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NEET PG 2026 - Complete System-wise Syllabus

Exam Overview

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PHASE I - PRE-CLINICAL SUBJECTS

1. ANATOMY

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2. PHYSIOLOGY

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3. BIOCHEMISTRY

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PHASE II - PARA-CLINICAL SUBJECTS

4. PATHOLOGY

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5. PHARMACOLOGY

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6. MICROBIOLOGY

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7. FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY

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8. PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE (PSM / Community Medicine)

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PHASE III - CLINICAL SUBJECTS

9. GENERAL MEDICINE

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10. GENERAL SURGERY

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11. OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

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12. PAEDIATRICS

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13. OPHTHALMOLOGY

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14. ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat)

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15. RADIODIAGNOSIS

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SYSTEM-WISE QUICK REFERENCE MATRIX

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EXAM PATTERN & SUBJECT WEIGHTAGE

1. General Medicine (including Dermatology & Psychiatry)
2. General Surgery (including Orthopedics & Anaesthesia)
3. Obstetrics & Gynecology
4. Pathology
5. Pharmacology

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PREPARATION TIPS (System-wise approach)

• Cardiovascular system: Study together across Anatomy + Physiology + Pathology + Medicine + Surgery for integrated understanding
• Respiratory system: Link Physiology (V/Q) + Pathology (TB, lung CA) + Medicine (COPD, Asthma)
• GIT: Pathology (IBD, CA) + Medicine (hepatitis, cirrhosis) + Surgery (appendicitis, hernia) go hand-in-hand
• Neurology: Neuroanatomy + Neurophysiology + Neuropathology + Medicine neurology are heavily integrated in NEET PG
• Endocrinology: Biochemistry + Physiology + Pathology + Medicine all tested together
• PSM/Biostatistics: Non-negotiable - always 15-20 questions on biostatistics and national programs

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How to Study System-Wise for NEET PG - Complete Guide

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What is "System-wise Study" and Why it Works

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The Core Principle: Horizontal Integration

Anatomy (3 months) → Physiology (2 months) → Pathology (2 months) → Medicine (3 months)...

Cardiovascular System - Anatomy + Physiology + Pathology + Pharmacology + Medicine + Surgery (2-3 weeks) → Respiratory System (2-3 weeks) → and so on...

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Step-by-Step System-wise Study Method

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STEP 1: Divide the Body into Systems (Study Units)

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STEP 2: For Each System, Study These Layers in Order

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Layer 1 - ANATOMY (Day 1-2 of each system)

• Start with the structural foundation
• Focus on: key relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatics, applied anatomy
• What to do:
  • Read relevant anatomy chapter (BD Chaurasia / Snell)
  • Mark clinically important points (things surgeons and clinicians use)
  • Draw 1 diagram/flowchart of the region
  • Practice 10-15 anatomy MCQs from that system

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Layer 2 - PHYSIOLOGY (Day 2-3)

• Understand how the system works normally
• Focus on: mechanisms, feedback loops, clinical correlations
• What to do:
  • Read Ganong or AK Jain / notes
  • Make a 1-page flowchart of the key mechanism
  • Link physiology directly to the pathology you'll study next

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Layer 3 - PATHOLOGY (Day 3-5)

• Understand what goes wrong
• Focus on: mechanisms of disease, gross/histological findings, important investigations
• What to do:
  • Read Harsh Mohan / Robbins (relevant chapters)
  • Link every disease to the physiology you just studied
  • Make a comparison table (e.g., different types of MI, or types of cardiomyopathy)

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Layer 4 - PHARMACOLOGY (Day 5-6)

• Learn the drugs used to treat diseases of that system
• Focus on: mechanism of action, side effects, contraindications, drug of choice (DOC)
• What to do:
  • Study only drugs relevant to the current system
  • Make a drug comparison table
  • Mark unique/high-yield side effects

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Layer 5 - CLINICAL (Day 6-10)

• Apply everything to clinical diagnosis and management
• Focus on: presenting symptoms, key investigations, treatment protocols, complications
• This is where Medicine, Surgery, OBG, Pediatrics come in
• What to do:
  • Read the relevant clinical chapter
  • Solve 50-100 system-wise MCQs
  • Attempt previous year NEET PG questions for that system

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STEP 3: After Each System - Consolidation Day

1. Solve 100 mixed MCQs from that system (across all subjects)
2. Review your notes and highlight the points you got wrong
3. Make a 1-page summary sheet (also called a "rapid revision sheet") for that system
4. Attempt a system-wise test if your coaching/app offers one

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STEP 4: Parallel Subjects (Never Stop These)

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System-wise Study Schedule (12-Month Plan)

Phase 1: Foundation (Months 1-7) - First Pass

• Week 1-3: CVS - Anatomy → Physiology → Pathology → Pharma → Medicine/Surgery
• Week 4-7: Respiratory - same 5-layer approach

• GIT: Esophagus to Rectum, Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder
• Renal: Glomerular diseases, tubular disorders, AKI vs CKD

• Longest and most complex system
• Neuroanatomy (tracts!) → Neurophysiology → Neuropathology → Neuro-pharma → Neurology + Neurosurgery

• Endocrine: Hypothalamus-pituitary axis down to adrenals
• Hematology: Anemias, leukemias, coagulation cascade - very high yield

• OBG needs dedicated time - treat it as a system on its own
• Ortho + Derma can be done simultaneously

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Phase 2: Revision + Integration (Months 8-10)

• Go through your 1-page summary sheets for each system
• Solve system-wise PYQs (NEET PG previous 5 years)
• Cover Head & Neck systems: Eye, ENT, Throat

• Identify weak systems from your MCQ performance
• Re-study those systems only - targeted revision
• Focus on "repeated topics" across exam years

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Phase 3: Mock Tests + Final Revision (Months 11-12)

• Minimum 2 full-length mock tests per week (200 questions, timed)
• Analyze every wrong answer - link it back to the system
• Do rapid revision of all 12 summary sheets

• One mock test every 2-3 days
• Only revise from notes - NO new topics
• Focus on PSM, Biostatistics, FMT (easy marks often lost)
• Rest well in the last 2 days before exam

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System-wise Study for Each Subject - Key Focus Areas

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - What to Master

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - What to Master

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GIT SYSTEM - What to Master

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CNS SYSTEM - What to Master

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Resources for System-wise Study

Books (System-wise approach)

Apps & Online Resources

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Daily Routine for System-wise Preparation

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

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High-Yield Systems (Maximum ROI)

1. Hematology - Very formulaic, high repetition, easy marks
2. Endocrinology - Physiological base helps, MCQ patterns predictable
3. CVS - High weightage across all subjects
4. Renal/Nephrology - Glomerulonephritis table is repeatedly tested
5. PSM/Biostatistics - 15-20 guaranteed questions, very scorable
6. Pharmacology - Learn DOC, side effects, mechanisms = instant marks

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Summary: The System-wise Formula

For each system:
Anatomy → Physiology → Pathology → Pharmacology → Clinical Application
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Daily MCQ practice (100-200/day)
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Weekly revision of completed systems
             +
Monthly full mock tests
             +
Daily 30 min PSM + FMT (parallel tracks)

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - Integrated NEET PG Notes

How to Read These Notes

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MODULE 1: ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Coronary Arteries - The Most Tested Anatomy

Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology - Coronary blood flow in resting adults averages 70 mL/min/100g heart weight (~225 mL/min = 4-5% of total cardiac output).

• Coronary blood flow occurs mainly in diastole (systole compresses intramyocardial vessels - especially left ventricle)
• Coronary venous return: 75% via coronary sinus into RA; right ventricular blood via anterior cardiac veins directly into RA
• Thebesian veins drain small amount directly into all cardiac chambers

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Conducting System

SA Node (Pacemaker, 60-100/min)
    ↓ (internodal tracts)
AV Node (delay 0.1 sec - allows ventricular filling)
    ↓
Bundle of His
    ↓
Right Bundle Branch + Left Bundle Branch (anterior + posterior fascicles)
    ↓
Purkinje fibers → Ventricular myocardium

• SA node: 60-100/min
• AV node: 40-60/min
• Ventricular (Purkinje): 20-40/min

• SA node: RCA (60%), LCX (40%)
• AV node: RCA (80-90%), LAD first septal perforator (10-20%)
• Bundle of His: dual supply (RCA + LAD)

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Heart Chambers - Key Relations

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MODULE 2: PHYSIOLOGY - CARDIAC CYCLE

The Complete Cardiac Cycle (at HR 75/min = 0.8 sec)

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Heart Sounds

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JVP Waveforms

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Cardiac Output & Frank-Starling Law

• Normal CO = 5 L/min
• Cardiac Index = CO/BSA = 2.2-4.2 L/min/m²

• ↑ Preload (venous return) → ↑ EDV → ↑ fiber stretch → ↑ force of contraction → ↑ SV
• This is the basis of why:
  • IV fluids improve CO in hypovolemia
  • Failing hearts cannot compensate (flat Starling curve)

1. Preload (EDV - filling pressure)
2. Afterload (aortic pressure - resistance to ejection)
3. Contractility (inotropy - intrinsic force of contraction)

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Blood Pressure Regulation

↓ BP detected by baroreceptors (carotid sinus, aortic arch)
        ↓
Sympathetic activation
        ↓
↑ HR + ↑ Contractility + Vasoconstriction
        ↓
Long-term: RAAS activation (Renin → Angiotensin II → Aldosterone)
        ↓
Na+ & water retention → ↑ blood volume → ↑ BP

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MODULE 3: PATHOLOGY

Atherosclerosis - Mechanism

Endothelial injury (HTN, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia)
        ↓
LDL enters intima → oxidized LDL
        ↓
Macrophages engulf oxidized LDL → FOAM CELLS
        ↓
Fatty streak (earliest lesion - reversible)
        ↓
Fibroblast + SMC migration → Fibrous plaque (atheroma)
        ↓
Complicated lesion: Calcification, Ulceration, Thrombosis

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Myocardial Infarction - The Most Important CVS Topic

Coronary Territory → MI Type

Timeline of MI Changes (NEET PG favorite!)

Zones of MI (Pathology)

Central DEAD zone → Zone of Injury → Zone of Ischemia
(Q wave)           (ST elevation)   (T wave inversion)

Complications of MI (by time)

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Infective Endocarditis

Duke's Criteria (2 major OR 1 major + 3 minor OR 5 minor = Definite IE)

1. Blood cultures: typical organism ×2 (S. aureus, Viridans streptococci, HACEK group)
2. Echo evidence: vegetation, abscess, new valvular regurgitation

1. Predisposing heart condition or IVDU
2. Fever >38°C
3. Vascular phenomena (emboli, Janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages)
4. Immunological phenomena (Osler nodes, Roth spots, glomerulonephritis, ↑ RF)
5. Blood culture positive (not meeting major criterion)

• Janeway lesions = painless, palms/soles (Janeway = J for "Just painless")
• Osler nodes = painful, finger/toe pads (Osler = "Ouch!")
• Roth spots = retinal hemorrhages with pale center
• Splinter hemorrhages = under nails

Organisms in IE by Setting

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Rheumatic Heart Disease

• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep pyogenes)
• Molecular mimicry: Anti-streptococcal M protein antibodies cross-react with cardiac proteins (myosin, laminin)
• Immune injury via antibodies + T cells
• 1-3% of streptococcal pharyngitis cases develop rheumatic fever

Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology - Aschoff bodies are pathognomonic for rheumatic fever; contain Anitschkow cells (caterpillar cells) - activated macrophages with chromatin condensed into a slender wavy ribbon.

Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever

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Cardiomyopathies

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MODULE 4: PHARMACOLOGY

Antihypertensive Drugs - Integrated Mechanism Map

RAAS System                    Sympathetic System         Direct Vasodilation
     ↓                               ↓                          ↓
ACE Inhibitors                 Beta-blockers              Calcium Channel Blockers
ARBs                           Alpha-1 blockers           Hydralazine (arterioles)
Aliskiren (renin inhibitor)    Central: Clonidine         Nitrates (veins >> arteries)
Aldosterone antagonists                ↓
(Spironolactone, Eplerenone)    ↓ HR, ↓ contractility    
                                ↓ Renin release
     ↓
Diuretics (Thiazide, Loop, K-sparing)
↓ Volume → ↓ preload → ↓ BP

Drug Classes - Key Facts

Drug of Choice - High Yield Summary

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Antiarrhythmic Drugs - Vaughan-Williams Classification

• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Thyroid dysfunction (hypo or hyper - contains iodine)
• Hepatotoxicity
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Corneal microdeposits (bluish-gray skin discoloration with sun)
• Requires monitoring: TFT, LFT, CXR, PFT

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MODULE 5: CLINICAL MEDICINE (Integrated)

Hypertension

• ACC/AHA 2017: ≥ 130/80 mmHg = HTN
• JNC 8: ≥ 140/90 mmHg = Stage 1 HTN

1. Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) - ↓ K, ↑ aldosterone, ↑ aldosterone:renin ratio
2. Hyperthyroidism / Hypothyroidism
3. Hyperparathyroidism (rarely)
4. Henal artery stenosis (Renovascular HTN) - young woman, bruit
5. Pheochromocytoma - triad: Headache, Palpitations, Profuse sweating; 24hr urine catecholamines/VMA/metanephrines

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Heart Failure

• BNP > 100 pg/mL = HF likely
• BNP < 35 pg/mL = HF unlikely
• NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL = HF (used more now; longer half-life)

• Class I: No symptoms with normal activity
• Class II: Symptoms with moderate exertion
• Class III: Symptoms with minimal exertion
• Class IV: Symptoms at rest

• Left HF: Dyspnea, Orthopnea (3-pillow), PND, Bilateral basal crepitations, S3 gallop, Displaced apex
• Right HF: JVD, Peripheral pitting edema (legs), Hepatomegaly, Ascites, Pleural effusion (R > L)

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Acute Coronary Syndromes

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
         ├── Unstable Angina (no troponin rise, no ECG changes)
         ├── NSTEMI (↑ Troponin, No ST elevation, may have ST depression/T inversion)
         └── STEMI (↑ Troponin + ST elevation ≥ 1mm in 2 contiguous limb leads, ≥ 2mm in precordial)

STEMI Management - "TIME IS MUSCLE"

• ECG + IV access + O2 (if SpO2 < 94%) + Monitor
• Aspirin 300 mg loading
• P2Y12 inhibitor (Ticagrelor 180 mg or Clopidogrel 300-600 mg)
• IV Morphine (for pain), IV Metoprolol (if no CI)

• Primary PCI = preferred (if available within 90 min of first medical contact)
• Thrombolysis (if PCI not available within 120 min) - Streptokinase, tPA (Alteplase)
  • CI to thrombolysis: Recent surgery/trauma, Active bleeding, Stroke <3 months, BP >185/110, Aortic dissection

• A - Aspirin (lifelong) + Anti-P2Y12 (12 months DAPT)
• B - Beta-blocker (↓ mortality, ↓ arrhythmia)
• C - Cholesterol (High-intensity Statin - Atorvastatin 80 mg or Rosuvastatin 40 mg)
• D - Diabetes control
• E - ACE inhibitor/ARB (especially if EF reduced, HTN, or DM)

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Valvular Heart Diseases

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MODULE 6: QUICK REVISION TABLE - Integrated CVS

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MODULE 7: HIGH-YIELD MNEMONICS & FACTS

• Treatment: Radiofrequency ablation; Avoid Digoxin and Verapamil (can accelerate conduction through accessory pathway → VF)

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MODULE 8: PREVIOUS YEAR NEET PG QUESTION THEMES (CVS)

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