You are an expert epidemiologist and public health lecturer. Based STRICTLY on the syllabus directory provided below, generate a comprehensive, exam-ready study note for Community Medicine IV (Applied Epidemiology) covering NCDs and CDs in Nepal. ABSOLUTE RULES TO FOLLOW IN YOUR OUTPUT: 1. Three-tier structure: WHO/Global → SEARO/Regional → Nepal/National. 2. MoHP → MoHFS rename: Cite Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) for pre-2026 policies. Cite Ministry of Health and Food Safety (MoHFS) for current/post-13 May 2026 ownership. EDCD, DoHS, NCASC remain unchanged under MoHFS. 3. Technical Package (e.g., HEARTS, mhGAP) = ready-to-implement intervention bundle. Strategy/Roadmap (e.g., End TB) = broader policy umbrella. Bold all Technical Package names. 4. Nepal is in SEARO (Indonesia moved to WPRO May 2025; now 10 countries). Include: 8 Flagship Priorities; Regional Roadmap for Results and Resilience 2024-2029 (5 pillars); Banyan Framework 2026-2028 (newest); RC77 (Oct 2024) revision of Measles-Rubella target (2020→2023→2026); Global Leprosy Programme HQ at SEARO. PART A: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Cross-cutting: List WHO NCD Best Buys (Appendix 3, updated WHA76 May 2023) – MPOWER, SAFER, SHAKE, REPLACE, ACTIVE, PEN. Mention WHA76 additions (asthma/COPD, rheumatic fever, childhood/cervical/breast/colorectal/liver cancers). A1. CVD/Stroke: - TP: HEARTS (SHAKE/REPLACE upstream). - Global: NCD Action Plan 2013-2030 (25x25). - Regional: Flagship #3; SEARO NCD Roadmap 2022-2030; SEAR reduced 30-70 premature NCD mortality 23.4% to 21.6% (2010-2019). - Nepal: MSAP 2021-2025 transitioning to draft MSAP 2026-2030; PEN at health posts; NCD & Mental Health Section (EDCD); STEPS Survey. A2. COPD/Asthma: - No dedicated respiratory TP, but added to Best Buys at WHA76. - Global: GARD. Regional/Nepal: Folded into Flagship #3 and MSAP; no separate vertical program. A3. Peptic Ulcer: - No TP or program at any tier. Managed clinically under STEPS surveillance. A4. Cancer: - No single TP; WHA76 added interventions to Best Buys. - Global: Cervical Cancer Elimination ("90-70-90" by 2030); Global Breast Cancer Initiative. - Regional: Flagship #3; Bhutan honoured (RC77 2024 and 2025) as regional benchmark. - Nepal: Nepal Cancer Control Strategy 2024-2030; National Cancer Registry (B.P. Koirala, 12 registries); HPV vaccine (school-based, girls) in NIP. A5. Mental Health/Substance/Suicide: - TPs: mhGAP, LIVE LIFE (suicide), SAFER (alcohol). - Global: Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030; Nepal in WHO Special Initiative. - Regional: Mental Health Action Plan 2023-2030; Pillar 1 (R1) of Regional Roadmap – most emphasized theme. - Nepal: National Suicide Helpline 1166; National Mental Health Campaign (Dec 2025); National Mental Health Strategy 2026-2030 under formulation. A6. Road Traffic/Injuries/Violence/Occupational: - TPs: Save LIVES: Road Safety (S-pillars); INSPIRE; RESPECT women. - CRITICAL TRAP: Differentiate from "SAVE LIVES: Clean Care is Safer Care" (hand hygiene). - Global: UN Decade of Action 2021-2030. - Regional: UN ESCAP framework (not SEARO); no SEARO road safety flagship. - Nepal: Road Safety Action Plan 2021-2030 (draft); NRSC; draft Policy 2081; National Strategy on Violence/Injuries/Disabilities. - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH: Explicitly state as a genuine citable gap – no program/TP at any tier. A7. Nutritional Deficiencies (Anemia, IDD, VAD): - No single TP; BFHI for breastfeeding; optimal breastfeeding added to Best Buys at WHA76. - Global: Nutrition Targets 2025. - Regional: Under Flagship #4 (MNCH). - Nepal: MSNP III (2023-2030); Anemia Control Plan (IFA); IDD (Universal Salt Iodization + 2nd Action Plan); VAD (biannual Vitamin A + deworming). - Live 2026: MoHFS requesting donor top-ups (UNICEF, FHI 360, Helen Keller, World Vision, Care Nepal) as of June 2026. A8. Arsenicosis: - No TP – addressed via water quality guidelines. - Global: WHO guideline 10 µg/L. - Regional: No SEARO program; South Asia geological issue. - Nepal: Interim guideline 50 µg/L (2001); Arsenic Steering Committee; DWSSM; biosand/Gagri filters in Terai. PART B: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES B1. Bacterial Infections (Group I-A): Cholera: GTFCC; Global Roadmap 2030; OCV campaigns; WASH. Enteric Fever: TCV position paper; TyVAC; TCV in NIP (15 months). Brucellosis: Tripartite One Health; EDCD priority zoonosis; Nepal One Health Strategy 2020. AMR: TPs: AWaRe (classification) + AWaRe book; GLASS (surveillance). Global Action Plan (2015). TRAP: Jaipur Declaration (2011) is regional and predates global plan. Flagship #6; Regional Roadmap 2025-2030. Nepal: National Action Plan; NATG 2023; Antimicrobial Stewardship completed across all 7 provinces (July 2026). Meningitis: Defeating Meningitis by 2030; regional VPD surveillance; Nepal VPD (activated for May 2026 diphtheria scare). Strep/ARI: GAPPD; child mortality flagship #4; community IMCI; PCV in NIP. TB: Current strategy = End TB Strategy's 3 pillars (DOTS is historical backbone). WHO targets: 90% incidence/95% mortality reduction by 2035. Regional: Flagship #1; SEAR carries 45% global TB incidence and >50% deaths. Nepal: National TB Strategic Plan (2021/22-2025/26); off-track as of March 2026; TB-Free Nepal Declaration; NSP TB 2026-2031 drafting. HIV/STIs: UNAIDS 2021-2026; Fast-Track 95-95-95; "Treat All"; Triple Elimination (HIV + Syphilis + HepB). Regional: EMTCT validations (Thailand/Sri Lanka; Maldives applying HepB 2025). Nepal: National HIV Strategic Plan 2021-2026; target 95-95-95 by 2026; ~30,300 PLHIV; NHSP 2026-2031 drafting. Sub-group II (Plague, Tularaemia, Anthrax, Relapsing fevers, Leptospirosis, Typhus, LGV): TP equivalent = IHR Core Capacity/SPAR. Regional: Flagship #7. Nepal: EDCD Zoonotic Section (Leptospirosis = 1 of 6 priority zoonoses); EWARS. B2. Viral Infections (Group I-B): Chickenpox/Herpes: No NIP (private only). Measles (+Rubella): Measles & Rubella Framework 2021-2030. TRAP: Target revision (2020→2023→2026) is SEARO RC77 decision, not global. Nepal: MR vaccine (9 & 15 months) + campaigns. Influenza: GISRS; sentinel surveillance; NPHL. Viral Pneumonia: GAPPD; IMCI; PCV in NIP. Viral Meningitis: Defeating Meningitis 2030; VPD surveillance. Polio: GPEL; entire SEAR certified polio-free (2014); Nepal polio-free (2010); bOPV + IPV. Rabies: TP = Zero by 30 (mass dog vax, PEP, surveillance). TRAP: 3 documents – Global Zero by 30, SEARO 2012 sub-regional framework, Nepal National Rabies Elimination Strategy 2024-2030 (plus One Health Strategy). Mumps: Not targeted (MR, not MMR). Viral Gastroenteritis: GAPPD; Rotavirus vaccine in NIP. Japanese Encephalitis: Under GVCR 2017-2030; regional AES/JE guidance; Nepal: JE vaccine (12 months, all districts); AES surveillance. Dengue: GVCR + IVM; no SEARO flagship; Nepal: National Guidelines 2019; EDCD Dengue Control Program; "search and destroy." Viral Hepatitis (A-E): Triple Elimination package; WHO Global Hepatitis Strategy (elimination 2030). Regional: RC77 "Decade of Action"; Maldives HepB EMTCT. Nepal: National Viral Hepatitis Strategic Plan 2023-2030 (90% new cases/65% deaths reduction by 2030); HepB birth-dose + Pentavalent in NIP; no strong vertical program. Sub-group II (Smallpox, FMD, Encephalitis-general): Smallpox eradicated; FMD not a major human vertical. B3. Protozoal Infections (Group I-C): Malaria: GVCR + T3 (Test, Treat, Track). Global Technical Strategy 2016-2030. Regional: APLMA/APMEN (2030 target); Nepal-India cross-border (Sept 2023). TRAP: Nepal's 2026 elimination target officially MISSED; revised to 2030. Kala-azar (VL): GVCR; NTD Roadmap. Regional: 2005 tripartite initiative (Bangladesh-India-Nepal). TRAP: India eliminated 2023, Nepal hasn't yet; guidelines revised 2010→2014→2016. Amoebiasis/Giardiasis: General diarrheal control; WASH. Trichomoniasis: Syndromic STI management (NCASC). Vector Control: IVM; Nepal: VBDRTC, Hetauda; IRS/LLIN distribution. Sub-group II (Coccidiosis, Balantidiasis, Toxoplasmosis): Toxoplasmosis = 1 of 6 EDCD priority zoonoses. No WHO/SEARO/TP exists for any of the three at any tier. B4. Helminthiasis (Group I-D): Taeniasis/Hydatid: NTD Roadmap control; both are EDCD priority zoonoses. LF: GPELF package = MDA + MMDP. Target revised 2020→2030. Regional: Flagship #8; Timor-Leste validated (2024) – benchmark. Nepal: MDA since 2003; 57 of 64 endemic districts STOPPED MDA (2025-26). STH (Trichuriasis, Strongyloidiasis, Hookworm, Ascariasis): WHO preventive chemotherapy (albendazole/mebendazole). NTD Roadmap: eliminate child morbidity by 2030. Nepal: School-based biannual deworming + Vitamin A; National Deworming Day. Sub-group II (Flukes, Schistosomiasis, Dracunculiasis, Toxocariasis, Trichinosis, Capillariasis, TPE): Under NTD Roadmap "foodborne trematodiases"/Flagship #8. No Nepal-specific vertical programs or TPs identified (low-yield). BONUS SECTIONS (Include these): Leprosy: TP = MDT (Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine) – free globally since 1995. Global Leprosy Strategy 2021-2030 (shifted to "zero leprosy"). GLP HQ = SEARO (Flagship #8). Nepal: Nationally eliminated 2009/declared 2010, but 17 districts / 3 provinces (41% population) still above threshold. National Leprosy Strategy 2021-2025; National Roadmap for Zero Leprosy 2021-2030. Trachoma: TP = SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, Environment). Delivered via GET2020 Alliance. Nepal eliminated in 2018; India in 2024. PART C: HEALTH SERVICES INSTITUTIONS (Group III) Map these to EDCD: - NTCC – NTP focal point. - NATA – community DOTS partner NGO. - Khokana Leprosarium – now Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section, EDCD. - Sukraraj Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku – dedicated referral hospital. - EDCD Sections: (1) NTD & Vector Borne Disease Control, (2) Zoonotic & Other Communicable Disease Control, (3) Disease Surveillance & Research, (4) Epidemiology & Outbreak Management, (5) NCD & Mental Health, (6) Leprosy Control & Disability Management. FINAL OUTPUT REQUIREMENTS: 1. Use clear headings and sub-headings. 2. Bold all Technical Packages, target years, and key numbers (e.g., 57/64 districts, 41% population, 30,300 PLHIV). 3. At the end, include a "HIGH-YIELD VIVA TRAP SUMMARY" explicitly answering these 8 traps: - TB: DOTS vs End TB 3 pillars. - Malaria: GVCR+T3 vs APLMA/APMEN vs missed 2026. - MR: target moved to 2026 by SEARO RC77. - AMR: Jaipur (2011) predates Global (2015); AWaRe vs GLASS. - Two "SAVE LIVES" (Road Safety vs Hand Hygiene). - Rabies: 3 documents (Global, SEARO, Nepal). - Trachoma: SAFE vs GET2020 vs 2018 elimination. - Ministry: MoHP → MoHFS (May 2026). Generate the complete detailed notes following these instructions exactly.