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Which medicine get vomiting emidatly

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medicines that induce vomiting immediately emetics pharmacology

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Here is a complete, textbook-sourced answer on medicines that cause vomiting immediately (emetics):

Emetics - Medicines That Induce Vomiting

Emetics are agents used to produce vomiting, mainly in poisoning/toxin ingestion management. They should only be used in a conscious patient lying on their side with the head dependent (to prevent aspiration).

1. Apomorphine (FASTEST - Most Potent)

  • Dose: 3-6 mg intramuscularly (IM)
  • Onset: Produces copious vomiting within 3-4 minutes - the most immediately acting emetic
  • Mechanism: Directly stimulates dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the medulla
  • Important warning: Causes severe narcosis - do NOT use in comatose patients. If used, give Naloxone 5-10 mg IM to counteract narcosis
  • Status: Now considered largely obsolete in modern practice

2. Syrup of Ipecac (Ipecacuanha) - Most Commonly Used

  • Dose: 30 mL for adults; 15 mL for children (1-12 years); 10 mL (9-12 months)
  • Onset: Causes vomiting in 90-95% of patients within 20-30 minutes
  • Mechanism: Contains emetine and cephaeline - acts by:
    • Local activation of peripheral sensory receptors in the GIT
    • Stimulation of the vomiting centre in the medulla
  • Note: Dose can be repeated once if vomiting does not occur within 30 minutes
  • Warning: Can cause lethal cardiomyopathy if misused chronically (e.g., in bulimia)

3. Obsolete / Household Emetics (Now Avoided)

These are no longer recommended due to danger or ineffectiveness:
AgentReason Avoided
Copper sulfateToxic
Zinc sulfateToxic
Tartar emetic (antimony)Toxic
Salt water (NaCl)Can cause fatal hypernatremia
Mustard powderIneffective, causes complications

When NOT to Use Emetics (Contraindications)

Absolute:
  • Pregnancy
  • Heart disease
  • Comatose or unconscious patient
  • Ingestion of strong acids or alkalis (risk of perforation)
  • Infants and elderly
Relative:
  • Active convulsions
  • Ingestion of CNS stimulants (vomiting strain may trigger seizures)
  • Kerosene/petroleum products ingestion (aspiration pneumonitis risk)
  • Impaired gag reflex

Important Clinical Note

Modern toxicology and emergency medicine have largely moved away from inducing emesis as a routine treatment. Gastric lavage ("stomach pumping") is now preferred in most poisoning scenarios. The RxList emetics overview and current toxicology guidelines reflect this shift.
  • P.C. Dikshit Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, p. 11645-11660
  • The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 36th Edition, p. 9620-9634
  • Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, p. 5715-5743
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