A detailed, colorful medical education poster titled "ANATOMY OF THE EYE" for MBBS final exams. The poster has a dark navy blue background with white and bright colored text and diagrams. Layout: A large detailed cross-section diagram of the eyeball in the center, fully labeled with arrows pointing to: Cornea, Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Iris, Pupil, Lens, Ciliary Body, Ciliary Muscles, Zonular Fibers (Suspensory Ligament), Conjunctiva, Anterior Chamber, Posterior Chamber, Vitreous Chamber, Canal of Schlemm, Fovea Centralis, Optic Nerve, Central Artery of Retina, Central Vein of Retina, Macula Lutea, Optic Disc (Blind Spot), Extraocular Muscles (Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus). On the left side panel: Section titled "COATS OF THE EYEBALL" with three layers listed: 1. OUTER FIBROUS COAT - Sclera (posterior 5/6, white, protective) and Cornea (anterior 1/6, transparent, avascular) 2. MIDDLE VASCULAR COAT (UVEA) - Choroid, Ciliary Body, Iris 3. INNER NEURAL COAT - Retina (10 layers, rods & cones) On the right side panel: Section titled "KEY FACTS FOR EXAM": - Cornea: avascular, most powerful refracting surface (+43D), nourished by aqueous humor - Lens: transparent, biconvex, +18D at rest, changes with accommodation - Pupil: miosis = parasympathetic (CN III), mydriasis = sympathetic - Aqueous humor: produced by ciliary body, drains via Canal of Schlemm - Normal IOP: 10-21 mmHg; raised in glaucoma - Macula: area of highest visual acuity (cones only at fovea) - Blind spot = optic disc (no photoreceptors) - Rods: peripheral vision, night vision, rhodopsin pigment - Cones: central vision, color vision, 3 types (R/G/B) Bottom panel: "10 LAYERS OF RETINA (outer to inner)" showing: 1-Pigment Epithelium, 2-Photoreceptors (Rods & Cones), 3-Outer Limiting Membrane, 4-Outer Nuclear Layer, 5-Outer Plexiform Layer, 6-Inner Nuclear Layer, 7-Inner Plexiform Layer, 8-Ganglion Cell Layer, 9-Nerve Fiber Layer (Stratum Opticum), 10-Inner Limiting Membrane. Note: "Light enters from INSIDE (layer 10 → layer 1)" Color coding: outer coat in blue, uvea in red/orange, retina in green, aqueous humor path in light blue arrows. Professional medical illustration style with clean typography.

A detailed, colorful medical education poster titled "PHYSIOLOGY OF VISION" for MBBS final exams. Dark navy blue background, white and bright-colored text. TOP SECTION - "PHOTOTRANSDUCTION CASCADE (In Rods)" showing a flowchart with numbered steps: 1. Light hits Rhodopsin (Opsin + 11-cis Retinal → all-trans Retinal) → BLEACHING 2. Activated Rhodopsin activates G-protein = TRANSDUCIN 3. Transducin activates PHOSPHODIESTERASE (PDE) 4. PDE breaks down cGMP → cGMP levels fall 5. cGMP-gated Na+ channels CLOSE 6. Cell HYPERPOLARIZES (membrane potential: -30mV in dark → -70mV in light) 7. Less glutamate released → Bipolar cells DEPOLARIZE → Ganglion cell fires ACTION POTENTIAL Note box: "IN DARK: cGMP keeps Na+ channels open → depolarization → glutamate release" Note box: "RODS use Rhodopsin (λmax 498nm); CONES use Photopsins (Blue 430nm, Green 530nm, Red 560nm)" LEFT PANEL - "VISUAL PATHWAY" showing a simplified labeled diagram: Retina (Photoreceptors → Bipolar cells → Ganglion cells) → Optic Nerve (CN II) → Optic Chiasm [NASAL fibers CROSS, TEMPORAL fibers stay ipsilateral] → Optic Tract → Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) - Thalamus [6 layers: 1,2 Magnocellular; 3-6 Parvocellular] → Optic Radiation (Geniculocalcarine tract) → PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX (Area 17, Calcarine fissure, Occipital lobe) MIDDLE - "VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS TABLE" with clean colored columns: Lesion Site | Defect Name 1. Optic nerve | Monocular blindness (same eye) 2. Optic chiasm | Bitemporal Heteronymous Hemianopia 3. Optic tract | Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia 4. Optic radiation | Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia + Macular Sparing 5. Visual cortex | Same as above with Macular Sparing RIGHT PANEL - "ADAPTATION & COLOR VISION": DARK ADAPTATION: - Cone adaptation: 5-10 min - Rod adaptation: 20-30 min (rhodopsin regeneration needs Vit A) - Purkinje shift: from cone (photopic) to rod (scotopic) vision LIGHT ADAPTATION: faster than dark (bleaching of rhodopsin) COLOR VISION (Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory): - 3 types of cones: S (Blue 430nm), M (Green 530nm), L (Red 560nm) - Color blindness: X-linked recessive; Red-green most common - Opponent process theory: explains color contrast BOTTOM STRIP - "HIGH-YIELD EXAM POINTS": • Vitamin A deficiency → Night blindness (Nyctalopia) - rhodopsin cannot regenerate • Magnocellular pathway: movement, depth, stereopsis (M cells) • Parvocellular pathway: color, fine detail, texture (P cells) • Superior visual field → Meyer's loop → Lower calcarine cortex • Inferior visual field → Baum's loop → Upper calcarine cortex • Macular vision has largest cortical representation (cortical magnification) • Optic disc = blind spot = no photoreceptors; 15° nasal to fovea Professional medical illustration style, clean layout, easy to read, bright color coding per section (blue for pathway, orange for phototransduction, green for color vision, yellow for exam tips).