This clinical photograph captures an intraoperative procedure demonstrating the manual separation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) from a concentrated red blood cell (RBC) clot. The PRF component is visualized as a yellowish-white, translucent, gelatinous fibrin matrix, which is held securely by metallic atraumatic tweezers. Positioned immediately below it is the dense, dark-red erythrocyte-rich clot. A sharp metallic surgical blade is shown performing the excision at the junction of the two layers to isolate the PRF for clinical use. This process follows a standardized centrifugation protocol of autologous venous blood, typically used in regenerative medicine for applications such as sinus augmentation, implant dentistry, or wound healing. The visual highlights the distinct textural and color differences between the concentrated leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin and the remaining hematoma components, emphasizing the precision required for autologous graft preparation.

This clinical photograph panel illustrates the sequential clinical and laboratory steps for isolating Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) for regenerative medicine. Panel A shows venous blood harvesting using a butterfly needle and tourniquet. Panel B displays a collected whole blood sample in a silica-coated glass tube. Panel C depicts the centrifugation process in a laboratory centrifuge (Hettich EBA-200), essential for component separation without anticoagulants. Panel D shows the post-centrifugation blood tube demonstrating distinct stratification: an upper layer of acellular plasma, a concentrated L-PRF clot in the middle, and packed red blood cells at the bottom. Panel E captures the manual isolation of the dense, yellowish L-PRF clot using sterile forceps. Finally, Panel F shows the resulting L-PRF membrane after mechanical compression in a surgical box, appearing as a flattened, whitish, resilient fibrin scaffold. This series serves as a protocol guide for clinicians in dental, maxillofacial, and orthopedic specialties to prepare autologous bioactive membranes for wound healing and tissue engineering.

This composite figure illustrates the laboratory protocol for preparing and administering platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in a translational research model. Panel (A) shows a primary blood collection tube after initial centrifugation, demonstrating the separation of whole blood into three distinct layers: the straw-colored plasma at the top, a thin whitish buffy coat containing white blood cells (WBC) and platelets in the middle, and dense red blood cells (RBC) at the bottom. Panel (B) depicts a conical tube after secondary centrifugation, further partitioning the plasma into platelet-poor plasma (PPP) at the top and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) at the base. Panel (C) captures the mixture of PRP with sodium citrate, which serves to maintain the plasma in a liquid state for therapeutic use. Panels (D) and (E) demonstrate the clinical application phase, showing a rat under anesthesia where a PE-20 tube is inserted for intravesical (bladder) instillation of the prepared PRP/PPP mixture. This procedural sequence highlights the essential steps of centrifugation, fractionation, and targeted delivery for regenerative medicine studies.

A multi-panel clinical photograph series demonstrating the workflow for preparing Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF). The sequence begins with peripheral venous blood collection from a patient’s arm using a butterfly needle and tourniquet. Collected blood is contained in red-stoppered tubes, which are then placed into a specialized benchtop centrifuge (Medifuge MF200). An overhead view shows the centrifuge rotor loaded with tubes for automated separation of blood components. Following centrifugation, the final panel illustrates the manual extraction and manipulation of the fibrin-rich CGF clot using sterile surgical forceps. The CGF appears as a dense, yellowish-orange autologous biomaterial. This process is used in regenerative medicine, specifically dental and oral surgery, to produce growth factor-rich membranes for bone defect repair and tissue regeneration. The images highlight the transition from whole blood collection to the isolation of the growth factor and stem cell layer through density-based separation.