mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure && ls /home/daytona/wo…

~/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm, mm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, KeepTogether, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY
from reportlab.platypus import FrameBreak
from reportlab.pdfbase import pdfmetrics

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/Legal_Procedure_Forensic_KSNarayanReddy.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY       = colors.HexColor("#1A2B5A")
TEAL       = colors.HexColor("#0077B6")
ORANGE     = colors.HexColor("#F4A400")
LIGHT_BLUE = colors.HexColor("#E8F4FD")
LIGHT_GOLD = colors.HexColor("#FFF8E7")
LIGHT_GREEN= colors.HexColor("#E8F8F2")
LIGHT_RED  = colors.HexColor("#FEF0F0")
WHITE      = colors.white
GREY_BG    = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
DARK_GREY  = colors.HexColor("#333333")
MED_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#666666")

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    rightMargin=1.8*cm,
    leftMargin=1.8*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm,
    bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
    title="Legal Procedure - Forensic Medicine (KS Narayan Reddy)",
    author="Orris Study Aid",
)

styles = getSampleStyleSheet()

# Custom styles
def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

title_style = S("Title2", fontSize=22, textColor=WHITE, alignment=TA_CENTER,
                fontName="Helvetica-Bold", spaceAfter=4, leading=28)
subtitle_style = S("Subtitle2", fontSize=11, textColor=LIGHT_BLUE, alignment=TA_CENTER,
                   fontName="Helvetica", spaceAfter=2)
h1 = S("H1", fontSize=14, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
       alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=4, leading=18, leftIndent=4)
h2 = S("H2", fontSize=11, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
       spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=3, leading=15)
h3 = S("H3", fontSize=10, textColor=TEAL, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
       spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=2, leading=13)
body = S("Body2", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
         leading=14, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
bullet = S("Bullet2", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
           leading=14, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2, bulletIndent=4)
bold_body = S("BoldBody", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
              leading=14, spaceAfter=4)
mnemonic_text = S("MnemonicText", fontSize=9.5, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                  leading=14, leftIndent=8, spaceAfter=3)
small_note = S("SmallNote", fontSize=8.5, textColor=MED_GREY, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
               leading=12, spaceAfter=3, alignment=TA_CENTER)

def section_header(text, bg=NAVY):
    """Returns a coloured section header block."""
    data = [[Paragraph(text, h1)]]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [5, 5, 5, 5]),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return t

def definition_box(term, defn, bg=LIGHT_BLUE):
    """Term + definition in a coloured box."""
    data = [
        [Paragraph(f"<b>{term}</b>", S("DefTerm", fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY,
                                        fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))],
        [Paragraph(defn, S("DefBody", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                            fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY))]
    ]
    t = Table(data, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, TEAL),
        ("ROUNDEDCORNERS", [4, 4, 4, 4]),
    ]))
    return t

def mnemonic_box(title, content_lines, bg=LIGHT_GOLD):
    """Special mnemonic box with star emoji."""
    rows = [[Paragraph(f"⭐  {title}", S("MnTitle", fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor("#7B4F00"),
                                          fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))]]
    for line in content_lines:
        rows.append([Paragraph(line, S("MnLine", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                                        fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, leftIndent=10))])
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, ORANGE),
        ("LINEBELOW", (0,0), (-1,0), 1, ORANGE),
    ]))
    return t

def two_col_table(headers, rows, col_widths=None, header_bg=NAVY):
    if col_widths is None:
        col_widths = [17.4*cm / len(headers)] * len(headers)
    header_style = S("TH", fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                     alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12)
    cell_style = S("TD", fontSize=9, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
                   alignment=TA_LEFT, leading=12)
    table_data = [[Paragraph(h, header_style) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        table_data.append([Paragraph(str(c), cell_style) for c in row])
    t = Table(table_data, colWidths=col_widths)
    style = [
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), header_bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, GREY_BG]),
        ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "MIDDLE"),
    ]
    t.setStyle(TableStyle(style))
    return t

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# BUILD CONTENT
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []
SP = Spacer(1, 0.3*cm)
SP_SM = Spacer(1, 0.15*cm)

# ── COVER BANNER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cover_data = [[
    Paragraph("FORENSIC MEDICINE", title_style),
    Spacer(1, 0.1*cm),
    Paragraph("Legal Procedure", S("CovSub", fontSize=16, textColor=ORANGE,
              fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=20)),
    Spacer(1, 0.1*cm),
    Paragraph("Complete Definitions &amp; Mnemonics", subtitle_style),
    Spacer(1, 0.1*cm),
    Paragraph("Based on KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)",
              S("CovRef", fontSize=9, textColor=LIGHT_BLUE, alignment=TA_CENTER,
                fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", leading=12)),
]]
# Flatten - reportlab can't nest tables in a single cell like this easily, so build as column
cover_rows = [
    [Paragraph("FORENSIC MEDICINE", title_style)],
    [Paragraph("Legal Procedure", S("CovSub2", fontSize=17, textColor=ORANGE,
               fontName="Helvetica-Bold", alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=22))],
    [Paragraph("Complete Definitions &amp; Mnemonics", subtitle_style)],
    [Spacer(1, 0.2*cm)],
    [Paragraph("Based on <i>KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)</i>",
               S("CovRef2", fontSize=9, textColor=LIGHT_BLUE, alignment=TA_CENTER,
                 fontName="Helvetica-Oblique", leading=12))],
]
cover_t = Table(cover_rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
cover_t.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), NAVY),
    ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
    ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 12),
    ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 2, ORANGE),
]))
story.append(cover_t)
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 1: THE THREE LAWS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("1. THE THREE LANDMARK LAWS (New Names - 2023)"))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "India replaced old British-era laws in 2023. You must know both old and new names:",
    body))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Old Name", "New Name (2023)", "What It Does"],
    [
        ["IPC – Indian Penal Code, 1860",
         "BNS – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita\n(Act 45 of 2023)",
         "Defines crimes and prescribes punishments (Substantive criminal law)"],
        ["CrPC – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973",
         "BNSS – Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita\n(Act 46 of 2023)",
         "Mechanism for punishment; police duties, investigation, court procedures"],
        ["IEA – Indian Evidence Act, 1872",
         "BSA – Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam\n(Act 47 of 2023)",
         "Law of evidence – collection, preservation, and use. Applies to ALL courts"],
    ],
    col_widths=[5.0*cm, 6.2*cm, 6.2*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: BNS / BNSS / BSA",
    [
        "<b>BNS = Blames (defines crimes)</b> | <b>BNSS = Brings to court (procedure)</b> | <b>BSA = Backs with evidence</b>",
        'Think: "BNS punishes ➜ BNSS processes ➜ BSA proves"',
        "All three Act numbers are consecutive: 45, 46, 47 of 2023"
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 2: TYPES OF LAW
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("2. TYPES OF LAW & CASES", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Type", "Definition", "Parties Involved"],
    [
        ["Criminal Law",
         "Deals with offences against public interest – murder, theft, rape, assault.",
         "STATE (prosecution) vs. ACCUSED"],
        ["Civil Law",
         "Deals with disputes between two individuals or parties – property, divorce, contracts.",
         "PLAINTIFF vs. DEFENDANT"],
        ["Common Law",
         "Law made by judges when they deliver decisions in individual cases (case law).",
         "—"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.5*cm, 8.5*cm, 5.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Who is who?",
    [
        "<b>Criminal case:</b> STATE prosecutes the accused – the state CARES about society",
        "<b>Civil case:</b> PLAINTIFF files against DEFENDANT – 'P' files, 'D' defends",
        "Defendant = used in BOTH criminal and civil cases for the person being accused",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 3: INQUEST - DEFINITIONS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("3. INQUEST"))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "INQUEST (Definition)",
    "An inquest is an official inquiry or investigation into the cause of death. "
    "It is conducted in cases of suicide, murder, killing by animal or machinery, accidents, "
    "deaths due to torture or ill-treatment, occupational diseases, suspected medical negligence, "
    "suspicious (unnatural) deaths, deaths during anaesthesia/operation, and unidentified or skeletonised bodies."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph("Two Types of Inquest in India:", h2))

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Feature", "Police Inquest", "Magistrate's Inquest"],
    [
        ["Legal Section", "Section 194, BNSS (old Sec 174, CrPC)", "Section 195, BNSS (old Sec 176, CrPC)"],
        ["Conducted By", "Sub-Inspector (minimum: Head Constable)", "Executive Magistrate (NOT Judicial)"],
        ["When Done", "All unnatural/suspicious deaths", "Only in specific cases (see below)"],
        ["Can examine witnesses on oath?", "NO", "YES"],
        ["Can order post-mortem?", "YES", "YES"],
        ["Document prepared", "Panchanama (with 2 panch witnesses)", "Formal inquest report"],
        ["Powers", "Limited", "Greater – can summon witnesses, examine on oath"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.2*cm, 6.6*cm, 6.6*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(Paragraph("When is Magistrate's Inquest Mandatory?", h3))
story.append(bullet_list([
    "Death in <b>police custody or jail</b>",
    "<b>Dowry deaths</b> – death within 5 years of marriage",
    "<b>Exhumation</b> – when a buried body is dug up",
    "Death of a person in a <b>mental hospital</b>",
]))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Magistrate's 4 D's",
    [
        "<b>D</b>eath in custody (police/jail)",
        "<b>D</b>owry death (within 5 yrs of marriage)",
        "<b>D</b>ig up (exhumation of buried body)",
        "<b>D</b>isturbed mind death (mental hospital)",
        "→ If you see these 4 D's, MAGISTRATE does the inquest, not police!",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 4: OFFENCES
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("4. OFFENCES – COGNIZABLE vs. NON-COGNIZABLE", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "Cognizable Offence",
    "A serious offence where police CAN arrest without a warrant and can investigate WITHOUT the "
    "Magistrate's order. Examples: Murder, rape, robbery, dacoity, kidnapping."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(definition_box(
    "Non-Cognizable Offence",
    "A minor offence where police CANNOT arrest without a warrant and CANNOT investigate without "
    "the Magistrate's permission. Examples: Cheating, forgery, defamation, simple assault."
))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Cognizable = Can arrest without warrant (Both start with C!)",
    [
        "<b>C</b>ognizable → <b>C</b>op can arrest without warrant",
        "Non-cognizable → Needs permission (warrant + magistrate order)",
        "Seriousness: Cognizable offences are SERIOUS crimes; Non-cognizable are MINOR",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 5: PUNISHMENTS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("5. PUNISHMENTS UNDER BNS"))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph("Types of punishment in India (under BNS – replaces IPC):", body))
story.append(SP_SM)

punishments = [
    ["1", "Death", "Capital punishment – highest penalty"],
    ["2", "Imprisonment for Life", "Life-long confinement"],
    ["3", "Rigorous Imprisonment (RI)", "With hard labour (e.g., grinding grain, breaking stones)"],
    ["4", "Simple Imprisonment (SI)", "Without hard labour"],
    ["5", "Forfeiture of Property", "Property seized by state"],
    ["6", "Fine", "Monetary penalty"],
    ["7", "Community Service", "NEW addition in BNS (not present in old IPC)"],
]
story.append(two_col_table(
    ["#", "Type of Punishment", "Description"],
    punishments,
    col_widths=[1.0*cm, 5.0*cm, 11.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Death LR SIF C",
    [
        "<b>D</b>eath | <b>L</b>ife imprisonment | <b>R</b>igorous imprisonment | <b>S</b>imple imprisonment | <b>F</b>ine | <b>F</b>orfeiture | <b>C</b>ommunity service",
        'Remember: "Death LoRes Simple Fine For Community" – 7 punishments total',
        "Community Service is NEW in BNS – always a favourite MCQ!",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 6: COURTS
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("6. COURTS OF LAW", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Level", "Criminal Courts", "Civil Courts"],
    [
        ["Lowest", "Executive Magistrate", "Munsif Court"],
        ["2nd", "Judicial Magistrate (1st / 2nd class)", "Sub-Judge Court"],
        ["3rd", "Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)", "District Court"],
        ["4th", "Sessions Court ← gives DEATH PENALTY", "High Court"],
        ["5th", "High Court", "Supreme Court"],
        ["Highest", "Supreme Court", "—"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.0*cm, 7.2*cm, 7.2*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "KEY FACT: Sessions Court = lowest court that can award DEATH PENALTY",
    [
        "Sessions Court handles cases punishable with death or life imprisonment",
        "Executive Magistrate ≠ Judicial Magistrate (important distinction!)",
        "Executive Magistrate conducts Magistrate's Inquest; Judicial Magistrate handles trials",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# PAGE BREAK
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 7: SUMMONS & CONDUCT MONEY
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("7. SUMMONS (SUBPOENA) & CONDUCT MONEY"))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "Summons / Subpoena (Definition)",
    "A summons is an official written court order requiring a person (including a doctor) to "
    "appear in court and give evidence. It is served by a court officer (process server). "
    "Failure to comply = Contempt of Court."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(definition_box(
    "Conduct Money (Definition)",
    "The travelling expenses and daily allowance paid to a witness (including a doctor) by the "
    "court when they are summoned. A doctor has the right to REFUSE to appear if conduct money "
    "is NOT paid. The amount varies by court type.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph("Doctor's Obligations with Summons:", h3))
story.append(bullet_list([
    "MUST appear when summoned – cannot refuse without valid reason",
    "If ill, must <b>inform the court in advance</b>",
    "Failure to appear = Contempt of Court",
    "CAN refuse if conduct money is NOT provided",
    "Must bring all relevant records and reports",
]))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: SUMMONS = Must Go; MONEY = Can Refuse if Not Paid",
    [
        "Summons → Compulsory appearance (like an exam – you MUST show up)",
        "No conduct money? → You can legally refuse – the court must pay you to come",
        "Contempt of court = punishment for ignoring a summons",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 8: MEDICAL EVIDENCE
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("8. MEDICAL EVIDENCE – DEFINITIONS & TYPES", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "Evidence (Definition) – Section 2, BSA",
    "Evidence means and includes: (1) All statements which the court permits or requires to be "
    "made before it by witnesses in relation to matters of fact under inquiry. "
    "(2) All documents produced for inspection of the court. "
    "NOTE: Doctor's evidence is an OPINION (corroborative), not positive proof like an eyewitness."
))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Type of Evidence", "Definition", "Example"],
    [
        ["ORAL – Direct",
         "Evidence of a fact directly in issue, witnessed personally by the person giving evidence.",
         "Eyewitness saying 'I saw B stab A'"],
        ["ORAL – Circumstantial / Indirect",
         "Evidence not from a direct eyewitness, but from facts that logically support the conclusion. Court draws inferences. (Section 4, BSA)",
         "'C saw B with a knife near the murder scene minutes before the crime'"],
        ["ORAL – Hearsay",
         "Statement made by a person about what they did NOT personally witness; obtained from a third party. Generally NOT admissible.",
         "'A says B told him that C committed the crime' – only B can testify to that"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Primary",
         "The original document itself produced for inspection of the court. (Section 208, BNS / Section 59, BSA)",
         "Original prescription, original hospital record"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Secondary",
         "Certified copies, copies made by mechanical process, copies compared with original, or oral account of document contents. (Section 58, BSA)",
         "Photocopy of a discharge summary (certified)"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.8*cm, 7.8*cm, 5.8*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: D-C-H for Oral Evidence",
    [
        "<b>D</b>irect – personally witnessed",
        "<b>C</b>ircumstantial – court draws logical inference from indirect facts",
        "<b>H</b>earsay – heard from someone else; generally NOT allowed in court",
        "Doctor's evidence = OPINION = corroborative (supports, doesn't prove by itself)",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 9: DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE (3 TYPES)
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("9. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – 3 KEY TYPES"))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "1. Medical Certificates",
    "Documents issued by a doctor certifying ill-health, insanity, age, disability, etc. for legal purposes. "
    "Must be truthful. Issuing a FALSE certificate is a criminal offence under Section 234, BNS. "
    "Retention: Indoor records = 3 years (NMC) / 8 years (DGHS); Outdoor records = not mandatory (NMC)."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(definition_box(
    "2. Medico-Legal Report (MLR / MLC Report)",
    "A written report prepared by a doctor after examining a medicolegal case. Contains case history, "
    "clinical findings, and medical opinion. Once signed, it becomes a legal document and can be used "
    "as evidence in court. The doctor may be called to court to testify on it.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(definition_box(
    "3. Dying Declaration – Section 26, BSA (old Section 32, IEA)",
    "A statement made by a DYING PERSON regarding the cause or circumstances of their death. "
    "Key rules: (a) No oath required. (b) Can be oral, written, or by gestures/signs. "
    "(c) Must be voluntary – no coaching. (d) Person must be in a FIT STATE OF MIND (doctor certifies this). "
    "(e) Ideally recorded by a Magistrate; if unavailable, by a doctor or police officer. "
    "(f) Person need NOT actually die for it to be valid. "
    "(g) Can ALONE be the basis for conviction if reliable.",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Dying Declaration – 'FOVG MAD'",
    [
        "<b>F</b>it state of mind (doctor must certify this)",
        "<b>O</b>ath NOT required",
        "<b>V</b>oluntary (no coaching or pressure)",
        "<b>G</b>estures allowed (oral, written, or signs)",
        "<b>M</b>agistrate records ideally (doctor/police if not available)",
        "<b>A</b>lone sufficient for conviction (if reliable)",
        "<b>D</b>eath NOT necessary for it to be valid",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 10: WITNESSES
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("10. WITNESSES – TYPES & DEFINITIONS", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Type", "Definition"],
    [
        ["Ordinary / Common Witness",
         "A person who states facts they have PERSONALLY observed, without giving any professional opinion."],
        ["Expert Witness",
         "A person with special knowledge, skill, or experience in a particular field who gives a PROFESSIONAL OPINION to assist the court. "
         "An expert can refer to standard textbooks; if he adopts a passage as his own view, it is treated as his evidence. "
         "Expert opinion can be challenged by quoting standard textbooks."],
        ["Hostile Witness (Section 227, BNS)",
         "A witness who is supposed to have some interest or motive for concealing part of the truth, or for giving completely false evidence. "
         "Declared hostile by the court on request of the lawyer who SUMMONED the witness. "
         "Once declared hostile, the SAME SIDE'S lawyer can cross-examine them."],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.8*cm, 13.6*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "Doctor as BOTH Common AND Expert Witness",
    "A doctor can act as BOTH types: "
    "(1) COMMON WITNESS – when describing observable findings on the body (e.g., wound location, size, colour). "
    "(2) EXPERT WITNESS – when giving professional opinion on cause of death, ante-mortem vs. post-mortem nature of injuries, "
    "or whether injuries were suicidal, homicidal, or accidental.",
    bg=LIGHT_BLUE
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Common vs. Expert Witness in a Doctor",
    [
        "<b>COMMON</b> = Describes what he SEES (observations = facts)",
        "<b>EXPERT</b> = Says what he THINKS (interpretation = opinion)",
        "Example: 'Wound is 3cm long' → Common witness",
        "Example: 'Wound is antemortem and homicidal' → Expert witness",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# PAGE BREAK
story.append(PageBreak())

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 11: PERJURY
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("11. PERJURY"))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(definition_box(
    "Perjury (Definition) – Sections 227 & 228, BNS / Section 383, BNSS",
    "Perjury means giving WILFUL FALSE or FABRICATED evidence. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath "
    "or by an express provision of law to state the truth, makes any statement which is FALSE, and which "
    "he either knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true, is said to give false evidence. "
    "It occurs when a person's earlier sworn statement and their later sworn statement COMPLETELY CONTRADICT each other. "
    "PUNISHMENT: Imprisonment extending to SEVEN (7) YEARS [Section 229, BNS].",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: Perjury = 7 year Penalty for False Play",
    [
        "<b>P</b>erjury = <b>P</b>urposely lying under oath",
        "Punishment = 7 years imprisonment",
        "Applies to doctors too – falsifying a post-mortem report = perjury",
        "Doctor may sit in court if lawyers of accused do NOT object",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 12: ORDER OF EXAMINATION IN COURT
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("12. ORDER OF EXAMINATION IN COURT – Section 143, BSA", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Step", "Name", "Who Asks Questions", "Purpose"],
    [
        ["1st", "Examination-in-Chief", "Lawyer who CALLED the witness", "Establish facts favourable to their side"],
        ["2nd", "Cross-Examination", "Lawyer on the OPPOSITE side", "Challenge, discredit, or clarify the testimony"],
        ["3rd", "Re-Examination", "Original (calling) lawyer AGAIN", "Clarify only NEW matters raised during cross-examination"],
    ],
    col_widths=[1.5*cm, 4.0*cm, 5.5*cm, 6.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "MNEMONIC: E-C-R (Examination → Cross → Re-examination)",
    [
        'Think: "Every Court has Rounds" – E then C then R',
        "Re-examination is LIMITED to new matters raised in cross – cannot bring up old topics",
        "Leading questions: NOT allowed in examination-in-chief; ALLOWED in cross-examination",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SECTION 13: DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("13. DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT"))
story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(bullet_list([
    "Appear promptly when summoned (carry the summons with you)",
    "Bring all relevant records, MLRs, post-mortem reports – bring CERTIFIED COPIES, not originals",
    "Give honest, impartial, and objective opinion – do NOT favour prosecution OR defence",
    "Answer only what is asked – do not volunteer extra information",
    "Say 'I don't know' or 'I don't remember' rather than guessing",
    "Remain calm and polite; do NOT argue with lawyers",
    "Ask the judge for clarification if a question is confusing or misleading",
    "May refer to standard textbooks with court's permission",
    "May request to be seated in the court – usually granted unless lawyers object",
    "Use simple, non-technical language when explaining medical findings",
]))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "GOLDEN RULE for Doctor in Court",
    [
        "Be an IMPARTIAL WITNESS – your job is to help the court find the TRUTH, not to win a case",
        "You are the 'eyes of the court' in medical matters – be precise and honest",
        "If your written report says X and you say Y in court – that is contradictory evidence and damages credibility",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# QUICK REVISION TABLE
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(section_header("14. QUICK REVISION – ALL KEY DEFINITIONS AT A GLANCE", bg=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)

quick_defs = [
    ["Inquest", "Official inquiry into the CAUSE OF DEATH in unnatural/suspicious deaths"],
    ["Police Inquest", "Conducted by Sub-Inspector under Section 194, BNSS – for ALL unnatural deaths"],
    ["Magistrate's Inquest", "Conducted by Executive Magistrate under Section 195, BNSS – for 4 D's (custody, dowry, exhumation, mental hospital death)"],
    ["Cognizable Offence", "SERIOUS crime; police arrest WITHOUT warrant; investigate WITHOUT magistrate's order"],
    ["Non-Cognizable Offence", "MINOR crime; police need warrant to arrest and magistrate's order to investigate"],
    ["Summons / Subpoena", "Court order requiring a person to appear and give evidence; MUST comply"],
    ["Conduct Money", "Travel + daily allowance paid by court to witness; doctor CAN REFUSE if not paid"],
    ["Evidence", "Statements by witnesses + documents produced before court (Section 2, BSA)"],
    ["Direct Evidence", "Eyewitness testimony about a fact directly in issue"],
    ["Circumstantial Evidence", "Indirect evidence from which court draws logical inferences"],
    ["Hearsay Evidence", "Statement from a third party; generally NOT admissible"],
    ["Primary Evidence", "ORIGINAL document produced before court"],
    ["Secondary Evidence", "Certified copies or copies compared with the original"],
    ["Dying Declaration", "Statement by a DYING PERSON about cause of their death (Section 26, BSA); no oath required; can alone convict"],
    ["Medical Certificate", "Document by doctor certifying health status; false certificate = offence (Section 234, BNS)"],
    ["Common Witness", "States FACTS personally observed (no opinion)"],
    ["Expert Witness", "Gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION; can refer to textbooks"],
    ["Hostile Witness", "Witness who turns against the side that called them (Section 227, BNS); cross-examined by SAME side"],
    ["Perjury", "Willful false evidence under oath; punishment up to 7 YEARS (Section 229, BNS)"],
    ["Examination-in-Chief", "First examination by the lawyer who CALLED the witness"],
    ["Cross-Examination", "Examination by the OPPOSITE side's lawyer"],
    ["Re-Examination", "By original lawyer AGAIN – only on new matters from cross-examination"],
    ["BNS", "Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Act 45/2023) – replaces IPC; defines crimes & punishments"],
    ["BNSS", "Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita (Act 46/2023) – replaces CrPC; procedure"],
    ["BSA", "Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Act 47/2023) – replaces IEA; law of evidence"],
]
story.append(two_col_table(
    ["Term", "Quick Definition"],
    quick_defs,
    col_widths=[4.5*cm, 12.9*cm]
))
story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(PageBreak())
story.append(section_header("15. MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET – ALL IN ONE"))
story.append(SP_SM)

mnemonics = [
    ("BNS / BNSS / BSA – 3 Laws",
     ["BNS (45) = Blames → defines CRIMES", "BNSS (46) = Brings to court → PROCEDURE",
      "BSA (47) = Backs with proof → EVIDENCE", '"BNS punishes ➜ BNSS processes ➜ BSA proves"']),
    ("Magistrate's Inquest – 4 D's",
     ["Death in custody (police/jail)", "Dowry death (within 5 years of marriage)",
      "Dig up (exhumation)", "Disturbed mind death (mental hospital)"]),
    ("Cognizable = C = Can arrest without warrant",
     ["Both Cognizable and Cop-can-arrest start with C",
      "Non-Cognizable = Need permission for everything"]),
    ("7 Punishments – Death LR SI FF C",
     ["Death | Life imprisonment | Rigorous imprisonment | Simple imprisonment",
      "Fine | Forfeiture | Community service (NEW in BNS)"]),
    ("Dying Declaration – FOVG MAD",
     ["Fit state of mind | Oath NOT required | Voluntary",
      "Gestures allowed | Magistrate records ideally | Alone sufficient for conviction | Death NOT necessary"]),
    ("Order of Examination – E–C–R",
     ['"Every Court has Rounds"', "Examination-in-chief ➜ Cross-examination ➜ Re-examination",
      "Re-examination: only NEW matters from cross"]),
    ("Doctor as Witness – See vs. Think",
     ["COMMON witness = Describes what he SEES (observations)",
      "EXPERT witness = States what he THINKS (opinion/interpretation)"]),
    ("Perjury – 7-year Penalty",
     ["Perjury = Purposely lying under oath",
      "Punishment = 7 years imprisonment (Section 229, BNS)"]),
    ("Evidence Types – D-C-H",
     ["Direct = personally witnessed", "Circumstantial = inferred from indirect facts",
      "Hearsay = heard from someone else (generally NOT admissible)"]),
]

for title, lines in mnemonics:
    story.append(mnemonic_box(title, lines))
    story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(SP)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# FOOTER NOTE
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026) – KS Narayan Reddy &amp; O P Murty  |  Study aid generated by Orris",
    small_note
))

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# HELPER: bullet list
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# (defined here because Python functions must be defined before use in the flow)
# Actually defined above as inline – let's define it properly

# Build PDF
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF created: {OUTPUT}")

~/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/Legal_Procedure_Forensic_KSNarayanReddy.pdf"

# ── Colour palette ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
NAVY        = colors.HexColor("#1A2B5A")
TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#0077B6")
ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#F4A400")
LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#E8F4FD")
LIGHT_GOLD  = colors.HexColor("#FFF8E7")
LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#E8F8F2")
LIGHT_RED   = colors.HexColor("#FEF0F0")
WHITE       = colors.white
GREY_BG     = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#333333")
MED_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#666666")

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT,
    pagesize=A4,
    rightMargin=1.8*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
    title="Legal Procedure - Forensic Medicine (KS Narayan Reddy)",
    author="Orris Study Aid",
)

# ── Styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

h1_style   = S("H1s", fontSize=13, textColor=WHITE,  fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
               alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=3, leading=17, leftIndent=4)
h2_style   = S("H2s", fontSize=11, textColor=NAVY,   fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
               spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=3, leading=15)
h3_style   = S("H3s", fontSize=10, textColor=TEAL,   fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
               spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=2, leading=13)
body_style = S("Bdy", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
               leading=14, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
blt_style  = S("Blt", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
               leading=14, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2)
sm_note    = S("SmN", fontSize=8.5, textColor=MED_GREY, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
               leading=12, spaceAfter=3, alignment=TA_CENTER)

# ── Helper: paragraph inside table cell ────────────────────────────────────
def P(txt, **kw):
    st = S("_tmp", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
           leading=13, alignment=TA_LEFT, **kw)
    return Paragraph(txt, st)

def PH(txt):   # header cell
    return Paragraph(txt, S("_th", fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                             alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12))

# ── Helper: section header bar ──────────────────────────────────────────────
def section_header(text, bg=NAVY):
    t = Table([[Paragraph(text, h1_style)]], colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return t

# ── Helper: coloured definition box ─────────────────────────────────────────
def def_box(term, defn, bg=LIGHT_BLUE):
    rows = [
        [Paragraph(f"<b>{term}</b>",
                   S("_dt", fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))],
        [Paragraph(defn,
                   S("_db", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
                     leading=13, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY))],
    ]
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, TEAL),
    ]))
    return t

# ── Helper: mnemonic (gold) box ──────────────────────────────────────────────
def mnemonic_box(title, lines):
    rows = [[Paragraph(f"<b>MNEMONIC: {title}</b>",
                       S("_mt", fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor("#7B4F00"),
                         fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))]]
    for line in lines:
        rows.append([Paragraph(line,
                                S("_ml", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                                  fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, leftIndent=10))])
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), LIGHT_GOLD),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, ORANGE),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0), (-1,0),  1, ORANGE),
    ]))
    return t

# ── Helper: comparison table ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
def ctable(headers, rows, col_widths):
    data = [[PH(h) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        data.append([P(str(c)) for c in row])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=col_widths)
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,0), NAVY),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("GRID",          (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS",(0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, GREY_BG]),
        ("VALIGN",        (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]))
    return t

# ── Helper: bullet list ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def bullets(items):
    return [Paragraph(f"• {item}", blt_style) for item in items]

SP    = Spacer(1, 0.28*cm)
SP_SM = Spacer(1, 0.14*cm)

# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# BUILD STORY
# ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []

# ── COVER BANNER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cover_rows = [
    [Paragraph("FORENSIC MEDICINE",
               S("cT", fontSize=20, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                 alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=26))],
    [Paragraph("Legal Procedure",
               S("cS", fontSize=16, textColor=ORANGE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                 alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=22))],
    [Paragraph("Complete Definitions &amp; Mnemonics",
               S("cU", fontSize=11, textColor=LIGHT_BLUE, fontName="Helvetica",
                 alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=15))],
    [Spacer(1, 0.15*cm)],
    [Paragraph("<i>Based on KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)</i>",
               S("cR", fontSize=9, textColor=LIGHT_BLUE, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
                 alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12))],
]
cover = Table(cover_rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
cover.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), NAVY),
    ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 9),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 9),
    ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 14),
    ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 2.5, ORANGE),
]))
story += [cover, SP]

# ── SECTION 1: THE THREE LAWS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("1.  THE THREE LANDMARK LAWS (2023 Replacements)"), SP_SM]
story.append(Paragraph("India replaced old British-era laws in 2023. Know both old and new names:", body_style))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(ctable(
    ["Old Name", "New Name (2023)", "What It Does"],
    [
        ["IPC – Indian Penal Code, 1860",
         "BNS – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Act 45/2023)",
         "Defines crimes &amp; prescribes punishments (substantive criminal law)"],
        ["CrPC – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973",
         "BNSS – Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita (Act 46/2023)",
         "Procedure: police duties, investigation, court proceedings, appeals"],
        ["IEA – Indian Evidence Act, 1872",
         "BSA – Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Act 47/2023)",
         "Law of evidence – collection, preservation, admissibility. Applies to ALL courts"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.8*cm, 6.2*cm, 6.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "BNS / BNSS / BSA",
    [
        "<b>BNS (45) = Blames</b> – defines CRIMES and punishments",
        "<b>BNSS (46) = Brings to court</b> – PROCEDURE for prosecution",
        "<b>BSA (47) = Backs with proof</b> – law of EVIDENCE",
        '"BNS punishes  ➜  BNSS processes  ➜  BSA proves" | Acts: 45, 46, 47 (consecutive)',
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 2: TYPES OF LAW ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("2.  TYPES OF LAW &amp; CASES", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["Type", "Definition", "Parties"],
    [
        ["Criminal Law",
         "Offences against public interest – murder, theft, rape, assault.",
         "STATE (public prosecutor) vs. ACCUSED"],
        ["Civil Law",
         "Disputes between two individuals – property, divorce, contracts.",
         "PLAINTIFF vs. DEFENDANT"],
        ["Common Law",
         "Law made by judges through decisions in individual cases (judge-made / case law).",
         "—"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.2*cm, 9.2*cm, 5.0*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Who is Who?",
    [
        "<b>Criminal</b>: State prosecutes → 'State CARES about society'",
        "<b>Civil</b>: Plaintiff files, Defendant defends → 'P files, D defends'",
        "Defendant = used in BOTH criminal AND civil cases for the person being accused",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 3: INQUEST ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("3.  INQUEST"), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "INQUEST (Definition)",
    "An official inquiry or investigation into the CAUSE OF DEATH. Conducted in cases of suicide, "
    "murder, killing by animal or machinery, accidents, deaths due to torture or ill-treatment, "
    "occupational diseases, suspected medical negligence, suspicious (unnatural) deaths, deaths "
    "during anaesthesia/operation, and unidentified or skeletonised bodies."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph("Two Types of Inquest in India:", h2_style))
story.append(ctable(
    ["Feature", "Police Inquest", "Magistrate's Inquest"],
    [
        ["Legal Section", "Sec 194, BNSS (old Sec 174, CrPC)", "Sec 195, BNSS (old Sec 176, CrPC)"],
        ["Conducted By", "Sub-Inspector (min: Head Constable)", "Executive Magistrate (NOT Judicial)"],
        ["When Done", "ALL unnatural / suspicious deaths", "Only for specific cases (4 D's – see below)"],
        ["Examine on oath?", "NO", "YES"],
        ["Can order post-mortem?", "YES", "YES"],
        ["Document", "Panchanama (2 panch witnesses)", "Formal inquest report"],
        ["Powers", "Limited", "Greater – can summon &amp; examine witnesses on oath"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.0*cm, 6.7*cm, 6.7*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph("Magistrate's Inquest is MANDATORY in:", h3_style))
story += bullets([
    "Death in <b>police custody or jail</b>",
    "<b>Dowry deaths</b> – within 5 years of marriage",
    "<b>Exhumation</b> – digging up a buried body",
    "Death in a <b>mental hospital</b>",
])
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Magistrate's 4 D's",
    [
        "<b>D</b>eath in custody (police/jail)",
        "<b>D</b>owry death (within 5 yrs of marriage)",
        "<b>D</b>ig up (exhumation of buried body)",
        "<b>D</b>isturbed mind death (mental hospital)",
        "If any of these 4 D's → MAGISTRATE does the inquest, NOT police!",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 4: OFFENCES ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("4.  COGNIZABLE vs. NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "Cognizable Offence",
    "A SERIOUS crime where police CAN arrest WITHOUT a warrant and can investigate WITHOUT "
    "the magistrate's order. Examples: Murder, rape, robbery, dacoity, kidnapping."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(def_box(
    "Non-Cognizable Offence",
    "A MINOR crime where police CANNOT arrest without a warrant and CANNOT investigate "
    "without the magistrate's permission. Examples: Cheating, forgery, defamation, simple assault.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Cognizable = Can arrest without warrant (Both start with C!)",
    [
        "<b>C</b>ognizable → <b>C</b>op can arrest without warrant, <b>C</b>an investigate independently",
        "Non-cognizable → Needs permission for BOTH arrest (warrant) AND investigation (magistrate)",
        "Seriousness: Cognizable = SERIOUS | Non-cognizable = MINOR",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 5: PUNISHMENTS ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("5.  PUNISHMENTS UNDER BNS"), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["#", "Type", "Description"],
    [
        ["1", "Death", "Capital punishment"],
        ["2", "Imprisonment for Life", "Lifelong confinement"],
        ["3", "Rigorous Imprisonment (RI)", "WITH hard labour (e.g., grinding grain, breaking stones)"],
        ["4", "Simple Imprisonment (SI)", "WITHOUT hard labour"],
        ["5", "Forfeiture of Property", "State seizes property"],
        ["6", "Fine", "Monetary penalty"],
        ["7", "Community Service", "<b>NEW</b> in BNS – not present in old IPC! (favourite MCQ)"],
    ],
    col_widths=[1.0*cm, 5.0*cm, 11.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    '"DeLRSI-FF-C" – 7 Punishments',
    [
        "<b>De</b>ath | <b>L</b>ife | <b>R</b>igorous | <b>S</b>imple | <b>I</b>mprisonment | <b>F</b>ine | <b>F</b>orfeiture | <b>C</b>ommunity service",
        "Community Service is BRAND NEW in BNS – always ask in MCQs!",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 6: COURTS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("6.  COURTS OF LAW", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["Level (Low→High)", "Criminal Courts", "Civil Courts"],
    [
        ["1 (Lowest)", "Executive Magistrate", "Munsif Court"],
        ["2", "Judicial Magistrate (1st / 2nd class)", "Sub-Judge Court"],
        ["3", "Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)", "District Court"],
        ["4", "Sessions Court  ← DEATH PENALTY awarded here", "High Court"],
        ["5", "High Court", "Supreme Court"],
        ["6 (Highest)", "Supreme Court", "—"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.2*cm, 7.1*cm, 7.1*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "KEY FACT: Sessions Court = Lowest court that awards DEATH PENALTY",
    [
        "Executive Magistrate ≠ Judicial Magistrate (Important distinction!)",
        "Executive Magistrate → conducts Magistrate's Inquest",
        "Judicial Magistrate → handles criminal trials",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# PAGE BREAK
story.append(PageBreak())

# ── SECTION 7: SUMMONS & CONDUCT MONEY ───────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("7.  SUMMONS (SUBPOENA) &amp; CONDUCT MONEY"), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "Summons / Subpoena (Definition)",
    "An official written court order requiring a person (including a doctor) to appear in court "
    "and give evidence. Served by a court officer (process server). "
    "Failure to comply = Contempt of Court."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(def_box(
    "Conduct Money (Definition)",
    "Travelling expenses + daily allowance paid by the court to a summoned witness (including a doctor). "
    "A doctor has the RIGHT to REFUSE to appear if conduct money is NOT paid. Amount varies by court type.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story += bullets([
    "Doctor MUST appear when summoned – cannot refuse without valid reason",
    "If ill, must <b>inform the court in advance</b>",
    "Failure to appear = Contempt of Court",
    "CAN refuse if conduct money is NOT provided",
    "Must bring all relevant records and reports (certified copies, NOT originals)",
])
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "SUMMONS = Must Go | No Money = Can Refuse",
    [
        "Summons → Compulsory (like an exam – you MUST attend)",
        "No conduct money paid? → You can LEGALLY refuse",
        "Always bring: certified copies of reports (keep originals safe)",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 8: MEDICAL EVIDENCE ──────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("8.  MEDICAL EVIDENCE – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "Evidence (Definition) – Section 2, BSA",
    "(1) All statements which the court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses "
    "in relation to matters of fact under inquiry. (2) All documents produced for inspection of the court. "
    "NOTE: Doctor's evidence is an OPINION (corroborative) – NOT positive proof like an eyewitness."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(ctable(
    ["Type", "Definition", "Example"],
    [
        ["ORAL – Direct",
         "Personally witnessed testimony about a fact directly in issue.",
         "'I saw B stab A'"],
        ["ORAL – Circumstantial / Indirect",
         "Indirect evidence; court draws logical inferences. (Section 4, BSA)",
         "'C saw B with a knife near the scene just before the murder'"],
        ["ORAL – Hearsay",
         "Statement about what the witness did NOT personally see – from a third party. Generally NOT admissible.",
         "'A says B told him C committed the crime'"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Primary",
         "The ORIGINAL document produced before the court. (Section 208, BNS / Sec 59, BSA)",
         "Original prescription or hospital record"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Secondary",
         "Certified copies, mechanical copies, or copies compared with the original. (Section 58, BSA)",
         "Certified photocopy of discharge summary"],
    ],
    col_widths=[3.8*cm, 7.8*cm, 5.8*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "D-C-H for Oral Evidence",
    [
        "<b>D</b>irect = personally witnessed",
        "<b>C</b>ircumstantial = inferred from indirect facts (court draws logical conclusion)",
        "<b>H</b>earsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible",
        "Doctor's evidence = OPINION = corroborative (supports, does not prove by itself)",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 9: DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE (3 Types) ────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("9.  DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – 3 KEY TYPES"), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "1. Medical Certificates",
    "Documents issued by a doctor certifying ill-health, insanity, age, disability, etc. "
    "Must be truthful. Issuing a FALSE certificate = criminal offence (Section 234, BNS). "
    "<b>Retention:</b> Indoor records = 3 years (NMC) / 8 years (DGHS); Outdoor records = not mandatory (NMC)."
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(def_box(
    "2. Medico-Legal Report (MLR / MLC Report)",
    "Written report by a doctor after examining a medicolegal case. Contains case history, "
    "clinical findings, and medical opinion. Once signed, it becomes a LEGAL DOCUMENT and "
    "can be used as evidence in court. The doctor may be called to testify on it.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(def_box(
    "3. Dying Declaration – Section 26, BSA  (old Section 32, IEA)",
    "Statement made by a DYING PERSON regarding the cause or circumstances of their death. "
    "Key rules: (a) No oath required. (b) Can be oral, written, or by gestures/signs. "
    "(c) Must be VOLUNTARY – no coaching or pressure. "
    "(d) Person must be in a FIT STATE OF MIND (doctor certifies this). "
    "(e) Ideally recorded by a MAGISTRATE; if unavailable, by a doctor or police officer. "
    "(f) Person need NOT actually die for it to be valid. "
    "(g) Can ALONE be the sole basis for conviction if it is reliable.",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Dying Declaration – 'FOVG MAD'",
    [
        "<b>F</b>it state of mind (doctor certifies this)",
        "<b>O</b>ath NOT required",
        "<b>V</b>oluntary (no coaching or pressure)",
        "<b>G</b>estures allowed (oral / written / signs)",
        "<b>M</b>agistrate records ideally (doctor / police if not available)",
        "<b>A</b>lone sufficient for conviction (if reliable)",
        "<b>D</b>eath NOT necessary for it to be valid",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 10: WITNESSES ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("10. WITNESSES – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["Type", "Definition"],
    [
        ["Ordinary / Common Witness",
         "States facts PERSONALLY OBSERVED. No professional opinion involved."],
        ["Expert Witness",
         "Person with special knowledge/skill/experience in a field who gives a PROFESSIONAL OPINION "
         "to assist the court. Can refer to standard textbooks; if the expert adopts a passage as "
         "their own view, it is treated as their evidence. Opinion can be challenged by textbooks."],
        ["Hostile Witness (Sec 227, BNS)",
         "A witness who turns against the side that called them – conceals truth or gives false evidence. "
         "Court declares them hostile on request of the summoning lawyer. "
         "Once hostile: the SAME SIDE'S lawyer can cross-examine them."],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.0*cm, 13.4*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(def_box(
    "Doctor as BOTH Common AND Expert Witness",
    "(1) <b>COMMON witness</b> – when describing OBSERVABLE findings (wound location, size, colour). "
    "(2) <b>EXPERT witness</b> – when giving PROFESSIONAL OPINION on cause of death, "
    "ante-mortem vs. post-mortem nature, or suicidal/homicidal/accidental classification.",
    bg=LIGHT_BLUE
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Common vs. Expert: SEE vs. THINK",
    [
        "<b>COMMON</b> witness = Describes what he <b>SEES</b> (observations = facts)",
        "<b>EXPERT</b> witness = States what he <b>THINKS</b> (interpretation = opinion)",
        "Example: 'Wound is 3 cm long' → Common | 'Wound is antemortem &amp; homicidal' → Expert",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 11: PERJURY ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("11. PERJURY"), SP_SM]
story.append(def_box(
    "Perjury (Definition) – Sections 227 &amp; 228, BNS  /  Section 383, BNSS",
    "Giving WILFUL FALSE or FABRICATED evidence under oath. Whoever, being legally bound by an oath, "
    "makes any statement which is FALSE and which he knows or believes to be false, is said to give "
    "false evidence. It occurs when a person's earlier sworn statement and their later sworn statement "
    "COMPLETELY CONTRADICT each other and cannot be reconciled. "
    "<b>PUNISHMENT: Imprisonment up to SEVEN (7) YEARS [Section 229, BNS].</b>",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "Perjury = 7-year Penalty for False Play",
    [
        "<b>P</b>erjury = <b>P</b>urposely lying under oath",
        "Punishment = <b>7 years</b> imprisonment (Section 229, BNS)",
        "Applies to doctors too – falsifying a post-mortem report = perjury",
        "Doctor may SIT in court unless lawyers of the accused object",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 12: ORDER OF EXAMINATION ─────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("12. ORDER OF EXAMINATION IN COURT – Section 143, BSA", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["Step", "Name", "Who Asks Questions", "Purpose"],
    [
        ["1st", "Examination-in-Chief",
         "Lawyer who <b>CALLED</b> the witness",
         "Establish facts favourable to their side; leading questions NOT allowed"],
        ["2nd", "Cross-Examination",
         "Lawyer on the <b>OPPOSITE</b> side",
         "Challenge, discredit, or clarify; leading questions ARE allowed"],
        ["3rd", "Re-Examination",
         "Original (calling) lawyer <b>AGAIN</b>",
         "Clarify only NEW matters raised in cross-examination; cannot revisit old topics"],
    ],
    col_widths=[1.5*cm, 4.2*cm, 5.5*cm, 6.2*cm]
))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "E-C-R: Every Court has Rounds",
    [
        "<b>E</b>xamination-in-chief → <b>C</b>ross-examination → <b>R</b>e-examination",
        "Re-examination = LIMITED to new matters raised in cross (cannot repeat old topics)",
        "Leading questions: FORBIDDEN in examination-in-chief | ALLOWED in cross-examination",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 13: DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT ─────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("13. DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT"), SP_SM]
story += bullets([
    "Appear promptly when summoned; carry the summons",
    "Bring <b>certified copies</b> of MLR, post-mortem reports – NOT originals",
    "Give honest, impartial, objective opinion – do NOT favour prosecution OR defence",
    "Answer ONLY what is asked – do not volunteer extra information",
    "Say 'I don't know' or 'I don't remember' rather than guessing",
    "Remain calm and polite; do NOT argue with lawyers",
    "Ask the judge for clarification if a question is confusing or misleading",
    "May refer to standard textbooks with the court's permission",
    "May request to be seated – usually granted unless lawyers for the accused object",
    "Use simple, non-technical language when explaining medical findings to the court",
])
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(mnemonic_box(
    "GOLDEN RULE: You are the Court's Medical Expert – be IMPARTIAL",
    [
        "Your job is to help the court find the TRUTH, not to 'win' a case for either side",
        "If your written report says X and you say Y in court → damages your credibility",
        "Being an honest, clear, impartial expert is the highest standard",
    ]
))
story.append(SP)

# PAGE BREAK
story.append(PageBreak())

# ── SECTION 14: QUICK REVISION TABLE ─────────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("14. QUICK REVISION – ALL KEY DEFINITIONS AT A GLANCE", bg=TEAL), SP_SM]
story.append(ctable(
    ["Term", "Quick Definition / Key Fact"],
    [
        ["Inquest", "Official inquiry into the CAUSE OF DEATH in unnatural/suspicious deaths"],
        ["Police Inquest", "Sub-Inspector | Sec 194, BNSS | ALL unnatural deaths | Panchanama"],
        ["Magistrate's Inquest", "Executive Magistrate | Sec 195, BNSS | 4 D's: Custody, Dowry, Dig-up, Disturbed"],
        ["Cognizable Offence", "SERIOUS crime; police arrest WITHOUT warrant, investigate WITHOUT magistrate"],
        ["Non-Cognizable Offence", "MINOR crime; need warrant to arrest + magistrate order to investigate"],
        ["Summons", "Court order to appear; MUST comply; failure = contempt of court"],
        ["Conduct Money", "Travel + daily allowance from court; doctor CAN REFUSE if NOT paid"],
        ["Evidence (BSA)", "Statements by witnesses + documents produced before court"],
        ["Direct Evidence", "Eyewitness; personally saw the fact in issue"],
        ["Circumstantial Evidence", "Indirect facts; court draws logical inference (Sec 4, BSA)"],
        ["Hearsay Evidence", "Heard from someone else; generally NOT admissible"],
        ["Primary Evidence", "ORIGINAL document before the court"],
        ["Secondary Evidence", "Certified copies / copies compared with original (Sec 58, BSA)"],
        ["Medical Certificate", "False certificate = offence Sec 234, BNS; Retention 3 yrs (NMC) / 8 yrs (DGHS)"],
        ["Dying Declaration", "Sec 26, BSA; no oath; voluntary; fit mind; alone sufficient for conviction"],
        ["Common Witness", "States FACTS personally observed – no opinion"],
        ["Expert Witness", "Gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION; can refer to textbooks"],
        ["Hostile Witness", "Turns against calling side (Sec 227, BNS); cross-examined by SAME side"],
        ["Perjury", "Wilful false evidence under oath; 7 YEARS imprisonment (Sec 229, BNS)"],
        ["Examination-in-Chief", "1st – by lawyer who called the witness"],
        ["Cross-Examination", "2nd – by OPPOSITE side's lawyer"],
        ["Re-Examination", "3rd – by original lawyer; ONLY on new matters from cross"],
        ["BNS", "Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita – Act 45/2023 – replaces IPC – CRIMES &amp; PUNISHMENTS"],
        ["BNSS", "Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita – Act 46/2023 – replaces CrPC – PROCEDURE"],
        ["BSA", "Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam – Act 47/2023 – replaces IEA – EVIDENCE"],
    ],
    col_widths=[4.5*cm, 12.9*cm]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── SECTION 15: MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET ───────────────────────────────────────
story += [section_header("15. MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET – ALL IN ONE"), SP_SM]

mnem_data = [
    ("BNS / BNSS / BSA",
     ["BNS (45) = Blames → defines CRIMES",
      "BNSS (46) = Brings to court → PROCEDURE",
      "BSA (47) = Backs with proof → EVIDENCE",
      '"BNS punishes ➜ BNSS processes ➜ BSA proves" | Acts: 45, 46, 47 (consecutive!)']),
    ("Magistrate Inquest – 4 D's",
     ["Death in custody", "Dowry death (within 5 yrs)", "Dig up (exhumation)", "Disturbed mind death (mental hospital)"]),
    ("Cognizable = C = Can arrest without warrant",
     ["Cognizable → Cop can arrest without warrant, Can investigate independently",
      "Non-Cognizable → Needs warrant + magistrate permission"]),
    ("7 Punishments – DeLRSI-FF-C",
     ["Death | Life | Rigorous | Simple | Imprisonment | Fine | Forfeiture | Community service",
      "Community Service = NEW in BNS (not in old IPC) → always in MCQs!"]),
    ("Dying Declaration – FOVG MAD",
     ["Fit mind | Oath not required | Voluntary | Gestures allowed",
      "Magistrate records ideally | Alone sufficient for conviction | Death not necessary"]),
    ("Order of Examination – E-C-R",
     ['"Every Court has Rounds"',
      "Examination-in-chief ➜ Cross-examination ➜ Re-examination",
      "Re-examination = ONLY new matters from cross"]),
    ("Doctor as Witness – SEE vs. THINK",
     ["COMMON = Describes what he SEES (observations = facts)",
      "EXPERT = States what he THINKS (interpretation = opinion)"]),
    ("Perjury – 7-year Penalty",
     ["Perjury = Purposely lying under oath",
      "7 years imprisonment (Section 229, BNS)"]),
    ("Evidence Types – D-C-H",
     ["Direct = personally witnessed",
      "Circumstantial = court draws logical inference",
      "Hearsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible"]),
]

for title, lines in mnem_data:
    story.append(mnemonic_box(title, lines))
    story.append(SP_SM)

story.append(SP)

# ── FOOTER ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=TEAL))
story.append(SP_SM)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026) – "
    "KS Narayan Reddy &amp; O P Murty  |  Study aid generated by Orris",
    sm_note
))

# ── BUILD ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
doc.build(story)
print(f"PDF created successfully: {OUTPUT}")

~/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

Error: String not found in file: 'from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY'

rm /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

~/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/Legal_Procedure_Forensic_KSNarayanReddy.pdf"

# Colours
NAVY        = colors.HexColor("#1A2B5A")
TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#0077B6")
ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#F4A400")
LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#E8F4FD")
LIGHT_GOLD  = colors.HexColor("#FFF8E7")
LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#E8F8F2")
LIGHT_RED   = colors.HexColor("#FEF0F0")
WHITE       = colors.white
GREY_BG     = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#333333")
MED_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#666666")

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT, pagesize=A4,
    rightMargin=1.8*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
    title="Legal Procedure - Forensic Medicine (KS Narayan Reddy)",
    author="Orris Study Aid",
)

def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

h1s  = S("h1s", fontSize=13, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=3, leading=17, leftIndent=4)
h2s  = S("h2s", fontSize=11, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=3, leading=15)
h3s  = S("h3s", fontSize=10, textColor=TEAL, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=2, leading=13)
bdy  = S("bdy", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
          leading=14, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
blt  = S("blt", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
          leading=14, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2)
smn  = S("smn", fontSize=8.5, textColor=MED_GREY, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
          leading=12, spaceAfter=3, alignment=TA_CENTER)

def P(txt, **kw):
    st = S("_p", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
           leading=13, alignment=TA_LEFT, **kw)
    return Paragraph(txt, st)

def PH(txt):
    return Paragraph(txt, S("_ph", fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                              alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12))

def sec(text, bg=NAVY):
    t = Table([[Paragraph(text, h1s)]], colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return t

def defbox(term, defn, bg=LIGHT_BLUE):
    rows = [
        [Paragraph("<b>"+term+"</b>",
                   S("_dt", fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))],
        [Paragraph(defn,
                   S("_db", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
                     leading=13, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY))],
    ]
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, TEAL),
    ]))
    return t

def mnbox(title, lines):
    rows = [[Paragraph("<b>MNEMONIC: "+title+"</b>",
                       S("_mt", fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor("#7B4F00"),
                         fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))]]
    for line in lines:
        rows.append([Paragraph(line,
                                S("_ml", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                                  fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, leftIndent=10))])
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",    (0,0), (-1,-1), LIGHT_GOLD),
        ("TOPPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, ORANGE),
        ("LINEBELOW",     (0,0), (-1,0),  1, ORANGE),
    ]))
    return t

def ctbl(headers, rows, cw):
    data = [[PH(h) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        data.append([P(str(c)) for c in row])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=cw)
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND",     (0,0), (-1,0), NAVY),
        ("TOPPADDING",     (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING",  (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING",    (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("RIGHTPADDING",   (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("GRID",           (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, GREY_BG]),
        ("VALIGN",         (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]))
    return t

def blist(items):
    return [Paragraph("• " + item, blt) for item in items]

SP    = Spacer(1, 0.28*cm)
SPSM  = Spacer(1, 0.14*cm)

# ── STORY ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story = []

# Cover
cr = [
    [Paragraph("FORENSIC MEDICINE",
               S("ct",fontSize=20,textColor=WHITE,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=26))],
    [Paragraph("Legal Procedure",
               S("cs",fontSize=16,textColor=ORANGE,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=22))],
    [Paragraph("Complete Definitions &amp; Mnemonics",
               S("cu",fontSize=11,textColor=LIGHT_BLUE,fontName="Helvetica",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=15))],
    [Spacer(1,0.15*cm)],
    [Paragraph("<i>Based on KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)</i>",
               S("cr",fontSize=9,textColor=LIGHT_BLUE,fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=12))],
]
cv = Table(cr, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
cv.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),NAVY),
    ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),9),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),9),
    ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),14),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),14),
    ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1),2.5,ORANGE),
]))
story += [cv, SP]

# ── S1: THREE LAWS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("1.  THE THREE LANDMARK LAWS (2023 Replacements)"), SPSM]
story.append(Paragraph("India replaced old British-era laws in 2023. Know BOTH old and new names:", bdy))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Old Name","New Name (2023)","What It Does"],
    [
        ["IPC – Indian Penal Code, 1860",
         "BNS – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Act 45/2023)",
         "Defines crimes &amp; prescribes punishments (substantive criminal law)"],
        ["CrPC – Criminal Procedure Code, 1973",
         "BNSS – Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita (Act 46/2023)",
         "Procedure: police duties, investigation, court proceedings, appeals"],
        ["IEA – Indian Evidence Act, 1872",
         "BSA – Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Act 47/2023)",
         "Law of evidence – collection, preservation, admissibility. Applies to ALL courts"],
    ],
    cw=[4.8*cm,6.2*cm,6.4*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "BNS / BNSS / BSA",
    ["<b>BNS (45) = Blames</b> – defines CRIMES and punishments",
     "<b>BNSS (46) = Brings to court</b> – PROCEDURE for prosecution",
     "<b>BSA (47) = Backs with proof</b> – law of EVIDENCE",
     '"BNS punishes ➜ BNSS processes ➜ BSA proves"  |  Acts: 45, 46, 47 (consecutive)']
), SP]

# ── S2: TYPES OF LAW ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("2.  TYPES OF LAW &amp; CASES", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition","Parties"],
    [
        ["Criminal Law","Offences against public interest – murder, theft, rape, assault.","STATE (public prosecutor) vs. ACCUSED"],
        ["Civil Law","Disputes between two individuals – property, divorce, contracts.","PLAINTIFF vs. DEFENDANT"],
        ["Common Law","Law made by judges through decisions in individual cases (case law).","—"],
    ],
    cw=[3.2*cm,9.2*cm,5.0*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Who is Who?",
    ["<b>Criminal</b>: State prosecutes → 'State CARES about society'",
     "<b>Civil</b>: Plaintiff files, Defendant defends → 'P files, D defends'",
     "Defendant = used in BOTH criminal AND civil cases"]
), SP]

# ── S3: INQUEST ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("3.  INQUEST"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "INQUEST (Definition)",
    "An official inquiry or investigation into the CAUSE OF DEATH. Conducted in: suicide, murder, "
    "killing by animal/machinery, accidents, deaths due to torture/ill-treatment, occupational diseases, "
    "suspected medical negligence, suspicious (unnatural) deaths, deaths during anaesthesia/operation, "
    "and unidentified or skeletonised bodies."
))
story += [SPSM, Paragraph("Two Types of Inquest in India:", h2s)]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Feature","Police Inquest","Magistrate's Inquest"],
    [
        ["Legal Section","Sec 194, BNSS (old Sec 174, CrPC)","Sec 195, BNSS (old Sec 176, CrPC)"],
        ["Conducted By","Sub-Inspector (min: Head Constable)","Executive Magistrate (NOT Judicial)"],
        ["When Done","ALL unnatural / suspicious deaths","Only for specific cases (4 D's)"],
        ["Examine on oath?","NO","YES"],
        ["Can order post-mortem?","YES","YES"],
        ["Document","Panchanama (2 panch witnesses)","Formal inquest report"],
        ["Powers","Limited","Greater – can summon &amp; examine witnesses on oath"],
    ],
    cw=[4.0*cm,6.7*cm,6.7*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, Paragraph("Magistrate's Inquest is MANDATORY in:", h3s)]
story += blist([
    "Death in <b>police custody or jail</b>",
    "<b>Dowry deaths</b> – within 5 years of marriage",
    "<b>Exhumation</b> – digging up a buried body",
    "Death in a <b>mental hospital</b>",
])
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Magistrate's 4 D's",
    ["<b>D</b>eath in custody (police/jail)",
     "<b>D</b>owry death (within 5 yrs of marriage)",
     "<b>D</b>ig up (exhumation of buried body)",
     "<b>D</b>isturbed mind death (mental hospital)",
     "If any of these 4 D's → MAGISTRATE does the inquest, NOT police!"]
), SP]

# ── S4: OFFENCES ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("4.  COGNIZABLE vs. NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Cognizable Offence",
    "A SERIOUS crime. Police CAN arrest WITHOUT a warrant and investigate WITHOUT the magistrate's order. "
    "Examples: Murder, rape, robbery, dacoity, kidnapping."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Non-Cognizable Offence",
    "A MINOR crime. Police CANNOT arrest without a warrant and CANNOT investigate without the magistrate's permission. "
    "Examples: Cheating, forgery, defamation, simple assault.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Cognizable = Can arrest without warrant (Both start with C!)",
    ["<b>C</b>ognizable → <b>C</b>op can arrest without warrant, <b>C</b>an investigate independently",
     "Non-cognizable → Needs warrant to arrest + magistrate permission to investigate",
     "Seriousness: Cognizable = SERIOUS | Non-cognizable = MINOR"]
), SP]

# ── S5: PUNISHMENTS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("5.  PUNISHMENTS UNDER BNS"), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["#","Type","Description"],
    [
        ["1","Death","Capital punishment"],
        ["2","Imprisonment for Life","Lifelong confinement"],
        ["3","Rigorous Imprisonment (RI)","WITH hard labour (grinding grain, breaking stones)"],
        ["4","Simple Imprisonment (SI)","WITHOUT hard labour"],
        ["5","Forfeiture of Property","State seizes property"],
        ["6","Fine","Monetary penalty"],
        ["7","Community Service","<b>NEW in BNS</b> – not in old IPC! (favourite MCQ)"],
    ],
    cw=[1.0*cm,5.0*cm,11.4*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    '"DeLRSI-FF-C" – 7 Punishments',
    ["<b>D</b>eath | <b>L</b>ife | <b>R</b>igorous | <b>S</b>imple | <b>I</b>mprisonment | <b>F</b>ine | <b>F</b>orfeiture | <b>C</b>ommunity service",
     "Community Service = BRAND NEW in BNS → always tested in MCQs!"]
), SP]

# ── S6: COURTS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("6.  COURTS OF LAW", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Level (Low→High)","Criminal Courts","Civil Courts"],
    [
        ["1 (Lowest)","Executive Magistrate","Munsif Court"],
        ["2","Judicial Magistrate (1st / 2nd class)","Sub-Judge Court"],
        ["3","Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)","District Court"],
        ["4","Sessions Court  ←  DEATH PENALTY here","High Court"],
        ["5","High Court","Supreme Court"],
        ["6 (Highest)","Supreme Court","—"],
    ],
    cw=[3.2*cm,7.1*cm,7.1*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Sessions Court = Lowest court that awards DEATH PENALTY",
    ["Executive Magistrate ≠ Judicial Magistrate (important distinction!)",
     "Executive Magistrate → conducts Magistrate's Inquest",
     "Judicial Magistrate → handles criminal trials"]
), SP]

story.append(PageBreak())

# ── S7: SUMMONS & CONDUCT MONEY ─────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("7.  SUMMONS (SUBPOENA) &amp; CONDUCT MONEY"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Summons / Subpoena (Definition)",
    "An official written court order requiring a person (including a doctor) to appear in court "
    "and give evidence. Served by a court officer (process server). Failure to comply = Contempt of Court."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Conduct Money (Definition)",
    "Travelling expenses + daily allowance paid by the court to a summoned witness. "
    "A doctor has the RIGHT to REFUSE to appear if conduct money is NOT paid. Amount varies by court type.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story += [SPSM] + blist([
    "Doctor MUST appear when summoned",
    "If ill, must <b>inform the court in advance</b>",
    "Failure to appear = Contempt of Court",
    "CAN legally refuse if conduct money is NOT provided",
    "Bring <b>certified copies</b> of reports (keep originals safe)",
])
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "SUMMONS = Must Go | No Money = Can Refuse",
    ["Summons → Compulsory (like an exam – you MUST attend)",
     "No conduct money paid? → You can LEGALLY refuse",
     "Always bring: certified copies of reports (NOT originals)"]
), SP]

# ── S8: MEDICAL EVIDENCE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("8.  MEDICAL EVIDENCE – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Evidence (Definition) – Section 2, BSA",
    "(1) All statements which the court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses. "
    "(2) All documents produced for inspection of the court. "
    "NOTE: Doctor's evidence is an OPINION (corroborative) – NOT positive proof like an eyewitness."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition","Example"],
    [
        ["ORAL – Direct","Personally witnessed testimony about a fact directly in issue.","'I saw B stab A'"],
        ["ORAL – Circumstantial / Indirect","Indirect evidence; court draws logical inferences. (Section 4, BSA)","'C saw B with a knife near the scene just before the murder'"],
        ["ORAL – Hearsay","Statement about what the witness did NOT personally see. Generally NOT admissible.","'A says B told him C committed the crime'"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Primary","The ORIGINAL document produced before the court. (Sec 59, BSA)","Original prescription or hospital record"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Secondary","Certified copies / copies compared with the original. (Sec 58, BSA)","Certified photocopy of discharge summary"],
    ],
    cw=[3.8*cm,7.8*cm,5.8*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "D-C-H for Oral Evidence",
    ["<b>D</b>irect = personally witnessed",
     "<b>C</b>ircumstantial = court draws logical inference from indirect facts",
     "<b>H</b>earsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible",
     "Doctor's evidence = OPINION = corroborative (supports, does not prove by itself)"]
), SP]

# ── S9: DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE (3 types) ─────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("9.  DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – 3 KEY TYPES"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "1. Medical Certificates",
    "Documents by a doctor certifying ill-health, insanity, age, disability, etc. "
    "Must be truthful. FALSE certificate = offence (Section 234, BNS). "
    "<b>Retention:</b> Indoor records = 3 years (NMC) / 8 years (DGHS); Outdoor = not mandatory (NMC)."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "2. Medico-Legal Report (MLR / MLC Report)",
    "Written report by a doctor after examining a medicolegal case. Contains history, "
    "clinical findings, and medical opinion. Once signed = LEGAL DOCUMENT admissible as evidence.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "3. Dying Declaration – Section 26, BSA  (old Section 32, IEA)",
    "Statement by a DYING PERSON about the cause/circumstances of their death. "
    "Rules: (a) No oath required. (b) Oral, written, or gestures/signs. "
    "(c) Must be VOLUNTARY – no coaching. (d) Person must be in FIT STATE OF MIND (doctor certifies). "
    "(e) Ideally recorded by MAGISTRATE; if unavailable, by doctor or police. "
    "(f) Person need NOT actually die for it to be valid. "
    "(g) Can ALONE be the basis for conviction if reliable.",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Dying Declaration – 'FOVG MAD'",
    ["<b>F</b>it state of mind (doctor certifies)",
     "<b>O</b>ath NOT required",
     "<b>V</b>oluntary (no coaching/pressure)",
     "<b>G</b>estures allowed (oral / written / signs)",
     "<b>M</b>agistrate records ideally (doctor / police if not available)",
     "<b>A</b>lone sufficient for conviction (if reliable)",
     "<b>D</b>eath NOT necessary for validity"]
), SP]

# ── S10: WITNESSES ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("10. WITNESSES – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition"],
    [
        ["Ordinary / Common Witness",
         "States facts PERSONALLY OBSERVED. No professional opinion."],
        ["Expert Witness",
         "Special knowledge/skill gives a PROFESSIONAL OPINION to help the court. "
         "Can refer to standard textbooks; if the expert adopts a passage as their own view, it is treated as their evidence. "
         "Opinion can be challenged by quoting standard textbooks."],
        ["Hostile Witness (Sec 227, BNS)",
         "Turns against the side that called them – conceals truth or gives false evidence. "
         "Court declares hostile on request of the summoning lawyer. "
         "Once hostile: the SAME SIDE'S lawyer can cross-examine them."],
    ],
    cw=[4.0*cm,13.4*cm]
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Doctor as BOTH Common AND Expert Witness",
    "(1) <b>COMMON witness</b> – describes OBSERVABLE findings (wound size, location, colour). "
    "(2) <b>EXPERT witness</b> – gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION on cause of death, ante-mortem vs. "
    "post-mortem nature, or suicidal/homicidal/accidental classification.",
    bg=LIGHT_BLUE
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Common vs. Expert: SEE vs. THINK",
    ["<b>COMMON</b> = Describes what he <b>SEES</b> (observations = facts)",
     "<b>EXPERT</b> = States what he <b>THINKS</b> (interpretation = opinion)",
     "Example: 'Wound is 3 cm long' → Common | 'Wound is antemortem &amp; homicidal' → Expert"]
), SP]

# ── S11: PERJURY ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("11. PERJURY"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Perjury (Definition) – Sections 227 &amp; 228, BNS  /  Section 383, BNSS",
    "Giving WILFUL FALSE or FABRICATED evidence under oath. Whoever, being legally bound by oath, "
    "makes any FALSE statement which he knows or believes to be false. "
    "It occurs when sworn statements at two different times completely contradict each other. "
    "<b>PUNISHMENT: Imprisonment up to 7 YEARS [Section 229, BNS].</b>",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "Perjury = 7-year Penalty for False Play",
    ["<b>P</b>erjury = <b>P</b>urposely lying under oath",
     "Punishment = <b>7 years</b> imprisonment (Section 229, BNS)",
     "Applies to doctors too – falsifying a post-mortem report = perjury",
     "Doctor may SIT in court unless lawyers for the accused object"]
), SP]

# ── S12: ORDER OF EXAMINATION ───────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("12. ORDER OF EXAMINATION IN COURT – Section 143, BSA", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Step","Name","Who Asks","Purpose"],
    [
        ["1st","Examination-in-Chief","Lawyer who <b>CALLED</b> the witness",
         "Establish facts; leading questions NOT allowed"],
        ["2nd","Cross-Examination","Lawyer on the <b>OPPOSITE</b> side",
         "Challenge/discredit; leading questions ARE allowed"],
        ["3rd","Re-Examination","Original (calling) lawyer <b>AGAIN</b>",
         "Clarify ONLY new matters from cross; cannot revisit old topics"],
    ],
    cw=[1.5*cm,4.2*cm,5.5*cm,6.2*cm]
))
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "E-C-R: Every Court has Rounds",
    ["<b>E</b>xamination-in-chief ➜ <b>C</b>ross-examination ➜ <b>R</b>e-examination",
     "Re-examination = LIMITED to new matters raised in cross",
     "Leading questions: FORBIDDEN in exam-in-chief | ALLOWED in cross-examination"]
), SP]

# ── S13: DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT ───────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("13. DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT"), SPSM]
story += blist([
    "Appear promptly when summoned; carry the summons",
    "Bring <b>certified copies</b> of MLR/PM reports (NOT originals)",
    "Give honest, impartial, objective opinion – do NOT favour prosecution OR defence",
    "Answer ONLY what is asked – do not volunteer extra information",
    "Say 'I don't know' or 'I don't remember' rather than guessing",
    "Remain calm and polite; do NOT argue with lawyers",
    "Ask the judge for clarification if a question is confusing",
    "May refer to standard textbooks with the court's permission",
    "May request to be seated – usually granted unless accused's lawyers object",
    "Use simple, non-technical language when explaining medical findings",
])
story += [SPSM, mnbox(
    "GOLDEN RULE: You are the Court's Medical Expert – be IMPARTIAL",
    ["Your job = help the court find the TRUTH, not 'win' a case for either side",
     "If your written report says X and you say Y in court → damages your credibility",
     "Honest + clear + impartial = highest standard for a medical witness"]
), SP]

story.append(PageBreak())

# ── S14: QUICK REVISION TABLE ───────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("14. QUICK REVISION – ALL KEY DEFINITIONS AT A GLANCE", bg=TEAL), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Term","Quick Definition / Key Fact"],
    [
        ["Inquest","Official inquiry into CAUSE OF DEATH in unnatural/suspicious deaths"],
        ["Police Inquest","Sub-Inspector | Sec 194, BNSS | ALL unnatural deaths | Panchanama"],
        ["Magistrate's Inquest","Executive Magistrate | Sec 195, BNSS | 4 D's: Custody, Dowry, Dig-up, Disturbed"],
        ["Cognizable Offence","SERIOUS; police arrest WITHOUT warrant, investigate WITHOUT magistrate"],
        ["Non-Cognizable Offence","MINOR; need warrant to arrest + magistrate order to investigate"],
        ["Summons","Court order to appear; MUST comply; failure = contempt of court"],
        ["Conduct Money","Travel + allowance from court; doctor CAN REFUSE if NOT paid"],
        ["Evidence (BSA)","Statements by witnesses + documents produced before court"],
        ["Direct Evidence","Eyewitness; personally saw the fact in issue"],
        ["Circumstantial Evidence","Indirect facts; court draws logical inference (Sec 4, BSA)"],
        ["Hearsay Evidence","Heard from someone else; generally NOT admissible"],
        ["Primary Evidence","ORIGINAL document before the court"],
        ["Secondary Evidence","Certified copies / copies compared with original (Sec 58, BSA)"],
        ["Medical Certificate","False cert = offence Sec 234 BNS; Retention 3 yrs (NMC) / 8 yrs (DGHS)"],
        ["Dying Declaration","Sec 26 BSA; no oath; voluntary; fit mind; ALONE sufficient for conviction"],
        ["Common Witness","States FACTS personally observed – no opinion"],
        ["Expert Witness","Gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION; can refer to textbooks"],
        ["Hostile Witness","Turns against calling side (Sec 227 BNS); cross-examined by SAME side"],
        ["Perjury","Wilful false evidence under oath; 7 YEARS imprisonment (Sec 229 BNS)"],
        ["Examination-in-Chief","1st – by lawyer who called the witness"],
        ["Cross-Examination","2nd – by OPPOSITE side's lawyer"],
        ["Re-Examination","3rd – by original lawyer; ONLY on new matters from cross"],
        ["BNS","Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita – Act 45/2023 – replaces IPC – CRIMES &amp; PUNISHMENTS"],
        ["BNSS","Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita – Act 46/2023 – replaces CrPC – PROCEDURE"],
        ["BSA","Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam – Act 47/2023 – replaces IEA – EVIDENCE"],
    ],
    cw=[4.5*cm,12.9*cm]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S15: MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET ─────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("15. MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET – ALL IN ONE"), SPSM]
for title, lines in [
    ("BNS / BNSS / BSA",
     ["BNS (45) = Blames → defines CRIMES",
      "BNSS (46) = Brings to court → PROCEDURE",
      "BSA (47) = Backs with proof → EVIDENCE",
      '"BNS punishes ➜ BNSS processes ➜ BSA proves"  |  Acts: 45, 46, 47 (consecutive!)']),
    ("Magistrate Inquest – 4 D's",
     ["Death in custody","Dowry death (within 5 yrs)","Dig up (exhumation)","Disturbed mind death (mental hospital)"]),
    ("Cognizable = C = Can arrest without warrant",
     ["Cognizable → Cop can arrest, Can investigate independently",
      "Non-Cognizable → needs warrant + magistrate permission"]),
    ("7 Punishments – DeLRSI-FF-C",
     ["Death | Life | Rigorous | Simple | Imprisonment | Fine | Forfeiture | Community service",
      "Community Service = NEW in BNS (not in old IPC) → always in MCQs!"]),
    ("Dying Declaration – FOVG MAD",
     ["Fit mind | Oath not required | Voluntary | Gestures allowed",
      "Magistrate records ideally | Alone sufficient for conviction | Death not necessary"]),
    ("Order of Examination – E-C-R",
     ['"Every Court has Rounds"',
      "Examination-in-chief ➜ Cross-examination ➜ Re-examination",
      "Re-examination = ONLY new matters from cross"]),
    ("Doctor as Witness – SEE vs. THINK",
     ["COMMON = Describes what he SEES (observations = facts)",
      "EXPERT = States what he THINKS (interpretation = opinion)"]),
    ("Perjury – 7-year Penalty",
     ["Perjury = Purposely lying under oath",
      "7 years imprisonment (Section 229, BNS)"]),
    ("Evidence Types – D-C-H",
     ["Direct = personally witnessed",
      "Circumstantial = court draws logical inference from indirect facts",
      "Hearsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible"]),
]:
    story.append(mnbox(title, lines))
    story.append(SPSM)

story.append(SP)

# Footer
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=TEAL))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Source: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology, 36th Edition (2026) – "
    "KS Narayan Reddy &amp; O P Murty  |  Study aid generated by Orris",
    smn
))

doc.build(story)
print("PDF created:", OUTPUT)

cd /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure && python create_pdf.py 2>&1

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/

SBN Manual Forensic Medicine Toxicology Nepal laws legal procedure courts

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/307205271/Nepalese-Legal…

Nepal Muluki Ain Muluki Penal Code Criminal Procedure Code Evidence Act courts hierarchy forensic medicine legal procedure

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/legal-procedure-in-crim…

rm /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/create_pdf.py

~/forensic-legal-procedure/create_nepal_pdf.py

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.styles import ParagraphStyle
from reportlab.lib.units import cm
from reportlab.platypus import (
    SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle,
    HRFlowable, PageBreak
)
from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_CENTER, TA_LEFT, TA_JUSTIFY

OUTPUT = "/home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/Legal_Procedure_Forensic_Nepal_Student.pdf"

NAVY        = colors.HexColor("#1A2B5A")
TEAL        = colors.HexColor("#0077B6")
ORANGE      = colors.HexColor("#F4A400")
CRIMSON     = colors.HexColor("#8B0000")   # Nepal flag red
NEPAL_RED   = colors.HexColor("#C41E3A")
LIGHT_BLUE  = colors.HexColor("#E8F4FD")
LIGHT_GOLD  = colors.HexColor("#FFF8E7")
LIGHT_GREEN = colors.HexColor("#E8F8F2")
LIGHT_RED   = colors.HexColor("#FEF0F0")
LIGHT_PINK  = colors.HexColor("#FFF0F3")
WHITE       = colors.white
GREY_BG     = colors.HexColor("#F5F5F5")
DARK_GREY   = colors.HexColor("#333333")
MED_GREY    = colors.HexColor("#666666")

doc = SimpleDocTemplate(
    OUTPUT, pagesize=A4,
    rightMargin=1.8*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm,
    topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm,
    title="Legal Procedure - Forensic Medicine (Nepal Edition)",
    author="Orris Study Aid",
)

def S(name, **kw):
    return ParagraphStyle(name, **kw)

h1s  = S("h1s", fontSize=13, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          alignment=TA_LEFT, spaceAfter=3, leading=17, leftIndent=4)
h2s  = S("h2s", fontSize=11, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          spaceBefore=5, spaceAfter=3, leading=15)
h3s  = S("h3s", fontSize=10, textColor=TEAL, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
          spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=2, leading=13)
bdy  = S("bdy", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
          leading=14, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY)
blt  = S("blt", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
          leading=14, leftIndent=14, spaceAfter=2)
smn  = S("smn", fontSize=8.5, textColor=MED_GREY, fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",
          leading=12, spaceAfter=3, alignment=TA_CENTER)

def P(txt, **kw):
    st = S("_p", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
           leading=13, alignment=TA_LEFT, **kw)
    return Paragraph(txt, st)

def PH(txt):
    return Paragraph(txt, S("_ph", fontSize=9, textColor=WHITE, fontName="Helvetica-Bold",
                              alignment=TA_CENTER, leading=12))

def sec(text, bg=NAVY):
    t = Table([[Paragraph(text, h1s)]], colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 8),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
    ]))
    return t

def nepal_sec(text):
    """Section header with Nepal crimson colour for Nepal-specific sections."""
    return sec(text, bg=NEPAL_RED)

def defbox(term, defn, bg=LIGHT_BLUE):
    rows = [
        [Paragraph("<b>"+term+"</b>",
                   S("_dt", fontSize=10, textColor=NAVY, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))],
        [Paragraph(defn,
                   S("_db", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
                     leading=13, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY))],
    ]
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.5, TEAL),
    ]))
    return t

def nepalbox(term, defn):
    """Defbox with Nepal red border – for Nepal-specific content."""
    rows = [
        [Paragraph("<b>"+term+"</b>",
                   S("_ndt", fontSize=10, textColor=NEPAL_RED, fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))],
        [Paragraph(defn,
                   S("_ndb", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY, fontName="Helvetica",
                     leading=13, alignment=TA_JUSTIFY))],
    ]
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), LIGHT_PINK),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.8, NEPAL_RED),
    ]))
    return t

def mnbox(title, lines, gold=True):
    bg = LIGHT_GOLD if gold else colors.HexColor("#FFE8EC")
    bdr = ORANGE if gold else NEPAL_RED
    title_col = colors.HexColor("#7B4F00") if gold else NEPAL_RED
    rows = [[Paragraph("<b>MNEMONIC: "+title+"</b>",
                       S("_mt", fontSize=10, textColor=title_col,
                         fontName="Helvetica-Bold", leading=14))]]
    for line in lines:
        rows.append([Paragraph(line,
                                S("_ml", fontSize=9.5, textColor=DARK_GREY,
                                  fontName="Helvetica", leading=13, leftIndent=10))])
    t = Table(rows, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,-1), bg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 10),
        ("BOX", (0,0), (-1,-1), 1, bdr),
        ("LINEBELOW", (0,0), (-1,0), 1, bdr),
    ]))
    return t

def ctbl(headers, rows, cw, hbg=NAVY):
    data = [[PH(h) for h in headers]]
    for row in rows:
        data.append([P(str(c)) for c in row])
    t = Table(data, colWidths=cw)
    t.setStyle(TableStyle([
        ("BACKGROUND", (0,0), (-1,0), hbg),
        ("TOPPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("BOTTOMPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 5),
        ("LEFTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("RIGHTPADDING", (0,0), (-1,-1), 7),
        ("GRID", (0,0), (-1,-1), 0.4, colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
        ("ROWBACKGROUNDS", (0,1), (-1,-1), [WHITE, GREY_BG]),
        ("VALIGN", (0,0), (-1,-1), "TOP"),
    ]))
    return t

def blist(items):
    return [Paragraph("• " + item, blt) for item in items]

SP   = Spacer(1, 0.28*cm)
SPSM = Spacer(1, 0.14*cm)

# ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
story = []

# ── COVER ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
cr = [
    [Paragraph("FORENSIC MEDICINE",
               S("ct",fontSize=20,textColor=WHITE,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=26))],
    [Paragraph("Legal Procedure",
               S("cs",fontSize=16,textColor=ORANGE,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=22))],
    [Paragraph("Nepal Edition – Complete Definitions &amp; Mnemonics",
               S("cu",fontSize=11,textColor=LIGHT_BLUE,fontName="Helvetica",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=15))],
    [Spacer(1,0.1*cm)],
    [Paragraph("Nepal Laws from <i>SBN's Manual of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology</i>",
               S("cs2",fontSize=9.5,textColor=colors.HexColor("#FFD700"),fontName="Helvetica-BoldOblique",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=13))],
    [Paragraph("Other Topics from <i>KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)</i>",
               S("cr",fontSize=9,textColor=LIGHT_BLUE,fontName="Helvetica-Oblique",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=12))],
]
cv = Table(cr, colWidths=[17.4*cm])
cv.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(-1,-1),NAVY),
    ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),9),
    ("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),9),
    ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),14),
    ("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),14),
    ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1),2.5,NEPAL_RED),
]))
story += [cv, SP]

# Source legend
legend_rows = [
    [Paragraph("COLOUR GUIDE", S("lg0",fontSize=9,textColor=WHITE,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",alignment=TA_CENTER,leading=12)),
     Paragraph("NAVY/TEAL header = Content from <b>KS Narayan Reddy</b>", S("lg1",fontSize=9,textColor=DARK_GREY,fontName="Helvetica",leading=12)),
     Paragraph("RED header/box = Content from <b>Nepal Laws (SBN's Manual)</b>", S("lg2",fontSize=9,textColor=NEPAL_RED,fontName="Helvetica-Bold",leading=12))],
]
leg = Table(legend_rows, colWidths=[3.5*cm,7.0*cm,6.9*cm])
leg.setStyle(TableStyle([
    ("BACKGROUND",(0,0),(0,-1),NAVY),
    ("BACKGROUND",(1,0),(1,-1),LIGHT_BLUE),
    ("BACKGROUND",(2,0),(2,-1),LIGHT_PINK),
    ("TOPPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),("BOTTOMPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),5),
    ("LEFTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),7),("RIGHTPADDING",(0,0),(-1,-1),7),
    ("BOX",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,colors.HexColor("#AAAAAA")),
    ("GRID",(0,0),(-1,-1),0.3,colors.HexColor("#CCCCCC")),
]))
story += [leg, SP]

# ── S1: NEPAL LAWS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [nepal_sec("1.  THE LAWS OF NEPAL  [From SBN's Manual]"), SPSM]
story.append(Paragraph(
    "Nepal has its own distinct legal codes. The three foundational laws governing forensic medicine practice in Nepal are:",
    bdy))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Law","Nepali Name / Year","What It Does"],
    [
        ["Substantive Criminal Law",
         "<b>Muluki Penal (Code) Act / National Penal Code Act</b>\n2074 BS (2017 AD) – in force from 17 August 2018",
         "Defines criminal offences and prescribes punishments. "
         "Replaced the old Muluki Ain (1963). Covers murder, assault, rape, theft, property crimes, etc."],
        ["Criminal Procedure Law",
         "<b>Muluki Criminal Procedure (Code) Act / National Criminal Procedure (Code) Act</b>\n2074 BS (2017 AD)",
         "Provides the mechanism and procedure for criminal investigation, prosecution, and trial. "
         "Governs police duties, arrest, investigation, court proceedings, and appeals."],
        ["Evidence Law",
         "<b>Evidence Act (Saboot Ain)</b>\nRelevant provisions in the National Civil Code and Criminal Procedure Code",
         "Governs the collection, preservation, and admissibility of evidence in all courts. "
         "Applies to both criminal and civil proceedings."],
    ],
    cw=[3.5*cm,5.2*cm,8.7*cm], hbg=NEPAL_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(nepalbox(
    "Historical Background",
    "Nepal's legal system was traditionally governed by the <b>Muluki Ain</b> (first enacted 1854 AD / 1910 BS, "
    "reformed in 1963). This served as both civil and criminal code for over 150 years. "
    "It was finally replaced in 2018 by three modern codes: the National Penal Code, the National Criminal "
    "Procedure Code, and the National Civil Code – bringing Nepal's law in line with international standards."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Nepal's 3 Laws – Penal / Procedure / Evidence",
    ["<b>Penal Code (2074)</b> = defines CRIMES and punishments (= India's BNS)",
     "<b>Criminal Procedure Code (2074)</b> = HOW crimes are investigated and tried (= India's BNSS)",
     "<b>Evidence Act</b> = what counts as EVIDENCE in court (= India's BSA)",
     "All enacted 2017, came into force 17 August 2018 – remember this year!"],
    gold=False
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S2: TYPES OF LAW ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [nepal_sec("2.  TYPES OF CASES IN NEPAL  [From SBN's Manual]"), SPSM]
story.append(nepalbox(
    "Classification of Cases – Section 9, Muluki Ain",
    "Cases in Nepal are classified into two groups under Section 9 of the Muluki Ain: "
    "(A) <b>Civil Cases</b> and (B) <b>Criminal Cases</b>."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition","Examples in Nepal","Parties"],
    [
        ["Criminal Cases",
         "Offences against public interest – the State prosecutes the accused.",
         "Murder, rape, arson, assault, illegal marriage, robbery",
         "GOVERNMENT (State) vs. ACCUSED"],
        ["Civil Cases",
         "Disputes between two individuals or parties. Settled by agreement or court decision.",
         "Transactions, donations, inheritance, adoptions, trusts, partition",
         "PLAINTIFF vs. DEFENDANT"],
    ],
    cw=[2.8*cm,5.2*cm,5.8*cm,3.6*cm], hbg=NEPAL_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Nepal Cases – Criminal = State; Civil = Private",
    ["<b>Criminal</b>: Government files the case (State vs. Accused)",
     "<b>Civil</b>: Individual files the case (Plaintiff vs. Defendant)",
     "Standard of proof: Civil = Preponderance of evidence | Criminal = Beyond reasonable doubt"],
    gold=False
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S3: COURTS IN NEPAL ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [nepal_sec("3.  COURTS OF LAW IN NEPAL  [From SBN's Manual]"), SPSM]
story.append(Paragraph("Nepal has a three-tier court system under the Constitution of Nepal (2015):", bdy))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Level","Court","Jurisdiction"],
    [
        ["1 (Lowest)", "District Court (Jilla Adalat)",
         "First instance for all civil and criminal cases; can try all offences."],
        ["2 (Middle)", "High Court (Uccha Adalat) – 7 regional High Courts",
         "Hears appeals from District Courts; original jurisdiction in some matters."],
        ["3 (Highest)", "Supreme Court (Sarbochcha Adalat) – Kathmandu",
         "Final court of appeal; constitutional jurisdiction; final authority on all matters."],
    ],
    cw=[2.5*cm,5.2*cm,9.7*cm], hbg=NEPAL_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(nepalbox(
    "Special Courts in Nepal",
    "In addition to regular courts, Nepal has: "
    "<b>Special Court</b> (for corruption cases and special offences); "
    "<b>Revenue Tribunal</b> (tax matters); "
    "<b>Administrative Court</b> (disputes with government). "
    "The <b>District Court</b> is the entry point for all medicolegal cases in Nepal."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Nepal's 3-Tier Courts: District → High → Supreme",
    ["<b>District Court</b> = where all forensic/medicolegal cases start",
     "<b>High Court</b> = appeals from District Court (7 regional High Courts)",
     "<b>Supreme Court</b> = final authority; based in Kathmandu",
     "Simple: D → H → S  (like 'Doctor Has Skills')"],
    gold=False
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S4: PUNISHMENTS IN NEPAL ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [nepal_sec("4.  PUNISHMENTS UNDER NEPAL LAW  [From SBN's Manual]"), SPSM]
story.append(Paragraph("Punishments under the National Penal Code Act, 2074 (Nepal):", bdy))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["#","Type of Punishment","Description"],
    [
        ["1","Imprisonment for Life","Highest penalty in Nepal – <b>Nepal abolished the death penalty in 1990</b>"],
        ["2","Rigorous Imprisonment (with hard labour)","Fixed-term imprisonment with hard physical labour"],
        ["3","Simple Imprisonment (without hard labour)","Fixed-term imprisonment, no hard labour required"],
        ["4","Forfeiture/Confiscation of Property","State seizure of property"],
        ["5","Fine","Monetary penalty imposed by court"],
    ],
    cw=[1.0*cm,5.5*cm,10.9*cm], hbg=NEPAL_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(nepalbox(
    "KEY FACT: Nepal abolished the DEATH PENALTY in 1990",
    "Nepal's Constitution (2015) expressly prohibits the death penalty. "
    "Life imprisonment is therefore the MAXIMUM punishment in Nepal. "
    "This is a critical difference from India (which still has the death penalty). "
    "Penal powers of Nepali courts: imprisonment (life/rigorous/simple), forfeiture of property, and fine."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Nepal Punishments – No Death Penalty!",
    ["Nepal ABOLISHED death penalty in 1990 (Constitution 2015 bans it)",
     "Maximum = Life Imprisonment",
     "Types: Life | Rigorous (hard labour) | Simple | Forfeiture | Fine",
     "Remember: 'Nepal is Life-first, not Death' – maximum = LIFE"],
    gold=False
))
story.append(SP)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ── S5: INQUEST (KSNAR) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("5.  INQUEST  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "INQUEST (Definition)",
    "An official inquiry or investigation into the CAUSE OF DEATH. Conducted in: suicide, murder, "
    "killing by animal/machinery, accidents, deaths due to torture/ill-treatment, occupational diseases, "
    "suspected medical negligence, suspicious (unnatural) deaths, deaths during anaesthesia/operation, "
    "and unidentified or skeletonised bodies."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(Paragraph("Types of Inquest in Nepal:", h2s))
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Feature","Police Inquest","Magistrate's Inquest","Coroner's Inquest"],
    [
        ["Conducted By",
         "Sub-Inspector of Police (officer in charge of police station)",
         "District Magistrate / Judicial Magistrate / Executive Magistrate",
         "Coroner (doctor, lawyer, or both) – assisted by deputy coroner"],
        ["When Done",
         "On receiving any information of accidental or unnatural death – informs nearest magistrate immediately",
         "Death in prison, police custody, due to police firing, exhumation, dowry death",
         "In some jurisdictions for unnatural deaths requiring medico-legal inquiry"],
        ["Powers",
         "Draws up report on apparent cause of death; describes wounds/fractures",
         "Can examine witnesses on oath; broader powers",
         "Court of inquiry only – NOT a trial court; cannot order arrest"],
        ["Post-mortem?","YES – can order","YES – can order","YES – coroner performs PM too"],
    ],
    cw=[3.0*cm,4.8*cm,4.8*cm,4.8*cm]
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(Paragraph("Magistrate Inquest is mandatory in Nepal for:", h3s))
story += blist([
    "Death in <b>prison or police custody</b>",
    "Death due to <b>police firing</b>",
    "<b>Exhumation</b> – digging up a buried body",
    "Death classified as <b>dowry death</b>",
])
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Magistrate Inquest – 4 Situations (Nepal)",
    ["<b>Prison/Police custody death</b>",
     "<b>Police firing death</b>",
     "<b>P</b>uried body dug up (exhumation)",
     "<b>Dowry death</b>",
     "Remember: 'Police Prison Police-firing Dowry' → Magistrate investigates!"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S6: COGNIZABLE OFFENCES ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("6.  COGNIZABLE vs. NON-COGNIZABLE OFFENCES  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Cognizable Offence",
    "A SERIOUS crime where police CAN arrest WITHOUT a warrant and can investigate WITHOUT the "
    "magistrate's order. In Nepal: police send the person to the medical officer for examination "
    "directly in cognizable cases (e.g., rape). Examples: Murder, rape, robbery, arson."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Non-Cognizable Offence",
    "A MINOR crime where police CANNOT arrest without a warrant and CANNOT investigate without "
    "the magistrate's permission. Examples: Cheating, defamation, simple assault.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Cognizable = Can arrest without warrant (Both start with C!)",
    ["<b>C</b>ognizable → <b>C</b>op can arrest without warrant",
     "In Nepal: rape/cognizable offences → Sub-inspector sends person to medical officer directly",
     "Non-cognizable → Needs warrant + magistrate permission"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S7: SUMMONS & CONDUCT MONEY ────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("7.  SUMMONS (SUBPOENA) &amp; CONDUCT MONEY  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Summons / Subpoena (Definition)",
    "A document compelling the attendance of a witness in court – written in duplicates, "
    "signed by the presiding officer of the court, and bears the seal of the court. "
    "Failure to comply = Contempt of Court."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Conduct Money (Definition)",
    "Travelling expenses + daily allowance paid by the court to a summoned witness (including a doctor). "
    "A doctor has the RIGHT to REFUSE to appear if conduct money is NOT paid.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SPSM)
story += blist([
    "Doctor MUST appear when summoned",
    "If ill, must <b>inform the court in advance</b>",
    "Failure to appear = Contempt of Court",
    "CAN refuse if conduct money is NOT provided",
    "Bring <b>certified copies</b> of reports (keep originals safe)",
])
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "SUMMONS = Must Go | No Money = Can Refuse",
    ["Summons → Compulsory (you MUST attend)",
     "No conduct money? → You can legally refuse",
     "Always bring: certified copies, NOT originals"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S8: MEDICAL EVIDENCE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("8.  MEDICAL EVIDENCE – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Evidence (Definition)",
    "(1) All statements which the court permits or requires to be made before it by witnesses. "
    "(2) All documents produced for inspection of the court. "
    "NOTE: Doctor's evidence is an OPINION (corroborative) – NOT positive proof like an eyewitness."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition","Example"],
    [
        ["ORAL – Direct","Personally witnessed testimony about a fact directly in issue.","'I saw B stab A'"],
        ["ORAL – Circumstantial","Indirect evidence; court draws logical inferences.","'C saw B with a knife near the scene just before the murder'"],
        ["ORAL – Hearsay","What the witness did NOT personally see – from a third party. Generally NOT admissible.","'A says B told him C committed the crime'"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Primary","The ORIGINAL document produced before the court.","Original prescription or hospital record"],
        ["DOCUMENTARY – Secondary","Certified copies / copies compared with the original.","Certified photocopy of discharge summary"],
    ],
    cw=[3.8*cm,7.8*cm,5.8*cm]
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "D-C-H for Oral Evidence",
    ["<b>D</b>irect = personally witnessed",
     "<b>C</b>ircumstantial = court draws logical inference",
     "<b>H</b>earsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible",
     "Doctor's evidence = OPINION = corroborative (not proof by itself)"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S9: DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("9.  DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – 3 KEY TYPES  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "1. Medical Certificates",
    "Documents by a doctor certifying ill-health, insanity, age, disability, etc. "
    "Must be truthful. FALSE certificate = criminal offence. "
    "<b>Retention:</b> Indoor records = 3 years (NMC) / 8 years (DGHS); Outdoor = not mandatory."
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "2. Medico-Legal Report (MLR / MLC Report)",
    "Written report by a doctor after examining a medicolegal case – history, clinical findings, and opinion. "
    "Once signed = LEGAL DOCUMENT admissible as evidence in court.",
    bg=LIGHT_GREEN
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "3. Dying Declaration",
    "Statement by a DYING PERSON about the cause/circumstances of their death. "
    "Rules: (a) No oath required. (b) Oral, written, or gestures/signs. "
    "(c) Must be VOLUNTARY – no coaching. (d) FIT STATE OF MIND (doctor certifies). "
    "(e) Ideally recorded by MAGISTRATE; if unavailable, by doctor or police. "
    "(f) Person need NOT actually die for it to be valid. "
    "(g) Can ALONE be the basis for conviction if reliable.",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Dying Declaration – 'FOVG MAD'",
    ["<b>F</b>it state of mind | <b>O</b>ath NOT required | <b>V</b>oluntary | <b>G</b>estures allowed",
     "<b>M</b>agistrate ideally | <b>A</b>lone sufficient for conviction | <b>D</b>eath not necessary"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S10: WITNESSES ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("10. WITNESSES – TYPES &amp; DEFINITIONS  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Type","Definition"],
    [
        ["Ordinary / Common Witness","States facts PERSONALLY OBSERVED. No professional opinion."],
        ["Expert Witness","Special knowledge gives a PROFESSIONAL OPINION to help the court. "
         "Can refer to textbooks; if expert adopts a passage as their view, it is treated as their evidence."],
        ["Hostile Witness","Turns against the side that called them. "
         "Court declares hostile; the SAME SIDE'S lawyer can then cross-examine them."],
    ],
    cw=[4.0*cm,13.4*cm]
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(defbox(
    "Doctor as BOTH Common AND Expert Witness",
    "(1) <b>COMMON witness</b> – describes OBSERVABLE findings (wound size, location, colour). "
    "(2) <b>EXPERT witness</b> – gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION on cause of death, ante-mortem vs. post-mortem, "
    "or suicidal/homicidal/accidental classification.",
    bg=LIGHT_BLUE
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "SEE vs. THINK",
    ["COMMON = Describes what he <b>SEES</b> (observations = facts)",
     "EXPERT = States what he <b>THINKS</b> (interpretation = opinion)",
     "'Wound is 3 cm long' → Common | 'Wound is antemortem and homicidal' → Expert"]
))
story.append(SP)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ── S11: PERJURY ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("11. PERJURY  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(defbox(
    "Perjury (Definition)",
    "Giving WILFUL FALSE or FABRICATED evidence under oath. Whoever, being legally bound by oath, "
    "makes any FALSE statement which he knows or believes to be false. "
    "It occurs when sworn statements at two different times completely contradict each other. "
    "<b>PUNISHMENT: Imprisonment up to 7 YEARS.</b>",
    bg=LIGHT_RED
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "Perjury = 7-year Penalty for False Play",
    ["<b>P</b>erjury = <b>P</b>urposely lying under oath",
     "Punishment = <b>7 years</b> imprisonment",
     "Applies to doctors too – falsifying a post-mortem report = perjury",
     "Doctor may sit in court unless lawyers for the accused object"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S12: ORDER OF EXAMINATION ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("12. ORDER OF EXAMINATION IN COURT  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Step","Name","Who Asks","Purpose"],
    [
        ["1st","Examination-in-Chief","Lawyer who <b>CALLED</b> the witness","Establish facts; leading questions NOT allowed"],
        ["2nd","Cross-Examination","Lawyer on the <b>OPPOSITE</b> side","Challenge/discredit; leading questions ARE allowed"],
        ["3rd","Re-Examination","Original (calling) lawyer <b>AGAIN</b>","Clarify ONLY new matters from cross"],
    ],
    cw=[1.5*cm,4.2*cm,5.5*cm,6.2*cm]
))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "E-C-R: Every Court has Rounds",
    ["<b>E</b>xamination-in-chief → <b>C</b>ross-examination → <b>R</b>e-examination",
     "Re-examination = LIMITED to new matters from cross",
     "Leading questions: FORBIDDEN in exam-in-chief | ALLOWED in cross"]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S13: DOCTOR'S DUTIES ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("13. DOCTOR'S DUTIES IN COURT  [From KS Narayan Reddy]"), SPSM]
story += blist([
    "Appear promptly when summoned; carry the summons",
    "Bring <b>certified copies</b> of MLR/PM reports (NOT originals)",
    "Give honest, impartial, objective opinion – do NOT favour prosecution OR defence",
    "Answer ONLY what is asked – do not volunteer extra information",
    "Say 'I don't know' or 'I don't remember' rather than guessing",
    "Remain calm and polite; do NOT argue with lawyers",
    "Ask the judge for clarification if a question is confusing",
    "May refer to standard textbooks with the court's permission",
    "May request to be seated – usually granted unless accused's lawyers object",
    "Use simple, non-technical language when explaining medical findings",
])
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(mnbox(
    "GOLDEN RULE: You are the Court's Medical Expert – be IMPARTIAL",
    ["Your job = help the court find the TRUTH, not to 'win' a case",
     "If your written report says X and you say Y in court → damages credibility",
     "Honest + clear + impartial = highest standard for a medical witness"]
))
story.append(SP)

story.append(PageBreak())

# ── S14: COMPARISON TABLE (India vs. Nepal) ────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("14. INDIA vs. NEPAL – KEY DIFFERENCES FOR EXAM  [Comparative]", bg=colors.HexColor("#2D5A27")), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Topic","India (KS Narayan Reddy)","Nepal (SBN's Manual)"],
    [
        ["Penal Law","BNS – Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (Act 45/2023)","National Penal (Code) Act / Muluki Penal Code (2074 BS / 2017 AD)"],
        ["Procedure Law","BNSS – Bharatiya Nagarika Suraksha Sanhita (Act 46/2023)","National Criminal Procedure (Code) Act (2074 BS / 2017 AD)"],
        ["Evidence Law","BSA – Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (Act 47/2023)","Evidence Act / provisions within Criminal Procedure Code"],
        ["Death Penalty","YES – awarded by Sessions Court","<b>ABOLISHED in 1990</b> – Life imprisonment is maximum"],
        ["Court Hierarchy (lowest→highest)","Executive Magistrate → Sessions Court → High Court → Supreme Court","District Court → High Court → Supreme Court (3-tier system)"],
        ["Inquest Types","Police + Magistrate (2 types)","Police + Magistrate + Coroner (3 types)"],
        ["Magistrate Inquest triggers","Custody, Dowry, Exhumation, Mental hospital (4 D's)","Prison/custody, Police firing, Exhumation, Dowry death"],
        ["Classification of cases","Civil vs. Criminal (based on BNS/BNSS)","Civil vs. Criminal – classified under Section 9, Muluki Ain"],
        ["Perjury punishment","7 years imprisonment (Sec 229, BNS)","Imprisonment (term varies by Nepal Penal Code)"],
    ],
    cw=[4.0*cm,6.7*cm,6.7*cm], hbg=colors.HexColor("#2D5A27")
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S15: QUICK REVISION ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("15. QUICK REVISION – ALL KEY DEFINITIONS AT A GLANCE"), SPSM]
story.append(ctbl(
    ["Term","Quick Definition / Key Fact","Source"],
    [
        ["National Penal Code (2074)","Nepal's substantive criminal law; replaces old Muluki Ain; in force Aug 2018","Nepal"],
        ["Criminal Procedure Code (2074)","Nepal's procedure for criminal investigation and trial; in force Aug 2018","Nepal"],
        ["Muluki Ain","Old General Code of Nepal (1963); replaced in 2018 by modern codes","Nepal"],
        ["Death Penalty","ABOLISHED in Nepal (1990/2015 Constitution); max = LIFE imprisonment","Nepal"],
        ["Nepal Court Hierarchy","District Court → High Court → Supreme Court (3 tiers)","Nepal"],
        ["Inquest","Official inquiry into CAUSE OF DEATH in unnatural/suspicious deaths","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Police Inquest","Sub-Inspector; ALL unnatural deaths; draws report; informs magistrate","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Magistrate's Inquest","Prison/custody death, police firing, exhumation, dowry death","Both"],
        ["Coroner's Inquest","Doctor/lawyer as coroner; court of inquiry only – NOT a trial court","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Cognizable Offence","SERIOUS; police arrest WITHOUT warrant; investigate WITHOUT magistrate","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Non-Cognizable Offence","MINOR; need warrant to arrest + magistrate order to investigate","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Summons","Court order to appear; MUST comply; signed by presiding officer + court seal","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Conduct Money","Travel + allowance; doctor CAN REFUSE if NOT paid","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Evidence","Witness statements + documents before court","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Direct Evidence","Eyewitness; personally saw the fact","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Circumstantial Evidence","Indirect; court draws logical inference","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Hearsay Evidence","Heard from someone else; generally NOT admissible","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Dying Declaration","No oath; voluntary; fit mind; ALONE sufficient for conviction","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Common Witness","States FACTS personally observed – no opinion","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Expert Witness","Gives PROFESSIONAL OPINION; can refer to textbooks","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Hostile Witness","Turns against calling side; cross-examined by SAME side","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Perjury","Wilful false evidence under oath; up to 7 years imprisonment","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Examination-in-Chief","1st – by lawyer who called the witness","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Cross-Examination","2nd – by OPPOSITE side's lawyer","KSN Reddy"],
        ["Re-Examination","3rd – original lawyer; ONLY new matters from cross","KSN Reddy"],
    ],
    cw=[4.0*cm,10.4*cm,3.0*cm]
))
story.append(SP)

# ── S16: MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET ───────────────────────────────────────────────
story += [sec("16. MNEMONICS MASTER SHEET – ALL IN ONE"), SPSM]
for title, lines, isnep in [
    ("Nepal's 3 Laws (2074 BS / 2017 AD)",
     ["Penal Code = defines CRIMES (like India's BNS)",
      "Criminal Procedure Code = HOW trials happen (like India's BNSS)",
      "Evidence provisions = what counts in court (like India's BSA)",
      "All came into force: 17 August 2018 – remember this date!"], True),
    ("Nepal: No Death Penalty!",
     ["Nepal ABOLISHED death penalty in 1990",
      "Constitution 2015 expressly prohibits it",
      "Maximum punishment = LIFE IMPRISONMENT",
      "'Nepal is Life-first'"], True),
    ("Nepal 3-Tier Courts: D→H→S",
     ["District Court (Jilla Adalat) = entry point for all medicolegal cases",
      "High Court (Uccha Adalat) = 7 regional courts; hears appeals",
      "Supreme Court (Sarbochcha Adalat) = final; Kathmandu",
      "Memory: 'Doctor Has Skills' = District → High → Supreme"], True),
    ("Magistrate Inquest Triggers (Nepal)",
     ["Prison/Police custody death",
      "Police firing death",
      "Exhumation (buried body dug up)",
      "Dowry death"], True),
    ("Dying Declaration – FOVG MAD",
     ["Fit mind | Oath NOT required | Voluntary | Gestures allowed",
      "Magistrate records ideally | Alone sufficient for conviction | Death not necessary"], False),
    ("Order of Examination – E-C-R",
     ['"Every Court has Rounds"',
      "Examination-in-chief → Cross-examination → Re-examination",
      "Re-examination: ONLY new matters from cross"], False),
    ("Doctor as Witness – SEE vs. THINK",
     ["COMMON = Describes what he SEES (observations)",
      "EXPERT = States what he THINKS (opinion/interpretation)"], False),
    ("Perjury – 7-year Penalty",
     ["Perjury = Purposely lying under oath",
      "Punishment = 7 years imprisonment"], False),
    ("Evidence Types – D-C-H",
     ["Direct = personally witnessed",
      "Circumstantial = court draws logical inference",
      "Hearsay = heard from someone else → generally NOT admissible"], False),
]:
    story.append(mnbox(title, lines, gold=not isnep))
    story.append(SPSM)

story.append(SP)

# Footer
story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=0.5, color=NEPAL_RED))
story.append(SPSM)
story.append(Paragraph(
    "<b>Nepal Laws:</b> SBN's Manual of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology  |  "
    "<b>Other Topics:</b> KS Narayan Reddy – Essentials of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology (36th Ed., 2026)  |  "
    "Study aid generated by Orris",
    smn
))

doc.build(story)
print("PDF created:", OUTPUT)

cd /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure && python create_nepal_pdf.p…

ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/forensic-legal-procedure/

python3 -c " import pdfplumber path = '/home/daytona/workspace/attachments/a09a3…