mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/neet-mcq && ls /tmp/workspace/neet-mcq/

cat << 'PYEOF' > /tmp/workspace/neet-mcq/generate_pdf.py from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, KeepTogether from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/tmp/workspace/neet-mcq/Breathing_Exchange_Gases_30_MCQs.pdf", pagesize=A4, rightMargin=2*cm, leftMargin=2*cm, topMargin=2*cm, bottomMargin=2*cm ) styles = getSampleStyleSheet() # Custom styles title_style = ParagraphStyle( 'TitleStyle', parent=styles['Title'], fontSize=18, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceAfter=6, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold' ) subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle( 'SubtitleStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#37474f'), spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica' ) chapter_style = ParagraphStyle( 'ChapterStyle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#e65100'), spaceAfter=12, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-BoldOblique' ) q_num_style = ParagraphStyle( 'QNum', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=2 ) question_style = ParagraphStyle( 'Question', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a1a1a'), fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=0, spaceAfter=4, leading=14 ) option_style = ParagraphStyle( 'Option', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#333333'), fontName='Helvetica', leftIndent=12, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1, leading=13 ) answer_style = ParagraphStyle( 'Answer', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2e7d32'), fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=3, spaceAfter=1, leftIndent=12 ) hint_style = ParagraphStyle( 'Hint', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9, textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'), fontName='Helvetica-Oblique', leftIndent=12, spaceAfter=8, leading=12 ) section_style = ParagraphStyle( 'Section', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=12, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=0 ) table_header_style = ParagraphStyle( 'TableHeader', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=6 ) mcqs = [ { "section": "Respiratory Organs & Structure", "questions": [ { "num": 1, "q": "Which of the following is NOT a part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?", "opts": ["A) Trachea", "B) Terminal bronchioles", "C) Alveoli", "D) Nasopharynx"], "ans": "C) Alveoli", "hint": "Alveoli are sites of gas exchange — part of the respiratory zone, not conducting zone." }, { "num": 2, "q": "Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?", "opts": ["A) Uvula", "B) Epiglottis", "C) Glottis", "D) Vocal cords"], "ans": "B) Epiglottis", "hint": "The epiglottis folds over the glottis during swallowing to direct food to the oesophagus." }, { "num": 3, "q": "The membrane lining the lungs and chest wall is called:", "opts": ["A) Pericardium", "B) Peritoneum", "C) Pleura", "D) Meninges"], "ans": "C) Pleura", "hint": "Pleural fluid between visceral and parietal pleura reduces friction during breathing." }, { "num": 4, "q": "Which cells secrete surfactant in the alveoli?", "opts": ["A) Type I pneumocytes", "B) Type II pneumocytes", "C) Clara cells", "D) Goblet cells"], "ans": "B) Type II pneumocytes", "hint": "Surfactant (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse." }, { "num": 5, "q": "The respiratory membrane across which gas exchange occurs consists of:", "opts": ["A) Alveolar epithelium only", "B) Capillary endothelium only", "C) Alveolar epithelium + basement membranes + capillary endothelium", "D) Alveolar epithelium + surfactant layer only"], "ans": "C) Alveolar epithelium + basement membranes + capillary endothelium", "hint": "Total thickness ~0.5 µm, allowing rapid diffusion of gases." }, ] }, { "section": "Lung Volumes & Capacities", "questions": [ { "num": 6, "q": "The total lung capacity in a normal adult is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 3500 mL", "B) 4800 mL", "C) 6000 mL", "D) 5800 mL"], "ans": "C) 6000 mL", "hint": "TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV = 500 + 3000 + 1100 + 1200 = ~6000 mL" }, { "num": 7, "q": "Tidal Volume (TV) in a normal healthy adult at rest is:", "opts": ["A) 1000 mL", "B) 1500 mL", "C) 500 mL", "D) 3500 mL"], "ans": "C) 500 mL", "hint": "TV = volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath." }, { "num": 8, "q": "The Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 1100 mL", "B) 2500 mL", "C) 3000 mL", "D) 500 mL"], "ans": "C) 3000 mL", "hint": "IRV = additional volume inspired forcefully after normal inspiration." }, { "num": 9, "q": "Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 500 mL", "B) 1000 mL", "C) 1100 mL", "D) 1500 mL"], "ans": "C) 1100 mL", "hint": "ERV = additional volume forcefully expired after normal expiration." }, { "num": 10, "q": "Residual Volume (RV) is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 500 mL", "B) 1100 mL", "C) 1200 mL", "D) 2300 mL"], "ans": "C) 1200 mL", "hint": "RV = volume remaining in lungs after maximum forced expiration." }, { "num": 11, "q": "Vital Capacity (VC) is equal to:", "opts": ["A) TV + IRV", "B) TV + IRV + ERV", "C) TV + ERV + RV", "D) IRV + ERV + RV"], "ans": "B) TV + IRV + ERV", "hint": "VC = maximum volume exhaled after maximum inspiration = ~4600 mL." }, { "num": 12, "q": "Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) equals:", "opts": ["A) TV + IRV", "B) ERV + RV", "C) TV + ERV", "D) RV + TV"], "ans": "B) ERV + RV", "hint": "FRC = volume remaining after normal expiration ≈ 2300 mL." }, { "num": 13, "q": "Inspiratory Capacity (IC) equals:", "opts": ["A) TV + IRV", "B) TV + ERV", "C) IRV + ERV", "D) TV + RV"], "ans": "A) TV + IRV", "hint": "IC = maximum volume inspired from end-expiratory position ≈ 3500 mL." }, ] }, { "section": "Gas Exchange & Partial Pressures", "questions": [ { "num": 14, "q": "The partial pressure of O\u2082 (pO\u2082) in alveoli is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 40 mmHg", "B) 104 mmHg", "C) 159 mmHg", "D) 95 mmHg"], "ans": "B) 104 mmHg", "hint": "Alveolar pO2 ≈ 104 mmHg; atmospheric pO2 ≈ 159 mmHg." }, { "num": 15, "q": "The partial pressure of CO\u2082 (pCO\u2082) in deoxygenated blood returning to lungs is:", "opts": ["A) 35 mmHg", "B) 40 mmHg", "C) 45 mmHg", "D) 104 mmHg"], "ans": "C) 45 mmHg", "hint": "Venous blood pCO2 ≈ 45 mmHg; alveolar pCO2 ≈ 40 mmHg — drives CO2 outward." }, { "num": 16, "q": "Which gas has the highest diffusion capacity in the lungs?", "opts": ["A) O\u2082", "B) N\u2082", "C) CO\u2082", "D) CO"], "ans": "C) CO\u2082", "hint": "CO2 diffuses ~20-25 times faster than O2 due to higher solubility." }, { "num": 17, "q": "At the tissue level, O\u2082 moves from blood to cells because:", "opts": ["A) pO\u2082 of blood > pO\u2082 of tissues", "B) pO\u2082 of tissues > pO\u2082 of blood", "C) pCO\u2082 of blood > pCO\u2082 of tissues", "D) Haemoglobin actively pumps O\u2082"], "ans": "A) pO\u2082 of blood > pO\u2082 of tissues", "hint": "Tissue pO2 ≈ 40 mmHg; oxygenated blood pO2 ≈ 95 mmHg — diffusion drives O2 into cells." }, { "num": 18, "q": "The normal pO\u2082 in oxygenated blood (pulmonary veins) is approximately:", "opts": ["A) 40 mmHg", "B) 104 mmHg", "C) 95 mmHg", "D) 159 mmHg"], "ans": "C) 95 mmHg", "hint": "Slight drop from alveolar 104 mmHg due to mixing with bronchial venous blood." }, ] }, { "section": "Transport of Gases", "questions": [ { "num": 19, "q": "Most of the CO\u2082 (about 70%) is transported in blood as:", "opts": ["A) Dissolved in plasma", "B) Carbaminohaemoglobin", "C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO\u2083\u207b)", "D) Carboxyhaemoglobin"], "ans": "C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO\u2083\u207b)", "hint": "~70% as HCO3-, ~20-25% as carbaminohaemoglobin, ~7% dissolved in plasma." }, { "num": 20, "q": "Oxygen is transported in blood primarily as:", "opts": ["A) Dissolved in plasma", "B) Bound to plasma proteins", "C) Oxyhaemoglobin", "D) Bicarbonate"], "ans": "C) Oxyhaemoglobin", "hint": "~97% O2 transported as oxyhaemoglobin; ~3% dissolved in plasma." }, { "num": 21, "q": "The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found in:", "opts": ["A) Plasma", "B) RBCs", "C) Platelets", "D) Lung epithelium"], "ans": "B) RBCs", "hint": "Carbonic anhydrase in RBCs catalyzes: CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3-" }, { "num": 22, "q": "The chloride shift (Hamburger phenomenon) involves:", "opts": ["A) HCO\u2083\u207b moving out of RBCs in exchange for Cl\u207b moving in", "B) Cl\u207b moving out of RBCs", "C) O\u2082 and Cl\u207b exchange", "D) Na\u207a/K\u207a exchange across RBC membrane"], "ans": "A) HCO\u2083\u207b moving out of RBCs in exchange for Cl\u207b moving in", "hint": "Maintains electrical neutrality as bicarbonate is exported to plasma at tissue level." }, { "num": 23, "q": "Which of the following is true regarding CO\u2082 transport as carbaminohaemoglobin?", "opts": ["A) CO\u2082 binds to the haem (iron) group of Hb", "B) CO\u2082 binds to the globin (amino) groups of Hb", "C) It accounts for ~70% of CO\u2082 transport", "D) Carbaminohaemoglobin formation increases in lungs"], "ans": "B) CO\u2082 binds to the globin (amino) groups of Hb", "hint": "CO2 + Hb-NH2 → Hb-NHCOO- + H+; forms at tissues, releases CO2 in lungs." }, ] }, { "section": "Oxygen-Haemoglobin Dissociation", "questions": [ { "num": 24, "q": "The Bohr effect refers to:", "opts": ["A) Increased O\u2082 affinity with rising CO\u2082", "B) Decreased O\u2082 affinity of Hb with rising CO\u2082 and H\u207a", "C) Shift of oxygen dissociation curve to the left", "D) Increased CO\u2082 binding at low pH"], "ans": "B) Decreased O\u2082 affinity of Hb with rising CO\u2082 and H\u207a", "hint": "Higher CO2/H+ shifts ODC rightward, facilitating O2 unloading at tissues." }, { "num": 25, "q": "In the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve, a rightward shift is caused by:", "opts": ["A) Decreased CO\u2082, increased pH", "B) Increased CO\u2082, decreased pH, increased temperature", "C) Decreased temperature", "D) Increased pH"], "ans": "B) Increased CO\u2082, decreased pH, increased temperature", "hint": "These reduce Hb affinity for O2, facilitating release at metabolically active tissues." }, { "num": 26, "q": "Hypoxia due to reduced O\u2082-carrying capacity of blood (e.g., in anaemia) is called:", "opts": ["A) Hypoxic hypoxia", "B) Stagnant hypoxia", "C) Anaemic hypoxia", "D) Histotoxic hypoxia"], "ans": "C) Anaemic hypoxia", "hint": "Reduced Hb or defective Hb impairs O2 transport despite normal pO2." }, ] }, { "section": "Regulation of Breathing", "questions": [ { "num": 27, "q": "Pneumotaxic centre is located in the:", "opts": ["A) Medulla oblongata", "B) Hypothalamus", "C) Pons", "D) Cerebellum"], "ans": "C) Pons", "hint": "Pneumotaxic centre (dorsal pons) moderates the apneustic centre and controls breathing rate." }, { "num": 28, "q": "The primary respiratory centre that generates the basic rhythm of breathing is:", "opts": ["A) Pneumotaxic centre", "B) Apneustic centre", "C) Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) in medulla", "D) Carotid body"], "ans": "C) Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) in medulla", "hint": "The DRG in medulla oblongata generates the basic inspiratory rhythm." }, { "num": 29, "q": "Which chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in CO\u2082 and H\u207a in CSF?", "opts": ["A) Peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid/aortic bodies)", "B) Central chemoreceptors in medulla", "C) Stretch receptors in lungs", "D) Baroreceptors in aorta"], "ans": "B) Central chemoreceptors in medulla", "hint": "Central chemoreceptors respond primarily to CO2-driven pH changes in cerebrospinal fluid." }, { "num": 30, "q": "During normal quiet inspiration, which muscle is primarily responsible?", "opts": ["A) External intercostals", "B) Internal intercostals", "C) Diaphragm", "D) Sternocleidomastoid"], "ans": "C) Diaphragm", "hint": "The diaphragm contracts and flattens during quiet inspiration, increasing thoracic volume." }, ] }, ] # Build story story = [] # Header box header_data = [[ Paragraph("NEET BIOLOGY — CLASS 11", ParagraphStyle('hdr', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=13, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER)), ]] header_table = Table(header_data, colWidths=[17*cm]) header_table.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor('#1a237e')), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 10), ('ROUNDEDCORNERS', [6,6,6,6]), ])) story.append(header_table) story.append(Spacer(1, 8)) story.append(Paragraph("Breathing and Exchange of Gases", title_style)) story.append(Paragraph("30 NEET-Level Multiple Choice Questions", subtitle_style)) story.append(Paragraph("Chapter 17 | NCERT Biology Class 11", chapter_style)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceAfter=12)) # Quick reference table story.append(Paragraph("Quick Reference: Lung Volumes & Capacities", table_header_style)) table_data = [ ["Volume / Capacity", "Formula", "Value"], ["Tidal Volume (TV)", "—", "500 mL"], ["Inspiratory Reserve Vol. (IRV)", "—", "3000 mL"], ["Expiratory Reserve Vol. (ERV)", "—", "1100 mL"], ["Residual Volume (RV)", "—", "1200 mL"], ["Vital Capacity (VC)", "TV + IRV + ERV", "4600 mL"], ["Inspiratory Capacity (IC)", "TV + IRV", "3500 mL"], ["Functional Residual Cap. (FRC)", "ERV + RV", "2300 mL"], ["Total Lung Capacity (TLC)", "VC + RV", "~6000 mL"], ] t = Table(table_data, colWidths=[7.5*cm, 4.5*cm, 5*cm]) t.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.HexColor('#1a237e')), ('TEXTCOLOR', (0,0), (-1,0), colors.white), ('FONTNAME', (0,0), (-1,0), 'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE', (0,0), (-1,-1), 9), ('ALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'CENTER'), ('VALIGN', (0,0), (-1,-1), 'MIDDLE'), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS', (0,1), (-1,-1), [colors.HexColor('#e8eaf6'), colors.white]), ('GRID', (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, colors.HexColor('#9fa8da')), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 5), ])) story.append(t) story.append(Spacer(1, 16)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=colors.HexColor('#9fa8da'), spaceAfter=12)) # Section colors section_colors = [ '#1565c0', '#2e7d32', '#6a1b9a', '#c62828', '#e65100', '#00695c' ] q_counter = 0 for s_idx, section in enumerate(mcqs): # Section header sec_color = section_colors[s_idx % len(section_colors)] sec_data = [[Paragraph(section["section"], ParagraphStyle('sh', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=11, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', alignment=TA_CENTER))]] sec_table = Table(sec_data, colWidths=[17*cm]) sec_table.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor(sec_color)), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) story.append(KeepTogether([sec_table, Spacer(1, 8)])) for q in section["questions"]: q_counter += 1 elems = [] elems.append(Paragraph(f"Q{q['num']}. {q['q']}", question_style)) for opt in q['opts']: elems.append(Paragraph(opt, option_style)) elems.append(Paragraph(f"✔ Answer: {q['ans']}", answer_style)) elems.append(Paragraph(f"Hint: {q['hint']}", hint_style)) elems.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=colors.HexColor('#e0e0e0'), spaceAfter=4)) story.append(KeepTogether(elems)) # Footer note story.append(Spacer(1, 10)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1.5, color=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=6)) footer_data = [[ Paragraph("All questions based on NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 17 | Prepared for NEET preparation", ParagraphStyle('footer', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#37474f'), fontName='Helvetica-Oblique', alignment=TA_CENTER)) ]] footer_table = Table(footer_data, colWidths=[17*cm]) footer_table.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND', (0,0), (-1,-1), colors.HexColor('#e8eaf6')), ('TOPPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ('BOTTOMPADDING', (0,0), (-1,-1), 6), ])) story.append(footer_table) doc.build(story) print("PDF generated successfully!") PYEOF python3 /tmp/workspace/neet-mcq/generate_pdf.py