lung markings peripheral to it.
A. Pleural effusion
B. Pneumothorax
C. Lobar consolidation
D. Pulmonary edema
Answer: B. Pneumothorax
Explanation: Absence of peripheral lung markings beyond a pleural line indicates pneumothorax.

162. Chest X-ray: pulmonary edema

A patient with acute left-ventricular failure has severe dyspnea and pink frothy sputum. Chest X-ray shows bilateral perihilar fluffy opacities in a “bat-wing” distribution.
A. Miliary tuberculosis
B. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
C. Pneumocystis pneumonia
D. Bronchiectasis
Answer: B. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Explanation: Bat-wing perihilar opacities with acute heart-failure symptoms are typical of alveolar pulmonary edema.

163. Chest X-ray: miliary TB

A patient with prolonged fever, weight loss, and hepatosplenomegaly has chest X-ray showing innumerable tiny, uniformly distributed nodular opacities in both lungs.
A. Miliary tuberculosis
B. Bronchogenic carcinoma
C. Lobar pneumonia
D. Pulmonary edema
Answer: A. Miliary tuberculosis
Explanation: Diffuse millet-seed-sized nodules throughout both lungs suggest hematogenous dissemination of tuberculosis.

164. Pancoast tumor

A smoker presents with shoulder pain radiating along the medial arm, hand-muscle wasting, and ipsilateral ptosis and miosis. Chest imaging reveals an apical lung mass.
A. Thymoma
B. Pancoast tumor
C. Pleural effusion
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B. Pancoast tumor
Explanation: An apical lung tumor can invade the lower brachial plexus and sympathetic chain, producing shoulder pain, C8-T1 symptoms, and Horner syndrome.

165. HRCT in interstitial lung disease

A patient with progressive exertional dyspnea and dry cough has HRCT showing basal, peripheral reticular opacities, traction bronchiectasis, and honeycombing.
A. Usual interstitial pneumonia pattern
B. Acute pulmonary edema
C. Lobar consolidation
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: A. Usual interstitial pneumonia pattern
Explanation: Basal subpleural honeycombing with traction bronchiectasis is the classic usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, commonly associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

166. CT pulmonary angiography

A postoperative patient has sudden dyspnea and tachycardia. CT pulmonary angiography shows a central contrast-filling defect in a pulmonary artery.
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Aortic dissection
D. Lung abscess
Answer: B. Pulmonary embolism
Explanation: An intraluminal filling defect on CT pulmonary angiography confirms pulmonary embolism.

167. CT abdomen: acute pancreatitis severity

A patient with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back has contrast-enhanced CT showing a nonenhancing segment of pancreas with surrounding fluid collections.
A. Acute edematous pancreatitis
B. Necrotizing pancreatitis
C. Pancreatic carcinoma
D. Chronic pancreatitis only
Answer: B. Necrotizing pancreatitis
Explanation: Nonenhancement of pancreatic tissue on contrast CT indicates pancreatic necrosis.

168. CT abdomen: appendicitis

A patient has migratory right-iliac-fossa pain, fever, and leukocytosis. CT shows a blind-ending tubular structure measuring 9 mm in diameter with wall thickening, periappendiceal fat stranding, and an appendicolith.
A. Acute appendicitis
B. Meckel diverticulitis
C. Crohn disease
D. Intussusception
Answer: A. Acute appendicitis
Explanation: A dilated noncompressible appendix with periappendiceal inflammation and appendicolith confirms acute appendicitis.

169. CT abdomen: sigmoid volvulus

An elderly bedridden patient has abdominal distension, constipation, and vomiting. Abdominal X-ray shows a markedly dilated loop of colon shaped like an inverted U or “coffee bean.”
A. Cecal volvulus
B. Sigmoid volvulus
C. Intussusception
D. Acute pancreatitis
Answer: B. Sigmoid volvulus
Explanation: The coffee-bean sign is characteristic of sigmoid volvulus.

170. CT abdomen: intussusception

A child with intermittent colicky abdominal pain and vomiting undergoes ultrasound. It shows concentric alternating echogenic and hypoechoic rings, termed the “target sign.”
A. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B. Intussusception
C. Acute appendicitis
D. Hirschsprung disease
Answer: B. Intussusception
Explanation: The target or doughnut sign on ultrasound is characteristic of intussusception.

171. Ultrasound: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A 4-week-old infant has projectile nonbilious vomiting, visible gastric peristalsis, and a palpable olive-like mass. Ultrasound shows a thickened and elongated pyloric muscle.
A. Duodenal atresia
B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
C. Malrotation with volvulus
D. Intussusception
Answer: B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes nonbilious projectile vomiting. Ultrasound demonstrates increased pyloric muscle thickness and length.

172. Double-bubble sign

A newborn has bilious vomiting soon after birth. Abdominal X-ray shows two large gas-filled bubbles with no gas beyond them.
A. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B. Duodenal atresia
C. Intussusception
D. Hirschsprung disease
Answer: B. Duodenal atresia
Explanation: The double-bubble sign represents a dilated stomach and proximal duodenum, classically due to duodenal atresia.

173. Corkscrew appearance

A neonate presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension. Upper GI contrast study shows a corkscrew appearance of the duodenum and jejunum.
A. Malrotation with midgut volvulus
B. Pyloric stenosis
C. Hirschsprung disease
D. Necrotizing enterocolitis
Answer: A. Malrotation with midgut volvulus
Explanation: A corkscrew configuration on upper GI contrast study suggests malrotation with midgut volvulus, a surgical emergency.

174. Necrotizing enterocolitis imaging

A premature neonate has feed intolerance, abdominal distension, lethargy, and bloody stools. Abdominal X-ray shows linear and bubbly lucencies within the bowel wall.
A. Meconium ileus
B. Necrotizing enterocolitis
C. Intussusception
D. Hirschsprung disease
Answer: B. Necrotizing enterocolitis
Explanation: Pneumatosis intestinalis, gas within the bowel wall, is a hallmark radiographic feature of necrotizing enterocolitis.

175. Ultrasound in ectopic pregnancy

A woman with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, spotting, and positive pregnancy test undergoes transvaginal ultrasound. It shows an empty uterus, adnexal gestational sac with yolk sac, and free pelvic fluid.
A. Threatened abortion
B. Ectopic pregnancy
C. Complete abortion
D. Molar pregnancy
Answer: B. Ectopic pregnancy
Explanation: An extrauterine gestational sac with free fluid in a pregnant woman indicates ectopic pregnancy, often tubal rupture if unstable.

176. Molar pregnancy ultrasound

A woman at 12 weeks' gestation has vaginal bleeding, severe vomiting, uterus larger than expected, very high beta-hCG, and ultrasound showing diffuse echogenic material with multiple small cystic spaces, described as a “snowstorm.”
A. Complete hydatidiform mole
B. Placenta previa
C. Ectopic pregnancy
D. Missed abortion
Answer: A. Complete hydatidiform mole
Explanation: A snowstorm appearance without fetus is typical of complete molar pregnancy.

177. Placenta accreta spectrum

A woman with prior cesarean delivery has placenta previa. Ultrasound with Doppler shows numerous placental lacunae, loss of the retroplacental clear zone, and increased vascularity at the uterovesical interface.
A. Placenta accreta spectrum
B. Abruptio placentae
C. Vasa previa
D. Chorioamnionitis
Answer: A. Placenta accreta spectrum
Explanation: Placenta previa with previous cesarean scar is a major risk factor for morbidly adherent placenta. Ultrasound lacunae and abnormal interface vascularity are suggestive.

178. Ovarian torsion ultrasound

A woman has sudden severe unilateral lower-abdominal pain with vomiting. Pelvic ultrasound shows an enlarged ovary with peripheral follicles and reduced venous flow on Doppler.
A. Ectopic pregnancy
B. Ovarian torsion
C. Pelvic inflammatory disease
D. Endometriosis
Answer: B. Ovarian torsion
Explanation: Enlarged edematous ovary with peripherally displaced follicles and impaired flow suggests ovarian torsion. It requires urgent gynecologic intervention.

179. Breast imaging

A 52-year-old woman has a hard breast lump. Mammography shows an irregular spiculated mass with clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications.
A. Fibroadenoma
B. Invasive breast carcinoma
C. Simple breast cyst
D. Lipoma
Answer: B. Invasive breast carcinoma
Explanation: A spiculated lesion with suspicious pleomorphic calcifications is highly concerning for breast malignancy.

180. Testicular torsion Doppler

A 15-year-old boy has sudden severe unilateral scrotal pain, nausea, a high-riding testis, and absent cremasteric reflex. Color Doppler shows absent intratesticular blood flow.
A. Epididymo-orchitis
B. Testicular torsion
C. Hydrocele
D. Varicocele
Answer: B. Testicular torsion
Explanation: Absent testicular blood flow on Doppler in acute scrotum indicates testicular torsion. Immediate surgical exploration is required.

181. Renal ultrasound

A patient with flank pain and fever has ultrasound showing a dilated renal pelvis and calyces. What does this finding represent?
A. Hydronephrosis
B. Renal-cell carcinoma
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Nephrotic syndrome
Answer: A. Hydronephrosis
Explanation: Dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces indicates hydronephrosis, often due to urinary outflow obstruction.

182. Renal mass CT

A patient has painless hematuria and a left renal mass on contrast-enhanced CT. The mass enhances more than surrounding renal parenchyma and extends into the renal vein.
A. Simple renal cyst
B. Renal-cell carcinoma
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Wilms tumor
Answer: B. Renal-cell carcinoma
Explanation: An enhancing renal mass with renal-vein invasion is characteristic of renal-cell carcinoma.

183. Polycystic kidney disease

A patient with hypertension and family history of kidney disease has ultrasound showing bilaterally enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts. CT angiography is ordered because of a sudden severe headache.
A. Berry aneurysm
B. Carotid stenosis
C. Aortic coarctation
D. Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Answer: A. Berry aneurysm
Explanation: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is associated with intracranial berry aneurysms.

184. Avascular necrosis of femoral head

A young adult on prolonged corticosteroids has progressive groin pain. X-ray may be normal early, but MRI shows a serpiginous subchondral low-signal band in the femoral head.
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Avascular necrosis of femoral head
C. Septic arthritis
D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Answer: B. Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Explanation: MRI is the most sensitive test for early avascular necrosis. Corticosteroid exposure is an important risk factor.

185. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

An obese adolescent boy has hip pain referred to the knee and walks with the leg externally rotated. Frog-leg lateral radiograph shows posterior and inferior displacement of the femoral epiphysis relative to the neck.
A. Developmental dysplasia of hip
B. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
C. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D. Septic arthritis
Answer: B. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Explanation: SCFE occurs in adolescents, especially with obesity. The epiphysis slips posteroinferiorly through the growth plate.

186. Osteosarcoma imaging

A 17-year-old has progressive pain and swelling around the knee. X-ray shows a metaphyseal lesion of distal femur with mixed lytic-sclerotic appearance, sunburst periosteal reaction, and Codman triangle.
A. Ewing sarcoma
B. Osteosarcoma
C. Giant-cell tumor
D. Chondrosarcoma
Answer: B. Osteosarcoma
Explanation: Osteosarcoma typically occurs in the metaphysis around the knee and produces sunburst periosteal reaction with Codman triangle.

187. Ewing sarcoma imaging

A 12-year-old has fever, pain, and swelling over the femoral shaft. X-ray shows a diaphyseal permeative lytic lesion with onion-skin periosteal reaction.
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Ewing sarcoma
C. Osteochondroma
D. Chondroblastoma
Answer: B. Ewing sarcoma
Explanation: Ewing sarcoma commonly affects the diaphysis and classically causes onion-skin periosteal reaction.

188. Giant-cell tumor imaging

A skeletally mature adult has pain near the knee. X-ray demonstrates an eccentric, expansile, purely lytic lesion extending to the subarticular region of the epiphysis.
A. Osteosarcoma
B. Giant-cell tumor
C. Ewing sarcoma
D. Osteoid osteoma
Answer: B. Giant-cell tumor
Explanation: Giant-cell tumor occurs in adults after epiphyseal closure and is typically an epiphyseal, eccentric “soap-bubble” lytic lesion.

189. Osteomyelitis MRI

A patient with diabetes has a chronic plantar ulcer and fever. MRI foot shows marrow edema and cortical destruction in the underlying metatarsal.
A. Charcot arthropathy only
B. Osteomyelitis
C. Cellulitis only
D. Gout
Answer: B. Osteomyelitis
Explanation: Bone-marrow edema and cortical destruction under a diabetic foot ulcer indicate osteomyelitis. MRI is highly useful for defining extent.

190. Anterior shoulder dislocation

After a fall, a patient holds the arm slightly abducted and externally rotated. X-ray shows the humeral head displaced anteroinferior to the glenoid.
A. Posterior shoulder dislocation
B. Anterior shoulder dislocation
C. Acromioclavicular dislocation
D. Surgical-neck fracture only
Answer: B. Anterior shoulder dislocation
Explanation: Anterior shoulder dislocation is the commonest type and usually follows abduction with external rotation.

191. Posterior shoulder dislocation

A patient has a seizure and afterwards has shoulder pain with inability to externally rotate the arm. AP radiograph shows a “light-bulb” appearance of the humeral head.
A. Anterior shoulder dislocation
B. Posterior shoulder dislocation
C. Clavicle fracture
D. Acromioclavicular separation
Answer: B. Posterior shoulder dislocation
Explanation: Posterior dislocation is associated with seizures and electric shock. Fixed internal rotation produces the light-bulb sign on AP X-ray.

192. Scaphoid fracture

A young adult falls on an outstretched hand and has anatomical snuffbox tenderness. Initial wrist X-ray is normal.
A. Discharge without follow-up
B. Treat as scaphoid fracture and immobilize, with repeat imaging or MRI
C. Start shoulder exercises
D. Diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome
Answer: B. Treat as scaphoid fracture and immobilize, with repeat imaging or MRI
Explanation: Occult scaphoid fractures may be missed on initial X-ray. Immobilization is needed because proximal-fragment avascular necrosis is a risk.

193. Ophthalmology: retinal detachment

A patient reports flashes of light, floaters, followed by a painless “curtain” descending across the visual field. Fundus examination shows an elevated, corrugated retina.
A. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
B. Retinal detachment
C. Optic neuritis
D. Central retinal artery occlusion
Answer: B. Retinal detachment
Explanation: Flashes, floaters, and a curtain-like visual-field defect are typical of retinal detachment and require urgent ophthalmology assessment.

194. Ophthalmology: acute angle-closure glaucoma

An elderly hypermetropic woman develops sudden severe ocular pain, headache, vomiting, halos around lights, and blurred vision. Examination reveals a red eye, steamy cornea, fixed mid-dilated pupil, and high intraocular pressure.
A. Open-angle glaucoma
B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
C. Retinal detachment
D. Bacterial conjunctivitis
Answer: B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Explanation: Acute angle closure causes abrupt painful visual loss, corneal edema, fixed mid-dilated pupil, and elevated IOP. It is an ophthalmic emergency.

195. Ophthalmology: central retinal artery occlusion

A patient develops sudden painless monocular visual loss. Fundus examination shows retinal whitening with a cherry-red spot at the macula.
A. Central retinal vein occlusion
B. Central retinal artery occlusion
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Papilledema
Answer: B. Central retinal artery occlusion
Explanation: Retinal ischemia produces a pale retina with cherry-red fovea. It is an ocular emergency and may signal embolic disease.

196. Ophthalmology: papilledema

A patient with persistent morning headache and vomiting has bilateral swollen optic discs on fundus examination. Visual acuity is initially preserved.
A. Optic neuritis
B. Papilledema due to raised intracranial pressure
C. Central retinal artery occlusion
D. Cataract
Answer: B. Papilledema due to raised intracranial pressure
Explanation: Bilateral optic-disc swelling with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure is papilledema. Neuroimaging should precede lumbar puncture if a mass lesion is possible.

197. ENT: cholesteatoma CT

A patient has chronic foul-smelling scanty ear discharge, progressive hearing loss, and attic retraction pocket. CT temporal bone shows soft tissue in the epitympanum with ossicular erosion.
A. Otosclerosis
B. Cholesteatoma
C. Acute otitis media
D. Otitis externa
Answer: B. Cholesteatoma
Explanation: Cholesteatoma can erode ossicles and mastoid bone. Foul-smelling scanty discharge and attic disease are classic clues.

198. ENT: peritonsillar abscess

A patient has severe unilateral throat pain, fever, muffled “hot-potato” voice, drooling, trismus, and deviation of the uvula to the opposite side.
A. Retropharyngeal abscess
B. Peritonsillar abscess
C. Acute epiglottitis
D. Viral pharyngitis
Answer: B. Peritonsillar abscess
Explanation: Quinsy presents with trismus, hot-potato voice, and contralateral uvular deviation due to a peritonsillar collection.

199. Anaesthesia: difficult airway imaging

A trauma patient with facial fractures requires airway intervention. Lateral neck imaging and clinical examination suggest cervical-spine instability. What is the preferred airway principle?
A. Hyperextend the neck during laryngoscopy
B. Maintain cervical-spine immobilization while securing the airway
C. Avoid oxygen administration
D. Use blind nasal intubation in all facial trauma cases
Answer: B. Maintain cervical-spine immobilization while securing the airway
Explanation: In suspected cervical-spine injury, airway management must minimize neck movement while maintaining oxygenation and ventilation.

200. Radiology: investigation of choice in pregnancy

A pregnant woman has suspected deep-vein thrombosis with unilateral leg swelling and pain. What is the preferred initial imaging test?
A. Contrast venography
B. Compression ultrasonography with Doppler
C. CT pulmonary angiography
D. Conventional X-ray of leg
Answer: B. Compression ultrasonography with Doppler
Explanation: Compression ultrasound with Doppler is the first-line imaging modality for suspected lower-limb DVT in pregnancy because it is noninvasive and avoids ionizing radiation.
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