Here are the answers to all 10 MCQs with explanations:

21 i) Declaration of Helsinki is about: Answer: b) Human experimentation The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) by the World Medical Association focuses on ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. - The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th ed.

21 ii) Cyanide poisoning causes: Answer: a) Histotoxic anoxia Cyanide blocks cytochrome oxidase, preventing cells from using oxygen - this is histotoxic (or cytotoxic) anoxia. The oxygen is available in blood, but tissues cannot utilize it. - The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th ed.

21 iii) Dichotomy means: Answer: a) Fee splitting Dichotomy (or "fee-splitting") refers to the unethical practice of a doctor sharing fees with another person (e.g., a pharmacist or referring doctor) for patient referrals.

21 iv) Gunshot residue on hands can be detected by: Answer: b) Dermal nitrate test The Dermal Nitrate Test (also called the Paraffin test or Walker's test) detects nitrate/nitrite residue deposited on hands from firing a weapon. The pattern of residue appears on the dorsum of the hand.

21 v) Agoraphobia is: Answer: d) Fear of open spaces Agoraphobia = fear of open spaces or public places. (Claustrophobia = fear of closed spaces; Arachnophobia = fear of spiders.)

22 i) The ideal place to record body temperature in a dead body is: Answer: a) Rectum The rectum is the standard site for measuring post-mortem body temperature to estimate time of death, as it is best protected from environmental temperature fluctuations.

22 ii) Chromodacryorrhea is seen in poisoning with: Answer: d) Carbolic acid (Phenol) Chromodacryorrhea means colored (reddish-brown) tears. It is classically associated with carbolic acid (phenol) poisoning due to excretion of the compound through lacrimal glands.

22 iii) Duret haemorrhages are found in: Answer: a) Brain Duret haemorrhages are secondary brainstem (pontine) haemorrhages that occur due to downward displacement/herniation of the brain, tearing midline penetrating vessels of the pons. - DiMaio's Forensic Pathology, 3rd ed.; Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease

22 iv) False perception without any external stimulus is: Answer: b) Hallucination Hallucination is a false perception without any external object or stimulus to produce it. Illusion is a misinterpretation of a real stimulus; Delusion is a false belief. - P.C. Dikshit Textbook of Forensic Medicine; The Essentials of FMT, 36th ed.

22 v) Under Indian law, criminal abortion is punishable under: Answer: b) Section 88 BNS Criminal abortion is punishable under Section 88 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). - The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 36th ed.