Summary of All Answers

SAQ Answers (Q.1):

1. Contraception - Male & Female Barrier Methods - Female (female condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, sponge, spermicide) and Male (male condom) with failure rates, mechanisms, advantages/disadvantages
2. Carbetocin - Long-acting oxytocin analogue; 100 mcg IV/IM single dose; used for PPH prevention post-delivery/caesarean; longer acting than oxytocin (~1-2 hours), heat-stable
3. Shoulder Dystocia Management - HELPERR mnemonic: Help → Episiotomy → Legs (McRoberts) → Pressure (suprapubic) → Enter (rotational maneuvers) → Remove posterior arm → Roll (Gaskin); complications (Erb's palsy, PPH)
4. Induction of Labour - Indications, Bishop score, methods (PGE2, misoprostol, amniotomy, oxytocin infusion with low-dose/high-dose protocols), complications
5. PCOS - Rotterdam criteria (2 of 3: oligoanovulation, hyperandrogenism, PCO morphology); pathophysiology; management including lifestyle, COCPs, metformin, letrozole/clomiphene for ovulation induction
6. PCPNDT Act - 1994 (amended 2003); prohibits sex determination/selection; registration requirements; penalties (up to 3-5 years imprisonment)
7. GTN - Invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, PSTT, ETT; staged by FIGO (I-IV); low-risk treated with single-agent MTX; high-risk with EMA-CO combination chemotherapy; excellent prognosis; hCG is key marker

LAQ Answers (Q.2):

1. Puerperal Pyrexia & Sepsis - Definition (≥38°C on 2 of first 10 days postpartum); causes (endometritis, UTI, wound infection, mastitis, DVT, septic thrombophlebitis); management with sepsis bundle, IV antibiotics (ampicillin + gentamicin + metronidazole for endometritis), source control
2. AUB - PALM-COEIN classification (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy / Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not classified); D/D; management (Mirena LNG-IUS first line, tranexamic acid, NSAIDs, surgical options including endometrial ablation, myomectomy, hysterectomy)
3. Infertility - Definitions (primary/secondary); Cervical factors (hostile mucus, ASAb, stenosis - treated with IUI); Uterine factors (Asherman's syndrome, fibroids, septum, anomalies - hysteroscopic surgery); Tubal factors (PID/Chlamydia most common, TB important in India, HSG + laparoscopy with chromotubation for assessment, IVF is gold standard treatment for bilateral tubal disease)