TRUE - Blood-stained mucus (bloody show) can appear in heifers and cows a few days before estrus onset.

TRUE - Uterine or utero-ovarian adhesions interfere with normal retraction of the reproductive tract.

TRUE - In open-cervix pyometra or severe vaginitis in bitches, the vaginal discharge is typically reddish-brown, yellowish, grayish, thick, creamy, and malodorous.

FALSE - Hypoplasia of ovaries is a hereditary/congenital condition, not acquired.

FALSE - Corpus luteum is typically 2-3 cm in diameter, soft/fluctuating early but becomes firmer; it does NOT have thin walls (it is a solid structure). The description better fits a follicle. (FALSE)

TRUE - In cats, ovulation is restricted to the ovulatory fossa (cats are induced ovulators with a defined ovulatory fossa).

TRUE - Bloody vaginal discharge from a pregnant cow is indicative of threatened or completed abortion.

TRUE - In rodents and dogs, the ovary is completely or nearly completely enclosed in a thin membrane (ovarian bursa).

FALSE - The surface area of the infundibulum in cows is approximately 400-500 cm², not 6-10 cm².

TRUE - The clitoral fossa and sinuses are present in the mare.

TRUE - The corpus luteum (CL) on the equine ovary cannot be palpated per rectum because it lies deep within the ovary (ovulations occur only at the ovulation fossa).

TRUE - During embryological development, the female gubernaculum develops into the round ligament of the uterus and the proper ligament of the ovary.

TRUE - Alpha-fetoprotein is a glycoprotein synthesized by the embryonic yolk sac and mediates defeminization (masculinization protection) of the hypothalamus.

FALSE - KaMaR is a pressure-sensitive mount detector (used to detect when a cow has been mounted/ridden), not specifically a pregnancy diagnosis device. It is used for estrus detection, not pregnancy diagnosis. (FALSE)

TRUE - Large luteal cells (granulosa-lutein cells) secrete both oxytocin and progesterone.

FALSE - The ovaries of the sow are mulberry-shaped (not spindle-shaped). They appear like a bunch of grapes or mulberry due to prominent follicles/corpora lutea on the surface.

TRUE - Ova of bitches are released as primary oocytes and require 24-72 hours to mature (complete meiosis) and become fertile.

TRUE - Failure of estrum (anestrus) is a symptom/sign of many conditions and is not itself a primary disease.

FALSE - Incomplete maturation of the egg with failure to expel the second polar body leads to digyny (not polygyny). Polygyny refers to multiple sperm entering or multiple paternity scenarios.

FALSE - Ovaries in the bitch are situated opposite the 3rd/4th lumbar vertebra, caudal to the kidneys - the location reference to "last rib and crest of ilium" is partially inaccurate; they are near the caudal pole of the kidneys at approximately L3-L4, which is behind the last rib but the ilium reference is off. (FALSE - the crest of ilium reference is incorrect)

TRUE - The AZ (Aschheim-Zondek) test for pregnancy diagnosis involves injection of blood or serum from the mare into immature female rabbits (or mice), detecting pregnant mare serum gonadotropin/eCG.

TRUE - Radiographic pregnancy diagnosis in bitches is done from approximately 35 days of gestation onward, as fetal skeletal mineralization becomes detectable around that time.