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        "(1) A doctor should not discuss the illness of his patient with others without the consent of the patient.",
        "(2) If the patient is a major, the doctor should not disclose any facts about the illness without his consent to parents or relatives even though they may be paying the doctor's fees. In the case of a minor or an insane person, guardians or parents should be informed of the nature of the illness.",
        "(3) A doctor should not answer any enquiry by third parties, even when enquired by near relatives of the patient, either with regard to the nature of the illness or with regard to any subsequent effect of such illness on the patient, without the consent of the patient.",
        "(4) A doctor should not disclose any information about the illness of his patient, without the consent of the patient, even when requested by a public or statutory body, except in case of notifiable diseases.",
        "(5) Even in the case of husband and wife, the facts relating to the nature of illness of the one, must not be disclosed to the other, without the consent of the concerned person.",
        "(6) In divorce and nullity cases, no information should be given without getting the consent of the person concerned.",
        "(7) Medical Officers in Government service are also bound by the code of professional secrecy, even when the patient is treated free.",
        "(8) When a doctor examines a Government servant on behalf of the Government, he cannot disclose the nature of illness to the Government without the patient's consent.",
        "(9) When a domestic servant is examined at the request of the master, the doctor should not disclose any facts about the illness to the master without the consent of the servant, even though the master is paying the fees.",
        "(10) The medical officer of a firm or factory should not disclose the result of his examination of an employee to the employer without the consent of the employee.",
        "(11) A person in police custody as an under-trial prisoner has the right not to permit the doctor who has examined him, to disclose the nature of his illness to any person. If a person is convicted, he has no such right and the doctor can disclose the result to the authorities.",
        "(12) In reporting a case in any medical journal, care should be taken that the patient's identity is not revealed from the case notes or photographs.",
        "(13) In the examination of a dead body certain facts may be found, the disclosure of which may affect the reputation of the deceased or cause anguish to his relatives, and as such, the doctor should maintain secrecy.",
        "(14) The medical examination for taking out life insurance policy is a voluntary act by the examinee and therefore, consent to the disclosure of the finding may be taken as implied."
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      // ─── PART II HEADING ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
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      // (1) Infectious Diseases
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            text: "An engine driver or a bus driver may be suffering from epilepsy, high blood pressure, alcoholism, drug addiction, or colour blindness. The doctor should persuade the patient to change his employment, because of the danger of his present occupation, both to himself and to the public. If this fails, the doctor should inform the employer, that the patient is unfit for that kind of employment.",
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            text: "In all cases, the doctor should appeal to the Judge, before disclosing a professional secret. The doctor may request the Judge that he will give the information in writing, so that it is not made public. The witness should not voluntarily disclose information either in Court or out of it, but ",
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      // ─── PHYSICIAN'S RESPONSIBILITY IN CRIMINAL MATTERS ──────────────────
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            text: "In medicolegal cases, treatment gets priority. Thereafter procedural criminal law will operate. ",
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            text: "A doctor who is aware of the commission of crimes, such as murder, dacoity, waging war against the lawful Government, helping the escape of prisoners, etc., is legally bound to report them to the nearest Magistrate or police officer (S.39, Cr.P.C., S.176, I.P.C.). The doctor knowing or having reason to believe that an offence has been committed by a patient whom he is treating, intentionally omits to inform the police, shall be punished with imprisonment upto 6 months (S.202, I.P.C.).",
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            text: "The practitioner should hand over to the police a man whom, from the nature of injury, he may suspect to be an assailant in a murder case. But, if he treats a person who has attempted to commit suicide, he is not legally bound to report, but if the person dies he has to inform the police.",
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  { text: "Legal basis and implied contract" },
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  { text: "" },
  { text: "Part 2: Privileged Communication — Definition", bold: true, color: C.accent },
  { text: "When privilege applies (and when it fails)" },
  { text: "8 Exceptions to the rule of professional secrecy" },
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  { text: "" },
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  { text: "The patient can sue the doctor for damages (mental suffering, shame, humiliation) if:", bullet: false },
  { text: "Disclosure was voluntary" },
  { text: "It resulted in harm to the patient" },
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//  SLIDE 5 — EXAMPLES 1–5
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  { text: "(1) A doctor should not discuss a patient's illness with others without the patient's consent.", bold: false },
  { text: "(2) For a major patient, facts cannot be disclosed to parents/relatives paying the fees. For a minor or insane person, guardians must be informed.", bold: false },
  { text: "(3) A doctor must not answer enquiries by third parties — even near relatives — regarding the illness or its effects, without the patient's consent.", bold: false },
  { text: "(4) A doctor must not disclose information to any public or statutory body without the patient's consent, except for notifiable diseases.", bold: false },
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//  SLIDE 6 — EXAMPLES 6–10
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  { text: "(8) A doctor examining a Government servant on behalf of the Government cannot disclose the illness to the Government without the patient's consent.", bold: false },
  { text: "(9) A doctor examining a domestic servant at the master's request must not disclose facts to the master without the servant's consent — even though the master pays the fees.", bold: false },
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  { text: "(12) In reporting a case in any medical journal, the patient's identity must not be revealed from case notes or photographs.", bold: false },
  { text: "(13) In examination of a dead body, facts that may harm the deceased's reputation or cause anguish to relatives should be kept secret by the doctor.", bold: false },
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  { text: "" },
  { text: "To be privileged:", bold: true, color: C.white },
  { text: "Communication must be made to a person having interest in it, OR" },
  { text: "In reference of which the person has a duty." },
  { text: "" },
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  { text: "Made to more than one person, OR" },
  { text: "Made to a person with no direct interest in it." },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "If the doctor discloses professional secrets to protect community interest (moral/social obligation) → he will NOT be liable to damages.", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 10 — EXCEPTIONS 1 & 2
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  "Exceptions to Professional Secrecy — Infectious & Venereal Diseases",
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    { text: "Patient with infectious disease employed as cook, waiter, food-handler, teacher, or children's nurse" },
    { text: "Doctor should persuade patient to leave job until non-infectious" },
    { text: "If patient refuses → doctor can inform the employer" },
  ],
  [
    { text: "(2) Venereal Diseases", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
    { text: "Syphilitic patient about to marry → advise not to marry till cured" },
    { text: "If patient refuses → doctor can disclose to woman/her parents" },
    { text: "Swimming pools prohibited for syphilis/gonorrhoea patients" },
    { text: "Doctor can inform hostel warden if a boarder has venereal disease" },
  ]
);

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 11 — EXCEPTIONS 3 & 4
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  "Exceptions — Servants/Employees & Notifiable Diseases",
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    { text: "(3) Servants and Employees", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
    { text: "Engine/bus driver with epilepsy, hypertension, alcoholism, drug addiction, or colour blindness" },
    { text: "Danger to self and the public" },
    { text: "Doctor persuades patient to change job" },
    { text: "If this fails → inform employer that patient is unfit" },
  ],
  [
    { text: "(4) Notifiable Diseases", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
    { text: "Statutory duty to notify:" },
    { text: "Births, deaths" },
    { text: "Infectious diseases" },
    { text: "Reported to the Public Health authorities" },
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);

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 12 — EXCEPTIONS 5 & 6
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  "Exceptions — Patient's Interest & Self-Interest",
  [
    { text: "(5) Patient's Own Interest", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
    { text: "Signs of melancholia or suicidal tendencies in patient" },
    { text: "Doctor should disclose to parents or guardians" },
    { text: "So that proper care may be taken" },
  ],
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    { text: "(6) Self-Interest", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
    { text: "In civil or criminal actions by the patient against the doctor" },
    { text: "Evidence about the patient's condition may be given by the doctor" },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 13 — EXCEPTION 7: COURTS OF LAW
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  { text: "In a Court of law, a doctor CANNOT claim privilege concerning communications between himself and his patient, if it is relevant to the inquiry before the Court.", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "Before disclosing, doctor should appeal to the Judge" },
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  { text: "Doctor is protected from civil action against breach of confidence.", bold: true, color: C.accent },
  { text: "" },
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]);

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 14 — EXCEPTION 8: SUSPECTED CRIME
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  { text: "If a doctor learns of a serious crime (murder, assault, rape, etc.) by treating the victim or assailant:", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
  { text: "He is bound to give information to the police (S.39, Cr.P.C.)" },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "Examples:", bold: true, color: C.white },
  { text: "Doctor treats a person with gunshot or stab wounds due to criminal assault → must inform police" },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "Note:", bold: true, color: C.white },
  { text: "The doctor should first try to persuade the patient to consent before notifying the proper authority." },
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// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 15 — SECTION BREAK: Criminal Responsibility
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
sl = pres.addSlide();
sectionSlide(sl, "PART 3", "Physician's Responsibility\nin Criminal Matters");

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 16 — PHYSICIAN'S CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Physician's Responsibility in Criminal Matters", [
  { text: "In medicolegal cases, treatment gets priority. Thereafter procedural criminal law will operate.", bold: true, color: C.accent, bullet: false },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "A doctor who is aware of crimes (murder, dacoity, waging war against the Government, helping escape of prisoners, etc.) is legally bound to report to the nearest Magistrate or police officer (S.39, Cr.P.C., S.176, I.P.C.)" },
  { text: "A doctor who intentionally omits to inform the police about a crime committed by his patient shall be punished with imprisonment upto 6 months (S.202, I.P.C.)" },
  { text: "The practitioner should hand over to police a person suspected to be an assailant in a murder case (from the nature of injury)" },
  { text: "" },
  { text: "Attempted suicide:", bold: true, color: C.white },
  { text: "Doctor is NOT legally bound to report" },
  { text: "But if the person dies → must inform the police" },
]);

// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//  SLIDE 17 — SUMMARY TABLE
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  [{ text: "3" }, { text: "Servants & Employees" }, { text: "Employer" }],
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//  SLIDE 18 — CLOSING
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  { text: "Professional Secrecy is an implied term of every doctor-patient contract.", options: { bullet: { indent: 20 }, breakLine: true, fontSize: 16, color: C.white } },
  { text: "Breach is actionable in law — patient can sue for damages.", options: { bullet: { indent: 20 }, breakLine: true, fontSize: 16, color: C.white } },
  { text: "Privileged Communication allows disclosure to protect community/State interest.", options: { bullet: { indent: 20 }, breakLine: true, fontSize: 16, color: C.white } },
  { text: "8 recognized exceptions exist to the general rule of confidentiality.", options: { bullet: { indent: 20 }, breakLine: true, fontSize: 16, color: C.white } },
  { text: "In criminal matters, treatment is priority — but legal reporting duties apply.", options: { bullet: { indent: 20 }, breakLine: true, fontSize: 16, color: C.white } },
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Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/professional-secrecy/ppt.js'

Successfully replaced 1 instance(s) of the string in '/home/daytona/workspace/professional-secrecy/ppt.js'

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// ─── SLIDE 2: Agenda ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Agenda / Overview", [
  { txt:"PART 1: Professional Secrecy (Confidentiality)", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Definition, legal basis, 14 illustrative examples" },
  { txt:"PART 2: Privileged Communication", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"When privilege applies (and when it fails)" },
  { txt:"8 exceptions to the rule of professional secrecy" },
  { txt:"PART 3: Physician's Responsibility in Criminal Matters", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Medicolegal duty — crimes must be reported to police" },
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// ─── SLIDE 3: Section break ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
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sectionSlide(sl, "PART 1", "Professional Secrecy\n(Confidentiality)");

// ─── SLIDE 4: Definition ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Definition of Professional Secrecy", [
  { txt:"Implied term of contract between doctor and patient.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"The doctor is obliged to keep secret all that he comes to know concerning the patient in the course of his professional work.", bullet:false },
  { txt:"Everything said by a patient or family members in the context of medical diagnosis and treatment is confidential.", bullet:false },
  { txt:"Breach = breach of trust and confidence. Patient can sue for damages:", bold:true, color:C.red, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Disclosure was voluntary" },
  { txt:"It resulted in harm to the patient" },
  { txt:"It was not in the interest of the public" },
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// ─── SLIDE 5: Examples 1–5 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Examples of Professional Secrecy (1-5)", [
  { txt:"(1) Doctor must not discuss patient's illness with others without consent." },
  { txt:"(2) For a major patient, no disclosure to parents/relatives even if they pay the fees. For minor/insane person, guardians must be informed." },
  { txt:"(3) No answers to third-party enquiries — even near relatives — about illness or its effects, without patient's consent." },
  { txt:"(4) No disclosure to any public/statutory body without patient's consent, except for notifiable diseases." },
  { txt:"(5) Between husband and wife, illness of one must not be disclosed to the other without the concerned person's consent." },
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// ─── SLIDE 6: Examples 6–10 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Examples of Professional Secrecy (6-10)", [
  { txt:"(6) In divorce and nullity cases, no information without consent of the person concerned." },
  { txt:"(7) Medical Officers in Government service are bound by professional secrecy, even when patient is treated free." },
  { txt:"(8) Doctor examining a Government servant on behalf of the Government cannot disclose illness to the Government without patient's consent." },
  { txt:"(9) Domestic servant examined at master's request — doctor must not disclose facts to master without servant's consent, even if master pays." },
  { txt:"(10) Medical officer of a firm/factory must not disclose examination results to employer without employee's consent." },
]);

// ─── SLIDE 7: Examples 11–14 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Examples of Professional Secrecy (11-14)", [
  { txt:"(11) Under-trial prisoner can refuse disclosure of illness. A convicted person has no such right — doctor can disclose to authorities." },
  { txt:"(12) In medical journals, patient's identity must not be revealed from case notes or photographs." },
  { txt:"(13) In examination of a dead body, facts that may harm reputation of deceased or cause anguish to relatives should be kept secret." },
  { txt:"(14) Medical examination for life insurance policy is voluntary — consent to disclosure of findings may be taken as implied." },
]);

// ─── SLIDE 8: Section break ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
sl = pres.addSlide();
sectionSlide(sl, "PART 2", "Privileged Communication");

// ─── SLIDE 9: Definition of Privileged Communication ─────────────────────────
sl = pres.addSlide();
contentSlide(sl, "Definition of Privileged Communication", [
  { txt:"A statement made bonafide upon any subject matter, by a doctor to the concerned authority, due to his duty to protect the interests of the community or of the State.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Communication must be to a person having interest in it, OR in reference of which the person has a duty.", bullet:false },
  { txt:"Privilege FAILS if:", bold:true, color:C.red, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Made to more than one person, OR" },
  { txt:"Made to a person with no direct interest in it" },
  { txt:"If doctor discloses professional secrets to protect community interest (moral/social obligation) — he will NOT be liable to damages.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Doctor should first persuade the patient to consent before notifying the proper authority.", bullet:false },
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// ─── SLIDE 10: Exceptions 1 & 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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twoColSlide(sl, "Exceptions to Professional Secrecy (1 & 2)",
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    { txt:"(1) Infectious Diseases", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
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    { txt:"Doctor persuades patient to leave job until non-infectious" },
    { txt:"If patient refuses — doctor can inform the employer" },
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    { txt:"(2) Venereal Diseases", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
    { txt:"Syphilitic patient about to marry — advise not to marry till cured" },
    { txt:"If patient refuses — doctor can disclose to woman concerned or her parents" },
    { txt:"Swimming pools prohibited for syphilis/gonorrhoea patients" },
    { txt:"Doctor can inform hostel warden if boarder has venereal disease" },
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// ─── SLIDE 11: Exceptions 3 & 4 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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    { txt:"(3) Servants and Employees", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
    { txt:"Engine/bus driver with epilepsy, hypertension, alcoholism, drug addiction, or colour blindness" },
    { txt:"Danger to self and to the public" },
    { txt:"Doctor persuades patient to change job" },
    { txt:"If this fails — inform employer that patient is unfit" },
  ],
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    { txt:"(4) Notifiable Diseases", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
    { txt:"Statutory duty to notify:" },
    { txt:"Births and deaths" },
    { txt:"Infectious diseases" },
    { txt:"Reported to Public Health authorities" },
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// ─── SLIDE 12: Exceptions 5 & 6 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
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    { txt:"(5) Patient's Own Interest", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
    { txt:"Signs of melancholia or suicidal tendencies" },
    { txt:"Doctor discloses to parents or guardians" },
    { txt:"So that proper care may be taken" },
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    { txt:"(6) Self-Interest", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
    { txt:"In civil or criminal actions by patient against the doctor" },
    { txt:"Evidence about the patient's condition may be given by the doctor" },
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// ─── SLIDE 13: Exception 7 — Courts of Law ───────────────────────────────────
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  { txt:"In a Court of law, a doctor CANNOT claim privilege concerning communications between himself and his patient, if it is relevant to the inquiry before the Court.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Before disclosing, doctor should appeal to the Judge" },
  { txt:"Doctor may request the Judge to receive information in writing (so it is not made public)" },
  { txt:"Witness should NOT voluntarily disclose information in or out of court" },
  { txt:"For evidence actually demanded by the Court — doctor is protected from civil action against breach of confidence.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"Doctor can discuss medical facts with other doctors and paramedical staff (nurses, radiologist, physiotherapist, etc.) to provide better care.", bullet:false },
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// ─── SLIDE 14: Exception 8 — Suspected Crime ─────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "(8) Suspected Crime", [
  { txt:"If doctor learns of a serious crime (murder, assault, rape, etc.) by treating victim or assailant:", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"He is bound to give information to the police (S.39, Cr.P.C.)" },
  { txt:"Doctor who treats a person with gunshot or stab wounds due to criminal assault must inform the police" },
  { txt:"Doctor should first try to persuade the patient to consent before notifying the proper authority.", bullet:false },
]);

// ─── SLIDE 15: Section break ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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sectionSlide(sl, "PART 3", "Physician's Responsibility\nin Criminal Matters");

// ─── SLIDE 16: Criminal Responsibility ───────────────────────────────────────
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contentSlide(sl, "Physician's Responsibility in Criminal Matters", [
  { txt:"In medicolegal cases, treatment gets priority. Thereafter procedural criminal law will operate.", bold:true, color:C.accent, bullet:false },
  { txt:"A doctor aware of crimes (murder, dacoity, waging war against the Government, helping escape of prisoners, etc.) is legally bound to report to the nearest Magistrate or police officer (S.39, Cr.P.C., S.176, I.P.C.)" },
  { txt:"A doctor who intentionally omits to inform the police about a crime committed by his patient shall be punished with imprisonment up to 6 months (S.202, I.P.C.)" },
  { txt:"The practitioner should hand over to police a person suspected to be an assailant in a murder case (from the nature of injury)" },
  { txt:"Attempted suicide: Doctor is NOT legally bound to report, but if the person dies — must inform the police.", bold:true, color:C.white, bullet:false },
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// ─── SLIDE 17: Summary Table ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  [{ text:"2" }, { text:"Venereal Diseases"        }, { text:"Partner / Parents / Hostel Warden" }],
  [{ text:"3" }, { text:"Servants & Employees"     }, { text:"Employer" }],
  [{ text:"4" }, { text:"Notifiable Diseases"      }, { text:"Public Health Authorities" }],
  [{ text:"5" }, { text:"Patient's Own Interest"   }, { text:"Parents / Guardians" }],
  [{ text:"6" }, { text:"Self-Interest"             }, { text:"Court" }],
  [{ text:"7" }, { text:"Courts of Law"             }, { text:"Judge / Court" }],
  [{ text:"8" }, { text:"Suspected Crime"           }, { text:"Police" }],
];

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// ─── SLIDE 18: Key Takeaways ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
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const takeaways = [
  "Professional Secrecy is an implied term of every doctor-patient contract.",
  "Breach is actionable — patient can sue for damages (mental suffering, shame, humiliation).",
  "Privileged Communication allows disclosure to protect community or State interest.",
  "8 recognized exceptions exist to the general rule of confidentiality.",
  "In criminal matters, treatment is priority — but legal reporting duties follow.",
  "Omitting to report a crime by a patient can result in imprisonment up to 6 months (S.202 IPC).",
];

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// ─── WRITE ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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