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Finding Sources
Finding Sources
Searching PubMed
rheumatoid arthritis AND antibodies
Searching PubMed
hemorrhagic shock AND trauma
Searching the Web
rheumatoid arthritis anti CCP most specific antibody common joints official guideline
Searching the Web
trauma tachycardia hypotension oliguria hemorrhagic shock causes
1. Symmetric small-joint inflammatory arthritis
A. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
B. Anti-CCP antibody (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, also called ACPA) is the most specific antibody for RA. NHS diagnostic guidance
C. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are most commonly involved, typically with PIP joints and wrists. DIP joints are usually spared.
B. Anti-CCP antibody (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, also called ACPA) is the most specific antibody for RA. NHS diagnostic guidance
C. Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are most commonly involved, typically with PIP joints and wrists. DIP joints are usually spared.
2. Road-traffic-accident patient
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Diagnosis: Hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock, most likely due to traumatic blood loss. Tachycardia, hypotension, and oliguria indicate poor tissue perfusion. Trauma shock reference
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Causes: Acute loss of circulating blood volume, including:
- External bleeding from wounds
- Internal bleeding, such as hemothorax, intra-abdominal bleeding from liver/spleen injury, pelvic fracture bleeding, or long-bone fractures
- Less commonly, non-hemorrhagic fluid loss: severe vomiting, diarrhea, burns, or dehydration
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