This medical anatomical diagram illustrates the arterial blood supply territories of the human brain through color-coded mapping on axial and coronal sections. Image 'a' displays an axial section at the level of the genu of the corpus callosum, while image 'b' shows a coronal section at the level of the head of the caudate nucleus. The primary vascular territories are identified as follows: red represents the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA), supplying the superior and medial aspects; green denotes the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), covering the extensive lateral and central regions; and blue indicates the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) territory at the base and posterior aspects. Additionally, smaller vascular zones are identified, including the anterior choroidal artery (purple in 'a', light blue in 'b') and the posterior communicating artery (orange). Blue arrows highlight the border zones or watershed regions between major territories, which are clinically significant as areas highly susceptible to ischemia during hypoperfusion. This visual resource is designed for medical students and clinicians to understand neurovascular anatomy and the pathophysiology of watershed strokes.

This composite educational graphic focuses on the anatomy of the subtalar joint, featuring (a) a lateral plain-film X-ray of a human foot and (b) a corresponding anatomical diagram. The X-ray demonstrates the talus positioned superiorly and the calcaneus inferiorly, with a red arrow pinpointing the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint space. The adjacent schematic illustration further clarifies the complex articulation between the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones. In the diagram, the talocalcaneal joint is delineated by blue dots, emphasizing the posterior facet articulation. The talocalcaneonavicular joint is marked by red dashed lines, showing the ball-and-socket relationship between the talar head, the anterior calcaneal facets, and the posterior surface of the navicular bone. This visual resource is designed for orthopedic and radiological education, specifically for understanding the functional anatomy of the hindfoot and midfoot joints involved in conditions like pes planus and procedures such as subtalar arthroereisis.

Summary : This is a medical illustration showing the anatomy of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, with a stent graft in place, and the collateral arterial supply to the spinal cord. The diagram is annotated with numbered arteries and collateral pathways, referencing their anatomical names and clinical significance. illustration: # Scene Overview : • Main subject: The thoracic and abdominal aorta, with a stent graft placed in the descending thoracic aorta. • Perspective: Sagittal (side) view of the aorta and its major branches. • Composition: The aorta is centrally depicted, with collateral arteries and spinal cord shown to the right. • Colour palette: Red for arteries, grey for stent graft, black for annotation numbers and lines. # Technical Details : • Stent graft: Shown as a grey, zigzag-patterned tube within the descending thoracic aorta. • Numbered arteries: – 1: Preoperatively detected segmental artery (occluded by stent graft). – 2, 4: Intersegmental collateral arteries. – 3: Artery of Adamkiewicz. – 5, 8: Branches of the left subclavian artery. – 6, 9: Deep circumflex iliac branch of left external iliac artery. – 7: Anterior spinal artery. • Collateral pathways: Wavy lines connecting the aorta to the spinal cord, indicating alternate blood supply routes. # Spatial Relationships : • The stent graft is placed in the upper descending thoracic aorta, occluding the segmental artery (1). • Collateral arteries (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9) are shown branching from the aorta and iliac arteries, connecting to the spinal cord. • The artery of Adamkiewicz (3) and anterior spinal artery (7) are highlighted as key vessels for spinal cord perfusion. # Analysis : • The illustration emphasizes the importance of collateral circulation to the spinal cord when a segmental artery is occluded by a stent graft. • Multiple collateral pathways are depicted, suggesting redundancy in spinal cord blood supply. • The diagram is useful for understanding vascular anatomy relevant to aortic stent grafting and spinal cord protection.

This composite figure illustrates the vascular anatomy of the right adrenal gland in a mouse model, utilizing vascular corrosion casting and schematic diagrams. Panels A and B present close-up views of a vascular corrosion cast (plastination), demonstrating the 3D arterial architecture. The right adrenal gland receives its blood supply from the right inferior phrenic artery (r-IPA), which branches into three distinct vessels: the superior (SAA), middle (MAA), and inferior (IAA) adrenal arteries. The relationship between the aorta (AO), renal artery (r-RA), and the kidney is visible. Panel C provides a labeled anatomical diagram of the retroperitoneal vasculature, including the inferior vena cava (IVC), renal veins (r-RV, l-RV), celiac trunk (CT), and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Panel D details a surgical ligation and perfusion protocol, showing strategic placement of six ligatures (I-VI) and catheters to isolate the right adrenal gland for physiological study. This resource is designed for advanced biomedical research and comparative anatomy, focusing on endocrine organ microvasculature and ex vivo organ perfusion techniques.

Anatomical diagram presenting two detailed illustrations of the human talus bone, labeled (a) superior view and (b) inferior view. In the superior view, key morphological features include the head, neck, and body of the talus, highlighting the trochlea for tibial articulation and articular surfaces for the medial and lateral malleoli. Notable posterior structures such as the medial and lateral tubercles and the sulcus for the flexor hallucis longus tendon are identified. The inferior view emphasizes the complex articular surfaces for the calcaneus, including the anterior, middle, and posterior calcaneal articular surfaces, separated by the sulcus tali. Additional markers indicate the site for the navicular bone articulation, the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament attachment, and the continuation of the sulcus for the flexor hallucis longus. This clinical illustration is designed for medical students and orthopedic professionals to master the osteology of the ankle joint and its biomechanical relationships.

An anatomical diagram of a human femur bone, presented on a neutral background to illustrate common fracture sites and regional anatomy. The image identifies four primary proximal and mid-shaft regions using black labels and arrows. Starting from the proximal end, the 'Femoral neck' is indicated between the femoral head and the trochanters. Immediately distal to this is the 'Intertrochanteric' region, spanning the space between the greater and lesser trochanters. Below this lies the 'Subtrochanteric' region, representing the transition into the main body of the bone. Finally, the long, central portion is labeled as the 'Femoral shaft or diaphysis'. This illustration serves as an educational tool for medical professionals to classify orthopedic injuries, such as hip fractures or atypical femoral fractures (AFF), by precisely defining anatomical zones. The diagram emphasizes the proximal femur’s morphology, including the head, neck, and trochanteric areas, which are critical in radiology and surgical planning.

A clinical photograph of an isolated human talus bone specimen, showing the superior aspect. The bone surface appears smooth with preserved articular cartilage across the trochlea and neck regions. Two primary morphometric measurements are superimposed on the image with black double-headed arrows: Talar Length (TaL), extending vertically along the longitudinal axis from the most anterior point of the talar head to the posterior aspect; and Talar Body Width (TaW), extending horizontally across the widest mediolateral dimension of the talar body. This visual serves as an anatomical reference for orthopedic morphometry and surgical planning for ankle arthroplasty or reconstruction. The specimen is presented in a neutral, educational context, highlighting key landmarks used in cadaveric anatomical studies.

This diagnostic image is an axial computed tomography (CT) scan slice of the human foot, specifically focused on the talus for orthopedic morphometric analysis. The image demonstrates the methodology for measuring Talar Neck Width (TNW). The anatomy shown includes the talar body, the constricted talar neck, and the talar head, with surrounding midfoot structures and the calcaneus partially visible. A yellow horizontal measurement line is placed across the talar neck, extending from the medial border to the lateral border. This measurement is oriented orthogonally to the anatomical longitudinal axis of the talar neck (represented by a blue vertical reference line). A green horizontal reference line intersects the measurement plane to ensure anatomical alignment. This clinical imaging protocol is used in podiatry and orthopedic surgery for preoperative planning, fracture management (such as talar neck fractures), and anatomical studies of foot morphology.

This medical visual consists of two parts: a reference anatomical diagram and a diagnostic image. On the left, a schematic illustration of a human body shows a highlighted sagittal plane to establish anatomical orientation. On the right, a fluoroscopic X-ray image of the head and neck is presented in the sagittal view. The imaging modality is characterized by its circular field of view and dynamic grayscale contrast, typical of real-time fluoroscopy. Anatomically, the image clearly depicts the base of the skull, the facial bones including the maxilla and mandible, and the cervical spine (C1-C7). The articulated vertebrae are visible as radiopaque (lighter) structures against the darker, radiolucent air and soft tissues of the oropharynx and neck. Key landmarks include the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and the jawline. This visual is designed for educational use in teaching radiographic anatomy, specifically focusing on spinal alignment, posture, and the structural relationships within the head and neck region during clinical evaluation.

A 3D digital reconstruction of a human talus bone, generated using a laser scanner (HandySCAN 700) and analyzed within Autodesk Netfabb software. The image shows the bone specimen rendered in a solid magenta/purple color, highlighting its complex anatomical contours including the trochlea, neck, and head. The digital model is positioned on a virtual grey grid plane for spatial orientation. Orange bounding box markers and a central anchor point are visible, indicating the software's process for measuring morphometric parameters such as surface area and volume. This visualization is used in orthopedic research to compare anatomical variances and geometric profiles between matched pairs of human cadaveric ankles. The smooth rendering and artificial coloration are typical for CAD-based volumetric and surface analysis in clinical anatomy and podiatric research.