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Bronchiectasis
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Localized and irreversible dilation of part of the bronchial tree
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It is usually caused by necrotizing bacterial infections (such as Staphylococcus and Klebsiella) and typically involves the lower lobes.
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Diseases that may be associated with bronchiectasis:
- Cystic fibrosis
- Kartagener syndrome
- Unilateral hyperlucent lungs (Swyer-James syndrome)
- ABPA (Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis)
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Preferred imaging method → CT
- Signet ring sign
- Loss of normal bronchial tapering
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Acute Abdomen Series
| Acute Abdomen Graphics | What do we see better? | How is it performed? | Does it have a substitute? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supine Views (Scout Film) | Overall gas pattern, Calcifications, Soft tissue masses | Lying on back (supine) | No |
| Prone View | Gas in rectosigmoid, Gas in ascending and descending colon | Lying face down (prone) | Yes: Lateral view of rectum |
| Upright View of Abdomen | Air-fluid levels in bowel lumen, Free air in peritoneal cavity | Standing (or sitting) | Yes: Left lateral decubitus view |
| Upright View of Chest | Free air under diaphragm, Lung pneumonia, Pleural effusion, Pancreatitis, Subphrenic abscess | Standing (or sitting) | Yes: Supine view of chest |
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| Large Intestine | Small Intestine | |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Surrounds the abdominal contents peripherally (except in the Right Upper Quadrant, which is occupied by the liver) | Located in the center of the abdomen |
| Markings | Haustral marking - Extends from one wall of the large intestine to the other wall but does NOT cross completely. The spacing between them is wide. | Valvulae marking - Extends across the entire width of the small intestine from one wall to the other. The spacing between them is close together. |
| Dilation | Can dilate to several times the size of the small intestine | Maximum diameter when dilated is approximately 5 cm |
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