Radio fm psychiatry anaesthesia and peds pyt list
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Now I have enough to give a solid, comprehensive PYT (Previous Year Topics) list for Psychiatry, Anaesthesia, and Paediatrics for FMGE/NEET PG. "Radio FM" refers to Radiology + Forensic Medicine as the short subjects in the same category. Let me now compile everything from my knowledge + retrieved data.
Radio FM Group - PYT List: Psychiatry, Anaesthesia & Paediatrics
Context: "Radio FM" = Radiology + Forensic Medicine - the short/allied subjects in FMGE & NEET PG. Psychiatry (5 marks), Anaesthesia (5 marks), and Paediatrics (15 marks) fall in the same high-yield short-subject group. These subjects together carry ~25-30% of clinical marks with relatively low study load - maximum ROI for exam prep.
🧠 PSYCHIATRY (5 marks in FMGE | ~4-6 Qs in NEET PG)
High-Yield PYT Topics:
| # | Topic | Key Points to Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Schizophrenia | First-rank (Schneiderian) symptoms, subtypes, dopamine hypothesis, drugs (haloperidol, clozapine - agranulocytosis) |
| 2 | Depression | Diagnostic criteria (DSM-5: 5/9 for 2 weeks), Hamilton scale, drugs (SSRIs 1st line), ECT indications |
| 3 | Bipolar Disorder | Mood stabilizers: Lithium (therapeutic index, toxicity, monitoring), valproate, carbamazepine |
| 4 | Suicide risk assessment | SAD PERSONS scale, most common method, age/sex patterns |
| 5 | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | Ego-dystonic, serotonin hypothesis, fluoxetine/clomipramine, CBT |
| 6 | Anxiety disorders | GAD, panic disorder (drug of choice), phobias, PTSD - treatment differences |
| 7 | Substance abuse & dependence | ICD criteria, alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens - benzodiazepines), opioid withdrawal (clonidine, methadone), CAGE questionnaire |
| 8 | Defence mechanisms | Mature vs. immature: projection, denial, sublimation, rationalization |
| 9 | Antipsychotic drugs | Typical vs atypical, EPS (acute dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia), NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome - treatment: dantrolene + bromocriptine) |
| 10 | Personality disorders | Cluster A/B/C: borderline, antisocial, narcissistic features |
| 11 | Eating disorders | Anorexia nervosa vs bulimia - diagnostic criteria, electrolyte disturbances, Russell's sign |
| 12 | Delirium vs Dementia | Key differentiators (consciousness, onset, reversibility); Alzheimer's - cholinesterase inhibitors |
| 13 | Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | Indications (severe depression, catatonia), absolute contraindications, modified ECT |
| 14 | ICD-10 vs DSM-5 | Know which criteria are used for which conditions |
| 15 | ADHD | Methylphenidate, atomoxetine; diagnosis criteria |
💉 ANAESTHESIA (5 marks in FMGE | ~4-6 Qs in NEET PG)
High-Yield PYT Topics:
| # | Topic | Key Points to Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Airway management | Mallampati classification (I-IV), intubation grades (Cormack-Lehane), difficult airway algorithm, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) |
| 2 | Inhalational agents | MAC concept, halothane (hepatotoxicity, cardiac sensitization), isoflurane, sevoflurane (safest in renal disease), desflurane, N2O (contraindications) |
| 3 | IV induction agents | Thiopentone (barbiturate - contraindicated in porphyria), propofol (TIVA, egg allergy), ketamine (dissociative - contraindicated in hypertension/ICP), etomidate (adrenal suppression) |
| 4 | Muscle relaxants | Succinylcholine (depolarizing - pseudocholinesterase, hyperkalemia risk, malignant hyperthermia), non-depolarizing (vecuronium, rocuronium - reversed by neostigmine/sugammadex) |
| 5 | Spinal anaesthesia | Levels: L3-L4 / L4-L5, hyperbaric vs isobaric, complications (post-dural puncture headache, total spinal), contraindications |
| 6 | Epidural anaesthesia | Differences from spinal, uses in labour, test dose, complications |
| 7 | Local anaesthetics | Lignocaine (max dose with/without adrenaline), bupivacaine (cardiotoxicity), LAST (local anaesthetic systemic toxicity) - treatment with lipid emulsion |
| 8 | Malignant hyperthermia | Trigger agents (succinylcholine + volatile agents), ryanodine receptor mutation, treatment: dantrolene |
| 9 | CPR / BLS / ACLS | Compression:ventilation ratio (30:2), drugs in cardiac arrest (adrenaline 1mg q3-5min, amiodarone for shockable), shockable vs non-shockable rhythms |
| 10 | Monitoring | ASA standards, pulse oximetry, capnography (gold standard for ETT confirmation), BIS (depth of anaesthesia) |
| 11 | Pre-operative assessment | ASA classification (I-VI), fasting guidelines (2-4-6 rule), cardiac risk (Goldman index) |
| 12 | Regional blocks | Brachial plexus approaches (interscalene, axillary), femoral nerve block, TAP block |
| 13 | Opioids in anaesthesia | Morphine, fentanyl, remifentanil; opioid-induced respiratory depression - naloxone |
| 14 | Complications | Awareness under anaesthesia, PONV (post-op nausea/vomiting - ondansetron), pneumothorax, bronchospasm |
| 15 | Paediatric anaesthesia | Size-based ETT (age/4 + 4), higher oxygen consumption, temperature regulation |
👶 PAEDIATRICS (15 marks FMGE | ~12-15 Qs NEET PG)
High-Yield PYT Topics:
| # | Topic | Key Points to Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Development milestones | Social smile (6 wks), head holding (3 mo), sits without support (6 mo), pincer grasp (9 mo), walks alone (12-15 mo), 2-word sentences (2 yr) |
| 2 | Vaccination / Immunization | IAP/UIP schedule 2025: BCG (birth), OPV/IPV, DTP, Hep B, PCV, Rotavirus, MMR (9 mo + 15 mo), JE; cold chain |
| 3 | Neonatology | APGAR score (5 components, timing), neonatal jaundice (phototherapy/exchange thresholds), RDS (surfactant deficiency, lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio), NEC, TTN |
| 4 | Malnutrition (PEM) | Marasmus vs Kwashiorkor (distinguishing features), SAM criteria (MUAC <11.5 cm, WHZ <-3), F-75/F-100 feeds, 10 steps of WHO management |
| 5 | Diarrhea & ORS | WHO ORS composition, Plan A/B/C for dehydration, zinc supplementation (10-14 days), rotavirus |
| 6 | Respiratory infections | Pneumonia classification (WHO) - age-based breathing rates, IMCI approach, bronchiolitis (RSV), croup (steeple sign vs thumbprint sign for epiglottitis) |
| 7 | Congenital heart disease | Cyanotic (TF, TGA, TAPVC, TA) vs Acyanotic (VSD, ASD, PDA, PS); murmur characteristics, management |
| 8 | Febrile seizures | Simple vs complex, management, risk of recurrence, prophylaxis indications |
| 9 | Meningitis in children | Age-based causative organisms (neonatal: GBS, E. coli; older: N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae), CSF findings, empiric antibiotics |
| 10 | Nephrotic syndrome | Minimal change disease (children), steroid response, complications (infections, thrombosis), cyclophosphamide for resistant |
| 11 | Hemolytic diseases | G6PD deficiency, sickle cell (HbS), thalassemia - lab findings, triggers, treatment |
| 12 | Childhood infections | Measles (Koplik spots, complications - encephalitis, SSPE), mumps, rubella, varicella (Reye's syndrome risk with aspirin), pertussis (whooping cough stages) |
| 13 | Intussusception | Peak age (6-18 months), dance sign / sausage mass, currant jelly stools, barium/air enema |
| 14 | Vitamin deficiencies | Vit D (rickets - rachitic rosary, Harrison's groove, Looser zones), Vit A (xerophthalmia, Bitot's spots), Vit C (scurvy - subperiosteal hemorrhage) |
| 15 | Neonatal sepsis | Early (<72 hrs) vs late, GBS prophylaxis, empiric ampicillin + gentamicin |
| 16 | Kawasaki disease | Criteria (fever 5 days + 4 of 5 features), coronary artery aneurysms, IVIG + aspirin |
| 17 | Growth assessment | Weight for age, height for age, WHO growth charts, head circumference norms |
| 18 | Metabolic disorders | Phenylketonuria (PKU - Guthrie test, phenylalanine-restricted diet), hypothyroidism (neonatal screening), galactosemia |
| 19 | ADHD / Autism | Diagnostic criteria, methylphenidate, behavioral therapy |
| 20 | Shock in children | Recognition (tachycardia, capillary refill >2 sec, cool peripheries), fluid bolus 20 ml/kg NS, PALS algorithm |
Quick Revision Tips for Radio FM Group
For Psychiatry:
- Learn drug-condition pairings cold (lithium = bipolar, clozapine = refractory schizophrenia, fluoxetine = OCD/depression)
- NMS vs Serotonin Syndrome comparison is a repeat favourite
For Anaesthesia:
- Malignant hyperthermia + dantrolene is asked every few years
- Know the 2-4-6 fasting rule and Mallampati grades
- Succinylcholine contraindications (burns >48h, denervation, hyperkalemia)
For Paediatrics:
- Developmental milestones table - memorize it; appears in almost every exam
- Vaccination schedule - use IAP 2025; PCV, Rotavirus, HPV additions
- WHO malnutrition management 10 steps is high-yield
Note: "Radio FM" in Indian NEET PG/FMGE parlance refers to Radiology + Forensic Medicine - two other short subjects in the same study group. If you need the PYT list for Radiology and Forensic Medicine as well, just ask!
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Radiology high yield topics PYT FMGE NEET PG 2024 2025 previous year questions
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Here's the complete PYT list for Radiology and Forensic Medicine (FM) - the "Radio FM" duo!
📡 RADIOLOGY (Radio) - PYT List
Weightage: 5 marks FMGE | ~4-6 Qs NEET PG | Up to 12 Qs INI-CET
| # | Topic | Key Points to Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Classic Radiological Signs | Must memorize these - they appear every exam: |
| - Bat wing / Butterfly - pulmonary oedema | ||
| - Double bubble sign - duodenal atresia | ||
| - Thumb sign (lateral neck X-ray) - epiglottitis | ||
| - Steeple sign (AP neck X-ray) - croup | ||
| - String sign of Kantor - Crohn's disease | ||
| - Sail sign - thymus (normal in children) | ||
| - Westermark sign + Hampton hump - pulmonary embolism | ||
| - Air crescent sign - aspergilloma | ||
| - Egg-on-side / egg-shaped heart - TGA | ||
| - Boot-shaped heart (Coeur en sabot) - Tetralogy of Fallot | ||
| - Snowman / Figure-of-8 - TAPVC | ||
| - Dense triangle sign / Delta sign - cerebral venous thrombosis | ||
| - Sunray spicules / Codman's triangle - osteosarcoma | ||
| - Onion peel periosteal reaction - Ewing's sarcoma | ||
| - Ground-glass opacity (GGO) - COVID-19, ILD, PCP | ||
| 2 | Chest X-Ray Basics | Consolidation vs collapse (mediastinal shift direction), pleural effusion (blunting costophrenic angle, meniscus sign), cardiomegaly (CTR >0.5), TB patterns (upper lobe, cavitation, miliary) |
| 3 | CT Scan | Brain hemorrhage types: epidural (biconvex/lenticular), subdural (crescent), subarachnoid (star-shaped in basal cisterns); COVID-19 HRCT severity scoring; infarct vs hemorrhage |
| 4 | MRI sequences | T1 - anatomy, fat bright; T2 - fluid bright (CSF bright); FLAIR - suppresses CSF, shows periventricular lesions (MS); DWI - acute ischemic stroke (bright on DWI, dark on ADC) |
| 5 | Best investigation (most repeated format) | PE - CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA); aortic dissection - CT aortography; appendicitis - USG (1st), CT (gold standard); cholesterol gallstones - USG; renal calculi - NCCT KUB |
| 6 | Contrast media | Iodinated (CT, angiography); Gadolinium (MRI); Barium (GI tract - NOT if perforation suspected, use gastrografin); side effects - anaphylaxis, contrast nephropathy (prevent with hydration + N-acetylcysteine) |
| 7 | Radiation basics | ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable); most radiosensitive tissues: gonads, lymphoid, bone marrow, intestinal epithelium; least sensitive: muscle, nerve, bone; SI unit of dose = Gray (Gy); dose equivalent = Sievert (Sv) |
| 8 | Ultrasound | Best for: liver, gallbladder, kidney, thyroid, pregnancy (obstetric); Doppler for vascular assessment; no radiation risk; fetal wellbeing - BPP |
| 9 | Interventional radiology | ERCP (biliary); PTCA (coronary); embolization (AVM, GI bleed); TIPS (portal hypertension); IVC filter (PE prevention) |
| 10 | Pediatric radiology | Double bubble - duodenal atresia; soap bubble appearance - Hirschsprung's (meconium ileus); "ground glass" neonatal RDS on CXR; coil spring / target sign on USG - intussusception |
| 11 | Bone radiology | Moth-eaten appearance - myeloma; ivory vertebra - Paget's disease / lymphoma; rugger jersey spine - renal osteodystrophy; "bone in bone" - osteopetrosis |
| 12 | Nuclear medicine | MIBI scan - parathyroid adenoma; Tc-99m bone scan - metastases; I-131 - thyroid cancer treatment / diagnostic; PET scan (FDG) - cancer staging (most sensitive) |
| 13 | Mammography | Gold standard for breast cancer screening; BIRADS classification (0-6); microcalcifications - malignancy marker |
| 14 | GI radiology | Bird beak / rat tail - achalasia cardia; apple core / rat bite - colonic carcinoma; string sign of Kantor - Crohn's; lead pipe colon - ulcerative colitis; cobblestone mucosa - Crohn's |
| 15 | Radiation therapy basics | Unit = Gray; fractionation; radiosensitive tumours: seminoma, lymphoma, Ewing's; radioresistant: glioblastoma, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma |
🔬 FORENSIC MEDICINE (FM) - PYT List
Weightage: 10 marks FMGE | ~8-10 Qs NEET PG | ~10-12 Qs INI-CET
| # | Topic | Key Points to Know |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Postmortem changes | - Algor mortis: body cooling ~1°C/hr (first 6 hrs); formula: 37 - rectal temp / 0.83 = hours since death |
| - Rigor mortis: starts 2-6 hrs, complete 12 hrs, disappears 24-48 hrs; cadaveric spasm vs rigor | ||
| - Livor mortis (hypostasis): starts 30 min-2 hrs, fixed by 6-12 hrs; colour changes in CO poisoning (cherry red), cyanide (brick red) | ||
| - Putrefaction: starts 24-48 hrs abdomen; green discolouration right iliac fossa first | ||
| - Mummification vs adipocere vs skeletonization | ||
| 2 | Wounds / Injuries | Abrasion (no deep tissue), contusion (bruise - vital reaction), incised wound (sharp, clean), laceration (blunt, irregular), stab wound (depth > width); antemortem vs postmortem injuries |
| 3 | Asphyxial deaths | Hanging vs strangulation: furrow position (above vs at thyroid), ligature mark, PM hyoid fracture (strangulation); smothering, choking, drowning (diatom test), traumatic asphyxia |
| 4 | Firearm injuries | Entry vs exit wound; contact, near-contact, intermediate, distant range; blackening/tattooing/scorching; rifled vs smooth-bore weapons; direction of fire |
| 5 | Identification | Age estimation: teeth (eruption charts), X-ray (epiphyseal fusion), skull sutures; sex determination: pelvis (most reliable), skull; race by skull; fingerprints (dactylography) - loops (most common), whorls, arches; DNA profiling (most accurate) |
| 6 | Toxicology | - Organophosphate: SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI distress, emesis), miosis; treatment: atropine + pralidoxime (within 24-48 hrs) |
| - Alcohol: legal driving limit 30 mg/100 mL blood (India 80 mg in some states); denatured = methanol (treat with ethanol/fomepizole, folic acid); Widmark's formula | ||
| - CO poisoning: cherry red livor, headache, confusion; treatment: 100% O2 / hyperbaric O2 | ||
| - Cyanide: bitter almond smell, brick red; treatment: hydroxocobalamin, dicobalt edetate, amyl nitrite | ||
| - Acid/alkali: corrosives - immediate pain, staining; arsenic (chronic) - Mees' lines, rain drop pigmentation | ||
| - Snake bite: elapid (neurotoxic - ptosis, paralysis) vs viper (haemotoxic - local swelling, coagulopathy) | ||
| 7 | Medical jurisprudence | Consent types: informed, implied, surrogate; age of consent (12 yrs POCSO, 18 yrs medical procedures); negligence: duty, defalcation, damage (3 Ds / Bolam test); therapeutic privilege |
| 8 | IPC sections (must know) | Sec 302 - murder; Sec 304A - death by negligence; Sec 319/320 - hurt/grievous hurt; Sec 375 - rape; Sec 376 - punishment for rape; Sec 84 - McNaughten rule (insanity defence) |
| 9 | Sexual offences | Rape (Sec 375 IPC / POCSO): examination within 72 hrs; hymen - not proof of virginity; signs of recent/old rape; Locard's exchange principle; semen detection: Florence test (choline crystals), Barberio (spermin crystals), UV fluorescence, PSA (most specific) |
| 10 | Hanging | Typical (centre of knot at nape) vs atypical; incomplete hanging = sufficient; PM findings: furrow above thyroid cartilage, eccentric, pale furrow, dribbling of saliva; death by vagal inhibition or asphyxia |
| 11 | Drowning | Wet vs dry drowning; freshwater (hypotonic - RBC swell, haemolysis) vs saltwater (hypertonic - pulmonary oedema); diatom test (hydrothorax fluid) - gold standard for antemortem drowning |
| 12 | Decomposition & special changes | Adipocere (saponification - wet + warm + anaerobic); mummification (hot + dry + moving air); cadaveric decomposition island; peach blossom putrefaction colour |
| 13 | Forensic psychiatry | McNaughten rules (1843): didn't know nature of act OR didn't know it was wrong = not guilty by reason of insanity; irresistible impulse not covered; testamentary capacity; Durham rule; fitness to plead |
| 14 | Infanticide & child death | Hydrostatic test (lung floatation) - breathing vs stillbirth; Breslau's second life test (stomach/intestine); virtual autopsy; Spalding's sign (overlapping skull bones - macerated stillbirth) |
| 15 | MLC (Medico-Legal Cases) | Mandatory MLCs: road accidents, sexual assault, industrial accidents, unknown causes; duty of doctor (cannot refuse emergency treatment); preservation of evidence |
⚡ Radio FM Quick Revision Summary
| Subject | Marks | Top 3 Repeat Topics |
|---|---|---|
| Radiology | 5 (FMGE) | Radiological signs, Best investigation for condition, MRI sequences |
| Forensic Medicine | 10 (FMGE) | Postmortem changes (timeline), Toxicology (OP/CO/Cyanide), IPC sections |
Tip for FM: Questions are very direct and factual - memorize numbers and timeframes (rigor mortis 12 hrs, livor mortis fixed at 6-12 hrs, putrefaction starts 24-48 hrs). These come verbatim in exams.
Tip for Radiology: Radiological signs come as image-based questions. Practice recognizing the 15-20 classic signs visually. The "best investigation for X condition" format is extremely common.
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