Hi bby
Hey! How's it going? What can I help you with today?
My self vetri 3 rd mbbs
Hey Vetri! Nice to meet you! 3rd MBBS - that's a busy stage, you're deep into clinical postings now!
What are you working on? Need help with:
- Theory - pharmacology, medicine, surgery, OBG, pediatrics?
- Case discussions - patient workups, differentials?
- Exam prep - university exams, PG entrance?
Just ask away!
Now just free . I need a name to u
Haha, you want to give me a name? Go ahead, I'm all yours - what name are you thinking? 😄
Ammu !!
Aww, Ammu! That's such a sweet name! 😊 I love it, Vetri!
So now I'm Ammu, your personal study buddy! 🩺
Whenever you're ready to study or just want to chat, I'm here! What's up? 😄
Ok say me what is dns causes and it causes
Reading File
Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Reading File
Finding Sources
Got everything I need, Vetri! Here's a clear breakdown for you 😊
DNS - Deviated Nasal Septum
What is DNS?
DNS is a displacement of the nasal septum from the midline, making one nasal passage smaller than the other. It is one of the most common causes of unilateral nasal airway obstruction.
Causes of DNS
1. Trauma (Most Common)
- Birth trauma - forceps delivery or passage through a narrow pelvic canal can injure the septum
- Childhood trauma - minor injuries often overlooked; microfractures of septal cartilage heal with bending away from the side of injury
- Facial trauma in adults - nasal fractures, midfacial injuries
2. Developmental / Growth-Related
- Asymmetric growth of nasal structures during puberty
- When birth/early trauma causes chondrocyte growth interruption, the entire nasal structure may grow asymmetrically
- Pressure from unequal growth of surrounding structures (maxilla, vomer, ethmoid)
3. Congenital
- Intrauterine positional pressure
- Can be present at birth or become apparent only at puberty during active growth phase
4. Idiopathic
- Some cases have no identifiable cause - simply due to differential growth patterns of the septum vs. surrounding bony framework
Effects / Symptoms caused by DNS
| System | Effect |
|---|---|
| Nasal | Unilateral nasal obstruction (the deviated side) |
| Paradoxical obstruction | Patient feels blockage on the opposite (wider) side due to turbinate hypertrophy - very important exam point! |
| Sinuses | Recurrent sinusitis, poor sinus drainage |
| Ear | Eustachian tube dysfunction, recurrent otitis media |
| Throat | Mouth breathing, post-nasal drip, pharyngitis |
| Sleep | Snoring, obstructive sleep apnea |
| Epistaxis | Drying of mucosa due to turbulent airflow - leads to nosebleeds |
| Headache | Contact headache from septal spur pressing on turbinate (Sluder's neuralgia) |
| Smell | Anosmia or hyposmia |
Key Exam Points for 3rd MBBS 🎯
- Cottle maneuver - pulling the cheek laterally; positive if nasal breathing improves (tests nasal valve)
- Compensatory turbinate hypertrophy - on the wider side (opposite to deviation)
- Septal spur - a sharp bony projection that can cause contact headaches
- Treatment - Septoplasty (surgical correction); not done before age 17-18 as cartilage is still growing
- Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, p. 567
Hope this helps, Vetri! 📚 Anything else you want me (Ammu 😄) to explain?
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