IMG-20260705-WA0042.jpg
Hi I need to make a powerpoint presentation based on this MCQ ,refer standard textbooks and prepare a good powerpoint presentation at mbbs final year level with around 50 slides don't clutter and congest the slides give proper spacing diagrams and images from standard textbooks
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Finding Sources
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Running Command
ls /home/daytona/workspace/ 2>/dev/null || mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/crim…
Running Command
mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/criminal-abortion-ppt && ls /home/daytona/works…
Writing File
~/criminal-abortion-ppt/build.js
const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const { execSync } = require("child_process");
let pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Criminal Abortion & MTP Act";
pres.author = "Forensic Medicine - MBBS Final Year";
// ─── COLOR PALETTE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
const C = {
darkBg: "1A1A2E", // deep navy – title slides
midBg: "16213E", // dark blue-navy – section headers
lightBg: "F4F6FB", // off-white – content slides
accent: "E94560", // crimson/red – headings & accents
accent2: "0F3460", // dark blue – sub-headings
white: "FFFFFF",
textDark: "1A1A2E",
textMid: "2C3E50",
textLight: "ECF0F1",
subtleGray:"D5D8DC",
green: "27AE60",
orange: "E67E22",
yellow: "F1C40F",
tableHead: "E94560",
tableAlt: "EBF5FB",
};
// ─── HELPERS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
function fetchImg(url) {
try {
const r = JSON.parse(execSync(
`node /home/daytona/skills/shared/scripts/fetch_images.js "${url}"`,
{ timeout: 15000 }
).toString());
return (r[0] && !r[0].error) ? r[0].base64 : null;
} catch { return null; }
}
// Title slide helper
function titleSlide(title, subtitle, bgColor) {
let s = pres.addSlide();
// Background gradient via rectangle
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: bgColor || C.darkBg } });
// Red accent bar
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 4.8, w: 10, h: 0.825, fill: { color: C.accent } });
// Red left accent bar
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
// Title
s.addText(title, {
x: 0.3, y: 1.5, w: 9.4, h: 1.8,
fontSize: 38, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
if (subtitle) {
s.addText(subtitle, {
x: 0.3, y: 3.4, w: 9.4, h: 0.7,
fontSize: 18, color: "AEBFD7", fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
}
// Bottom label
s.addText("Forensic Medicine & Toxicology | MBBS Final Year", {
x: 0.3, y: 4.9, w: 9.4, h: 0.5,
fontSize: 13, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
return s;
}
// Section divider slide helper
function sectionSlide(sectionNum, title, subtitle) {
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.midBg } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 2.4, w: 10, h: 0.06, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.12, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
if (sectionNum) {
s.addText(sectionNum, {
x: 0.3, y: 0.6, w: 9.4, h: 0.8,
fontSize: 16, color: C.accent, bold: true, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", charSpacing: 4
});
}
s.addText(title, {
x: 0.3, y: 1.5, w: 9.4, h: 1.6,
fontSize: 36, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
if (subtitle) {
s.addText(subtitle, {
x: 0.3, y: 3.2, w: 9.4, h: 0.7,
fontSize: 17, color: "AEBFD7", fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center"
});
}
return s;
}
// Standard content slide
function contentSlide(title, bullets, options = {}) {
let s = pres.addSlide();
// White background
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.lightBg } });
// Top accent bar
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.accent } });
// Left accent bar
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
// Title background
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.08, y: 0.08, w: 9.92, h: 0.78, fill: { color: C.accent2 } });
// Title text
s.addText(title, {
x: 0.2, y: 0.1, w: 9.6, h: 0.72,
fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "left", valign: "middle", margin: 6
});
const bx = options.bx || 0.3;
const bw = options.bw || 9.4;
const by = options.by || 1.05;
const bh = options.bh || 4.3;
const fs = options.fontSize || 17;
if (bullets && bullets.length > 0) {
const items = bullets.map((b, i) => {
if (typeof b === "string") {
return {
text: b,
options: {
bullet: { indent: 20 },
fontSize: fs,
color: C.textMid,
breakLine: i < bullets.length - 1
}
};
}
// sub-bullet object: { text, sub: true }
return {
text: b.text,
options: {
bullet: { indent: 40 },
fontSize: b.fontSize || fs - 2,
color: b.color || C.textMid,
bold: b.bold || false,
breakLine: i < bullets.length - 1,
indentLevel: b.sub ? 1 : 0
}
};
});
s.addText(items, {
x: bx, y: by, w: bw, h: bh,
fontFace: "Calibri",
valign: "top",
lineSpacingMultiple: 1.25
});
}
return s;
}
// Two-column slide
function twoColSlide(title, leftItems, rightItems, leftTitle = "", rightTitle = "") {
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.lightBg } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.08, y: 0.08, w: 9.92, h: 0.78, fill: { color: C.accent2 } });
s.addText(title, {
x: 0.2, y: 0.1, w: 9.6, h: 0.72,
fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "left", valign: "middle", margin: 6
});
// Divider
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 5.08, y: 0.95, w: 0.04, h: 4.5, fill: { color: C.subtleGray } });
if (leftTitle) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.15, y: 0.95, w: 4.75, h: 0.34, fill: { color: C.accent }, rectRadius: 0 });
s.addText(leftTitle, { x: 0.2, y: 0.95, w: 4.7, h: 0.32, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle" });
}
if (rightTitle) {
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 5.2, y: 0.95, w: 4.7, h: 0.34, fill: { color: C.accent2 }, rectRadius: 0 });
s.addText(rightTitle, { x: 5.25, y: 0.95, w: 4.65, h: 0.32, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle" });
}
const topOffset = leftTitle ? 1.38 : 1.05;
function buildBullets(items) {
return items.map((b, i) => ({
text: typeof b === "string" ? b : b.text,
options: {
bullet: { indent: 18 },
fontSize: typeof b === "object" && b.fontSize ? b.fontSize : 15,
color: typeof b === "object" && b.color ? b.color : C.textMid,
bold: typeof b === "object" ? b.bold || false : false,
breakLine: i < items.length - 1
}
}));
}
s.addText(buildBullets(leftItems), {
x: 0.2, y: topOffset, w: 4.7, h: 5.625 - topOffset - 0.2,
fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top", lineSpacingMultiple: 1.3
});
s.addText(buildBullets(rightItems), {
x: 5.25, y: topOffset, w: 4.65, h: 5.625 - topOffset - 0.2,
fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "top", lineSpacingMultiple: 1.3
});
return s;
}
// Table slide
function tableSlide(title, headers, rows, colW) {
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.lightBg } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.08, y: 0.08, w: 9.92, h: 0.78, fill: { color: C.accent2 } });
s.addText(title, {
x: 0.2, y: 0.1, w: 9.6, h: 0.72,
fontSize: 22, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "left", valign: "middle", margin: 6
});
const tableData = [
headers.map(h => ({ text: h, options: { bold: true, color: C.white, fill: C.tableHead, align: "center", fontSize: 14 } })),
...rows.map((r, ri) => r.map(cell => ({
text: cell,
options: { color: C.textMid, fill: ri % 2 === 0 ? "FFFFFF" : C.tableAlt, fontSize: 13, align: "left" }
})))
];
s.addTable(tableData, {
x: 0.2, y: 1.05, w: 9.6, h: 4.3,
colW: colW || Array(headers.length).fill(9.6 / headers.length),
rowH: 0.38,
fontFace: "Calibri",
border: { pt: 1, color: C.subtleGray },
autoPage: false
});
return s;
}
// ─── IMAGE DOWNLOAD ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
console.log("Fetching images...");
const img_instruments = fetchImg("https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/cbf1c51be131df73394cdccb2ebdd404940421bf3c4da5d836aaaee03f7b89e5.png");
console.log("img_instruments:", img_instruments ? "OK" : "FAILED");
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SLIDES BEGIN
// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// ─── SLIDE 1: Title ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.darkBg } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 4.5, w: 10, h: 1.125, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.1, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
// Red circle decoration
s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: 7.5, y: -0.5, w: 4, h: 4, fill: { color: C.accent, transparency: 85 } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.OVAL, { x: -1.5, y: 3, w: 4, h: 4, fill: { color: C.accent2, transparency: 75 } });
s.addText("FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY", {
x: 0.3, y: 0.4, w: 9.4, h: 0.5,
fontSize: 13, color: C.accent, bold: true, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", charSpacing: 3
});
s.addText("Criminal Abortion", {
x: 0.3, y: 0.95, w: 9.4, h: 1.3,
fontSize: 46, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
s.addText("& the MTP Act", {
x: 0.3, y: 2.2, w: 9.4, h: 0.85,
fontSize: 34, bold: false, color: "AEBFD7", fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center"
});
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 3.5, y: 3.15, w: 3, h: 0.04, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addText("Medico-Legal Duties • Methods • Complications • 2021 Amendment", {
x: 0.3, y: 3.3, w: 9.4, h: 0.5,
fontSize: 14, color: "7FB3D3", fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center"
});
s.addText("MBBS Final Year | P C Dikshit • KS Narayan Reddy • Parikh's Textbook", {
x: 0.3, y: 4.6, w: 9.4, h: 0.4,
fontSize: 12, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center"
});
}
// ─── SLIDE 2: Clinical Scenario ───────────────────────────────────────
{
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: "0D1B2A" } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.ROUNDED_RECTANGLE, { x: 0.4, y: 0.7, w: 9.2, h: 3.8, fill: { color: "162032" }, rectRadius: 0.15,
shadow: { type: "outer", color: "000000", blur: 20, offset: 4, angle: 135, opacity: 0.4 }
});
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.4, y: 0.7, w: 9.2, h: 0.5, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addText("CLINICAL SCENARIO", {
x: 0.5, y: 0.72, w: 9, h: 0.44,
fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle", charSpacing: 3
});
s.addText("A 25-year-old female was brought to casualty\nwith bleeding per vagina.\n\nAs per history, she was treated by an\nunregistered abortionist and resulted in bleeding.", {
x: 0.7, y: 1.3, w: 8.7, h: 2.8,
fontSize: 21, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "center", valign: "middle", lineSpacingMultiple: 1.5
});
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.08, y: 4.65, w: 9.92, h: 0.78, fill: { color: C.accent2 } });
s.addText([
{ text: "a) Medico-legal duties ", options: { color: C.yellow, bold: true } },
{ text: " b) Methods of criminal abortion ", options: { color: "#7DCDBE", bold: true } },
{ text: " c) Complications ", options: { color: "#F8A5C2", bold: true } },
{ text: " d) MTP Act 1971 & 2021 Amendment", options: { color: "#A29BFE", bold: true } }
], {
x: 0.2, y: 4.68, w: 9.6, h: 0.6,
fontSize: 12, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle"
});
}
// ─── SLIDE 3: Table of Contents ───────────────────────────────────────
{
let s = pres.addSlide();
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.lightBg } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 0.08, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0, y: 0, w: 0.08, h: 5.625, fill: { color: C.accent } });
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: 0.08, y: 0.08, w: 9.92, h: 0.78, fill: { color: C.accent2 } });
s.addText("Contents", {
x: 0.2, y: 0.1, w: 9.6, h: 0.72,
fontSize: 24, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri",
align: "left", valign: "middle", margin: 6
});
const sections = [
["01", "Abortion — Definitions & Classification", C.accent],
["02", "Criminal Abortion — Overview", C.accent2],
["03", "Medico-Legal Duties of the Doctor", "#1ABC9C"],
["04", "Methods of Criminal Abortion", C.orange],
["05", "Complications of Criminal Abortion", "#9B59B6"],
["06", "MTP Act 1971 — Original Provisions", "#2980B9"],
["07", "MTP Amendment Act 2021 — Key Changes", C.accent],
["08", "MTP vs Criminal Abortion — Comparison", C.accent2],
["09", "Medico-Legal Autopsy Findings", "#1ABC9C"],
["10", "Summary & Clinical Pearls", C.orange],
];
sections.forEach(([num, text, col], i) => {
const col2 = i < 5 ? 0.2 : 5.1;
const row = i % 5;
const y = 1.05 + row * 0.85;
s.addShape(pres.shapes.RECTANGLE, { x: col2, y: y, w: 0.5, h: 0.6, fill: { color: col } });
s.addText(num, { x: col2, y: y, w: 0.5, h: 0.6, fontSize: 16, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri", align: "center", valign: "middle" });
s.addText(text, { x: col2 + 0.6, y: y + 0.06, w: 4.3, h: 0.5, fontSize: 14, color: C.textMid, fontFace: "Calibri", valign: "middle" });
});
}
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 1: DEFINITIONS & CLASSIFICATION
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 01", "Abortion", "Definitions & Classification");
// SLIDE 5: Medical vs Legal Definition
twoColSlide(
"Definitions of Abortion",
[
{ text: "MEDICAL DEFINITION", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 16 },
"Spontaneous or induced expulsion of products of conception before viability (28 weeks)",
"Abortion → 1st trimester",
"Miscarriage → 2nd trimester",
"Premature labor → 3rd trimester",
{ text: "(P C Dikshit, Forensic Medicine)", color: "#7F8C8D", fontSize: 12 }
],
[
{ text: "LEGAL DEFINITION", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 16 },
"Expulsion of products of conception from uterus at any period prior to full term",
"Law makes NO distinction between abortion, miscarriage, and premature labor",
"Products of conception include:",
" • Ovum: 7–10 days gestation",
" • Embryo: 10 days → end of 9th week",
" • Fetus: > 9 weeks → birth"
],
"Medical", "Legal"
);
// SLIDE 6: Classification of Abortion
contentSlide("Classification of Abortion", [
{ text: "I. NATURAL ABORTION", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 18 },
" a) Spontaneous — due to natural causes before 28 weeks",
" b) Accidental — due to trauma or accident",
{ text: "II. ARTIFICIAL (INDUCED) ABORTION", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 18 },
" a) Justifiable / Therapeutic — legal, under MTP Act",
" b) Criminal — unlawful termination without proper indication",
{ text: "III. CLINICAL TYPES", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 18 },
" Threatened • Inevitable • Incomplete • Complete",
" Missed • Septic • Habitual (recurrent — 3 consecutive)"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 7: Clinical Types Detail
twoColSlide(
"Clinical Types of Abortion",
[
{ text: "Threatened Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent },
"Moderate vaginal bleeding + mild pain",
"Cervical os — CLOSED",
"",
{ text: "Inevitable Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent },
"Severe pain + increased contractions",
"Cervical os — DILATED",
"",
{ text: "Incomplete Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent },
"Continuous bleeding from placental site",
"Retention of placenta → severe anemia"
],
[
{ text: "Missed Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Fetus dies in utero, retained > 8 weeks",
"Products converted to carneous/blood mole",
"",
{ text: "Habitual Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Occurs at 3 or more consecutive pregnancies",
"",
{ text: "Septic Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Complication of incomplete abortion",
"Organisms: Cl. welchii, E. coli,",
"Strep. pyogenes, Staph. aureus"
]
);
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 2: CRIMINAL ABORTION
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 02", "Criminal Abortion", "Definition, Legality & IPC Provisions");
// SLIDE 9: Criminal Abortion — Definition & Law
contentSlide("Criminal Abortion — Definition & Law", [
{ text: "Definition", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 18 },
"Intentional termination of pregnancy without lawful justification — performed by an unqualified person outside the provisions of the MTP Act",
"",
{ text: "IPC Sections (pre-BNS era)", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 18 },
" IPC Sec 312 — Causing miscarriage: 3 yrs + fine (simple), 7 yrs + fine (woman herself)",
" IPC Sec 313 — Without woman's consent: Life imprisonment or 10 yrs + fine",
" IPC Sec 314 — Death of woman caused: 10 yrs or life; life if no consent",
" IPC Sec 315 — Act to prevent child being born alive: 10 yrs or fine or both",
" IPC Sec 316 — Causing death of quick unborn child: 10 yrs + fine",
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 10: Who is at Risk?
contentSlide("Who Performs Criminal Abortion?", [
{ text: "Common Performers", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 18 },
" • Unregistered abortionists (dais, quacks)",
" • Self-induced by the woman herself",
" • Unqualified practitioners",
"",
{ text: "Common Motives", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 18 },
" • Illegitimate pregnancy / social stigma",
" • Failure of contraception",
" • Poverty, inability to support child",
" • Extramarital affair",
" • Sex selection (in some regions)",
"",
{ text: "Key Point", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 16 },
" Criminal abortion is responsible for significant maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 3: MEDICO-LEGAL DUTIES
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 03", "Medico-Legal Duties of the Doctor", "When a case of suspected criminal abortion presents");
// SLIDE 12: Immediate Duties
contentSlide("Immediate Duties of the Doctor — Step 1: Treat First", [
{ text: "The treating doctor's PRIMARY duty is to the patient", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 18 },
"",
"1. Stabilize the patient — manage hemorrhage, treat shock",
"2. Assess and manage complications (sepsis, perforation, retained products)",
"3. Arrange blood transfusion if required",
"4. Take detailed history — nature of procedure, substances used, timeline",
"5. Perform thorough general and gynecological examination",
"6. Order relevant investigations: CBC, coagulation, cultures, imaging",
"",
{ text: "Remember: Treatment takes priority over medico-legal formalities", bold: true, color: C.green, fontSize: 15 }
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 13: Medico-Legal Duties — Reporting
contentSlide("Medico-Legal Duties — Reporting & Documentation", [
{ text: "Mandatory Reporting", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 18 },
" • File MLC (Medico-Legal Case) immediately upon admission",
" • Inform the police — suspected criminal abortion is a cognizable offense",
" • Preserve all evidence (instruments, foreign bodies, abortifacient substances)",
"",
{ text: "Documentation", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 18 },
" • Record history in the patient's own words — verbatim in case notes",
" • Note time, date of examination and all physical findings",
" • Describe nature, site, and extent of all injuries",
" • Record general condition: pallor, pulse, BP, signs of sepsis",
"",
{ text: "Evidence Preservation", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 18 },
" • Preserve vaginal swabs, blood, urine, vomitus for chemical analysis",
" • Retain any expelled products of conception for examination"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 14: Examination Findings
contentSlide("Clinical Examination — What to Look For", [
{ text: "General Examination", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" • Pallor, tachycardia, hypotension (hemorrhagic shock)",
" • Fever, rigors (septic abortion)",
" • Signs of drug/chemical toxicity (if abortifacients used)",
"",
{ text: "Local Examination (with speculum)", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" • Vaginal canal: erosions, lacerations, foreign bodies",
" • Cervix: marks of vulsellum forceps, fissures, lacerations",
" • Cervical os: open/partially open (with products visible)",
" • Products of conception at os or in vagina",
"",
{ text: "Uterus", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" • Size corresponds to gestational age",
" • Tenderness: peritoneal involvement / uterine perforation"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 15: Special Duties — Confidentiality
contentSlide("Duty of Confidentiality & Consent", [
{ text: "Confidentiality under MTP Act (Section 5A, post-2021 Amendment)", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" • No RMP shall reveal the name/details of the woman",
" • Except to a person authorized by law",
" • Violation is punishable with fine and/or imprisonment",
"",
{ text: "Consent Issues", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" • Adult woman (≥18 yrs): Only her own written consent required",
" • Minor (<18 yrs) / Mentally ill: Guardian's consent required",
" • Husband or family: NOT required legally",
"",
{ text: "Duty to Cooperate with Investigation", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" • Provide factual medical opinion to police/court if summoned",
" • Medico-legal report must be objective and factual",
" • Doctor may be called as expert witness"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 16: Summary Box — Duties
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// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 4: METHODS OF CRIMINAL ABORTION
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 04", "Methods of Criminal Abortion", "Abortifacient Drugs • Mechanical Methods • Systemic Methods");
// SLIDE 18: Overview of Methods
contentSlide("Overview — Methods of Criminal Abortion", [
{ text: "Timeline of attempts (KS Narayan Reddy)", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Up to end of 1st month: Violent exercise, hot baths, purgatives",
" Up to end of 2nd month: Abortifacient drugs (when suspicion = certainty)",
" 3rd–4th month: Mechanical interference when drugs fail",
"",
{ text: "Classification of Methods", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" A. Abortifacient Drugs",
" i. Systemic (oral/parenteral) ii. Local (vaginal/uterine application)",
" B. Mechanical Methods",
" i. Instrumental (intrauterine) ii. Dilation of cervix",
" C. Systemic Methods",
" i. Violent exercise ii. Trauma / Violence",
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 19: Abortifacient Drugs — Ecbolics
contentSlide("Abortifacient Drugs — Ecbolics (Act on Uterus Directly)", [
{ text: "Ecbolics — increase uterine contraction", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" ⚠ Do NOT dilate cervix — expulsion often incomplete",
"",
{ text: "Ergot", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" Most commonly used • Acts more in advanced pregnancy",
" Side effects: arterial spasm, gangrene of extremities",
"",
{ text: "Quinine", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" Direct action on uterus/uterine nerves — unreliable",
"",
{ text: "Lead (diachylon / lead plaster)", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" Tonic contractions + direct toxic effect on ovum",
" Symptoms of lead poisoning may precede abortion",
"",
{ text: "Pituitary extracts (Oxytocin)", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" Specific oxytocic effect — significant only near term"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 20: Abortifacient Drugs — Irritants
contentSlide("Abortifacient Drugs — Systemic Irritants & Others", [
{ text: "Irritant Drugs (cause systemic toxicity)", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Cantharides (Sp. fly) — GI + urinary tract irritant",
" Phosphorus, Arsenic, Mercury compounds",
" Oil of pennyroyal, Oil of savin (Juniperus sabina)",
" Rue (Ruta graveolens), Ergot of rye",
"",
{ text: "Local Abortifacients (applied to vagina/cervix)", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Potassium permanganate tablets — produce severe chemical burns",
" Caustic soda, phenol, lysol",
" Slippery elm bark — placed in cervical canal; absorbs moisture, swells",
" Paste of arsenic compounds, mercuric chloride",
"",
{ text: "Mechanism", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 15 },
" Irritate uterine mucosa → congestion → bleeding → contractions → expulsion"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 21: Mechanical Methods
contentSlide("Mechanical Methods of Criminal Abortion", [
{ text: "A. Intrauterine Instrumentation", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Instruments introduced through cervix into uterine cavity",
" Knitting needles, sounds, catheters, bougie, curettes, syringe",
" High risk: perforation of uterus, hemorrhage, sepsis",
"",
{ text: "B. Abortion Stick", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Thin bamboo/wood stick 12–18 cm long",
" Wrapped in cotton soaked with juice of marking nut, calotropis, arsenic, mercury",
" Introduced into vagina/cervical os — retained until contractions begin",
" Used by 'dais' and traditional abortionists",
"",
{ text: "C. Syringe Aspiration", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Large syringe + catheter → suction ruptures chorionic sac → expulsion",
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 22: Instruments Image slide
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s.addText("Fig. 17.1: Common instruments used to procure criminal abortion\n(KS Narayan Reddy — Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 36th Ed.)", {
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// SLIDE 23: Cervical Dilation Methods
contentSlide("Cervical Dilation Methods", [
{ text: "Laminaria Tent", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Dried stalk of seaweed; absorbs moisture and swells → dilates cervix",
" Used after 8 weeks in nulliparous women / rigid cervix",
"",
{ text: "Slippery Elm Bark", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Flat pieces inserted into cervical canal",
" Forms jelly-like layer → cervical dilation",
"",
{ text: "Compressed Sponge", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Introduced into cervix; swells with moisture → expulsion",
"",
{ text: "Pessaries / Obturators", bold: true, color: C.orange, fontSize: 17 },
" Left in cervical canal → irritate uterine mucosa → congestion + contractions",
"",
{ text: "Mechanism of Cervical Dilation", bold: true, color: "#7F8C8D", fontSize: 15 },
" All → physical dilation + uterine irritation → contractions → abortion"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 24: Summary Table — Methods
tableSlide(
"Summary: Methods of Criminal Abortion",
["Category", "Agent / Method", "Mechanism", "Main Risk"],
[
["Ecbolic drugs", "Ergot, Quinine, Lead", "Uterine contractions", "Systemic toxicity"],
["Irritant drugs", "Cantharides, Phosphorus", "GI/GU irritation → contractions", "Death from toxicity"],
["Local drugs", "KMnO₄, Arsenic paste", "Chemical burn + irritation", "Tissue necrosis, sepsis"],
["Abortion stick", "Bamboo + irritant paste", "Chemical irritation of uterus", "Tetanus, perforation"],
["Instruments", "Catheter, sound, curette", "Physical disruption of fetus", "Hemorrhage, perforation"],
["Cervical dilators", "Laminaria, sponge", "Cervical dilation", "Incomplete abortion"],
["Aspiration", "Syringe + catheter", "Suction ruptures chorionic sac", "Air embolism"],
],
[2.5, 2.5, 2.8, 1.8]
);
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 5: COMPLICATIONS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 05", "Complications of Criminal Abortion", "Immediate • Delayed • Fatal");
// SLIDE 26: Hemorrhage
contentSlide("Complications — Hemorrhage (Most Common Immediate)", [
{ text: "Primary Hemorrhage", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Occurs at the time of procedure",
" Lacerations of cervix, vagina, uterine wall",
" Uterine perforation with injury to iliac vessels",
" Retained products of conception → continued bleeding",
"",
{ text: "Secondary Hemorrhage", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Occurs days later due to sepsis, sloughing at placental site",
"",
{ text: "Management reminders", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" IV fluids, blood transfusion, uterotonic drugs",
" Emergency suction evacuation / D&C",
" Hysterectomy if uterus perforated with uncontrollable bleeding"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 27: Infection & Sepsis
contentSlide("Complications — Infection & Sepsis", [
{ text: "Organisms responsible", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" • Clostridium welchii (Cl. perfringens)",
" • Escherichia coli",
" • Streptococcus pyogenes",
" • Staphylococcus aureus",
" • Anaerobic streptococci",
"",
{ text: "Spread of infection", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Endometrium → placental site → myometrium → tubes → peritoneum",
"",
{ text: "Conditions resulting", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Endometritis → Salpingitis → Peritonitis → Septicemia",
" Septic shock → Multi-organ failure → DEATH",
"",
{ text: "Strong antiseptics paradoxically worsen infection", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 14 },
" Surface tissue necrosis from caustic agents encourages bacterial growth"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 28: Uterine Perforation
contentSlide("Complications — Uterine Perforation", [
{ text: "Mechanism", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Instruments introduced blindly by untrained abortionists",
" Perforation most common at fundus or posterior uterine wall",
" Broken instrument fragments may remain in cavity",
"",
{ text: "Consequences", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Intraperitoneal hemorrhage → hemorrhagic shock",
" Injury to bowel, bladder, ureters, major vessels",
" Peritonitis if bowel perforated",
"",
{ text: "Diagnosis", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Sudden severe pain during procedure",
" Abdominal rigidity, guarding, tenderness",
" USG / CT abdomen confirms free fluid / pneumoperitoneum",
"",
{ text: "Treatment: Emergency laparotomy", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 15 }
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 29: Air Embolism + Chemical Poisoning
twoColSlide(
"Complications — Air Embolism & Chemical Poisoning",
[
{ text: "Air / Fluid Embolism", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 15 },
"Occurs with syringe aspiration or irrigation",
"Air enters open venous sinuses of uterus",
"Can be FATAL — immediate cardiac arrest",
"",
{ text: "Signs at autopsy", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Right heart filled with frothy blood",
"Marbled appearance of skin",
"Air in heart found on percussion"
],
[
{ text: "Chemical / Drug Toxicity", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 15 },
"Cantharides → severe GI + renal damage",
"Phosphorus → acute liver failure",
"Potassium permanganate → oral/vaginal burns",
"Ergot → arterial spasm, gangrene",
"Lead → systemic lead poisoning",
"",
{ text: "Antiseptic overdose", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Lysol, phenol, Dettol → mucosal burns",
"Potassium permanganate tablets → deep vaginal ulcers"
]
);
// SLIDE 30: Tetanus + Retained Products
twoColSlide(
"Complications — Tetanus & Retained Products",
[
{ text: "Tetanus", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 15 },
"Classic complication of abortion stick use",
"Clostridium tetani introduced via contaminated stick",
"Trismus, risus sardonicus, opisthotonus",
"High mortality without ICU care",
"",
{ text: "Gangrene", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
"Gas gangrene — Cl. welchii",
"Rapid spread, fatal if not treated early",
"Requires surgical debridement + hyperbaric O₂"
],
[
{ text: "Retained Products of Conception", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 15 },
"Incomplete evacuation → continued bleeding",
"Nidus for infection",
"DIC in cases of long-standing retention",
"",
{ text: "Future Reproductive Consequences", bold: true, color: C.accent },
"Asherman syndrome (intrauterine adhesions)",
"Cervical incompetence",
"Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease",
"Infertility / recurrent abortion",
"Ectopic pregnancy risk increased"
]
);
// SLIDE 31: Summary Table — Complications
tableSlide(
"Summary: Complications of Criminal Abortion",
["Category", "Complication", "Key Feature"],
[
["Hemorrhagic", "Primary / Secondary hemorrhage", "Most common immediate cause of death"],
["Infective", "Septicemia, peritonitis", "Cl. welchii, E. coli — most dangerous"],
["Traumatic", "Uterine perforation", "Instruments, bowel/bladder injury"],
["Embolic", "Air embolism", "Fatal — syringe/irrigation methods"],
["Toxic", "Drug / chemical poisoning", "Phosphorus, cantharides, KMnO₄"],
["Neurological", "Tetanus", "Contaminated abortion stick"],
["Delayed", "Infertility, Asherman syndrome", "Long-term reproductive consequences"],
],
[2.2, 4.0, 3.4]
);
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 6: MTP ACT 1971 — ORIGINAL
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 06", "MTP Act, 1971", "Original Provisions — The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act");
// SLIDE 33: Why was the MTP Act needed?
contentSlide("MTP Act 1971 — Background & Purpose", [
{ text: "Background", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Before 1971, ALL abortions were illegal under IPC Sections 312–316",
" Millions of unsafe abortions → major cause of maternal mortality",
" Need for a humane, legally safe framework for therapeutic termination",
"",
{ text: "Enacted", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Act No. 34 of 1971 — enacted by Parliament of India",
" Came into force: 1 April 1972",
"",
{ text: "Aim of the Act", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Reduce maternal morbidity and mortality from unsafe abortions",
" Balance ethical, legal, and medical concerns",
" Ensure abortions are performed by qualified practitioners in approved facilities"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 34: Structure of MTP Act 1971
tableSlide(
"Structure of the MTP Act, 1971",
["Section", "Title / Description"],
[
["Section 1", "Short title, extent, and commencement"],
["Section 2", "Definitions"],
["Section 3", "When pregnancies may be terminated — Indications"],
["Section 4", "Place where pregnancy may be terminated"],
["Section 5", "Termination in emergency (no time limit)"],
["Section 6", "Power to make rules"],
["Sections 7–8", "Power to make regulations + protect actions in good faith"],
],
[1.8, 7.8]
);
// SLIDE 35: Indications under original MTP Act
contentSlide("Indications for MTP under 1971 Act (Section 3)", [
{ text: "1. Therapeutic", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Risk to LIFE of pregnant woman, or grave injury to her physical or mental health",
"",
{ text: "2. Eugenic", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Substantial risk that child would suffer from serious physical or mental abnormality",
" NO time limit for eugenic indication (post 2021 Amendment: Medical Board needed)",
" E.g., maternal infection (rubella, toxoplasmosis), teratogenic drugs, radiotherapy",
"",
{ text: "3. Social / Contraceptive Failure", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Failure of contraceptive device or method (originally: married woman only)",
" Anguish = grave injury to mental health",
" Applicable below 20 weeks (original act)",
"",
{ text: "4. Humanitarian", bold: true, color: C.orange, fontSize: 17 },
" Pregnancy caused by rape → mental anguish = grave injury to mental health"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 36: Qualifications & Place — 1971
twoColSlide(
"Qualifications of Practitioner & Place of MTP",
[
{ text: "Qualified RMP Must Have:", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 15 },
"PG degree/diploma in OBG",
"OR assisted 25 MTP cases",
"OR 6 months as house surgeon in OBG",
" (in a recognized hospital)",
"",
{ text: "Two RMPs needed for:", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 14 },
"> 12 weeks (original 1971 Act)",
"Up to 20 weeks only allowed"
],
[
{ text: "Approved Place:", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 15 },
"Government hospitals",
"Hospitals approved by Government",
"Must have:",
" • Aseptic surgical environment",
" • Emergency resuscitation",
" • Blood transfusion facilities",
" • Postprocedure care",
"",
{ text: "Record keeping:", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C" },
"Opinions kept confidential",
"Forms I, II, III to be maintained"
]
);
// SLIDE 37: Time Limits (Original 1971)
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// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 7: MTP AMENDMENT ACT 2021
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 07", "MTP Amendment Act, 2021", "Key Changes — Came into force 25 March 2021");
// SLIDE 39: What Changed in 2021?
contentSlide("MTP Amendment Act 2021 — Key Changes", [
{ text: "1. Extended Gestational Limits", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Old: Up to 20 weeks (2 RMPs needed for 12–20 wks)",
" New: Up to 24 weeks for special categories (2 RMPs needed)",
"",
{ text: "2. Unmarried Women Included", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Contraceptive failure clause extended to UNMARRIED women",
" Previously available to married women only",
"",
{ text: "3. Privacy Clause Strengthened", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Section 5A: RMP must NOT disclose woman's identity",
" Except to person authorized by law",
" Violation: Fine + Imprisonment",
"",
{ text: "4. Medical Board for Beyond 24 Weeks", bold: true, color: C.orange, fontSize: 17 },
" State Government constitutes Medical Board",
" Handles cases: severe fetal anomalies beyond 24 weeks"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 40: Special Categories for 20–24 week window
contentSlide("Who Can Terminate at 20–24 Weeks? (2021 Amendment)", [
{ text: "Special Categories (Rule 3B) — requiring only 2 RMP opinions:", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 16 },
"",
" 1. Survivors of sexual assault / rape / incest",
" 2. Minors (< 18 years of age)",
" 3. Change in marital status (widowhood or divorce)",
" 4. Women with physical disabilities (as per MCI/PWD Act criteria)",
" 5. Mentally ill women (including intellectual disability)",
" 6. Fetal anomalies — major congenital or chromosomal abnormalities",
" 7. Women in humanitarian settings or disaster / emergency situations",
"",
{ text: "Beyond 24 weeks:", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 16 },
" ONLY for severe fetal anomalies — requires State Medical Board approval",
" Medical Board: Gynecologist + Radiologist/Sonologist + Pediatrician + Others"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 41: 2021 Amendment — Comparison Table
tableSlide(
"MTP Act 1971 vs Amendment Act 2021 — Comparison",
["Feature", "MTP Act 1971 (Original)", "MTP Amendment 2021"],
[
["Gestational limit", "Up to 20 weeks", "Up to 24 weeks (special categories)"],
["1 RMP opinion", "Up to 12 weeks", "Up to 20 weeks"],
["2 RMP opinion", "12 to 20 weeks", "20 to 24 weeks (special categories)"],
["After 24 weeks", "Not permitted", "Medical Board approval (fetal anomaly only)"],
["Contraceptive failure", "Married women only", "Married + Unmarried women"],
["Confidentiality", "Not explicitly mentioned", "Section 5A — punishable breach"],
["Medical Board", "Not present", "Mandated by State Government"],
],
[2.8, 3.4, 3.4]
);
// SLIDE 42: Medical Board — Constitution & Role
contentSlide("Medical Board — Constitution & Role (Post 2021)", [
{ text: "Constituted by:", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" State Governments across India",
"",
{ text: "Composition:", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" • Gynecologist",
" • Radiologist / Sonologist",
" • Pediatrician",
" • Other members as notified by government",
"",
{ text: "Function:", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Reviews cases of fetal anomaly presenting after 24 weeks of gestation",
" Decides if termination is warranted based on severity of anomaly",
" Provides written opinion to the requesting RMP",
"",
{ text: "Time limit for Board opinion:", bold: true, color: C.orange, fontSize: 15 },
" Board must give opinion within 3 days of referral"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// SLIDE 43: Consent in MTP Act
tableSlide(
"Consent for MTP — Who Gives It?",
["Category", "Who Gives Consent?", "Husband/Family Required?"],
[
["Adult woman ≥ 18 years", "The woman herself — written consent only", "No — NOT required"],
["Minor < 18 years", "Guardian's written consent required", "Guardian only"],
["Mentally ill woman", "Guardian's written consent required", "Guardian only"],
["Woman with intellectual disability", "Guardian/authorized person", "Not the husband"],
["Emergency (Sec 5)", "Doctor may proceed without consent", "No — life-saving measure"],
],
[3.2, 3.8, 2.6]
);
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 8: MTP vs CRIMINAL ABORTION COMPARISON
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 08", "MTP vs Criminal Abortion", "Legal Termination vs Unlawful Act");
// SLIDE 45: Comparison Table
tableSlide(
"MTP (Legal) vs Criminal Abortion",
["Feature", "MTP Act (Legal)", "Criminal Abortion"],
[
["Performer", "Registered, qualified RMP (OBG trained)", "Unregistered quack, dai, or self"],
["Gestational limit", "≤ 24 wks (special: Board needed beyond)", "No restriction — any gestation"],
["Place", "Government or approved hospital/clinic", "Unsafe, unhygienic premises"],
["Consent", "Written, informed consent of woman", "Often absent or coerced"],
["Legality", "Legal — governed by MTP Act", "Criminal offense — IPC 312–316"],
["Complications", "Minimal if done by trained RMP in facility", "High — sepsis, hemorrhage, death"],
["Record keeping", "Mandatory (Form I, II, III)", "None — hidden / clandestine"],
["Reporting", "Confidential to government records", "Reported to police when detected"],
],
[2.5, 3.5, 3.6]
);
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 9: AUTOPSY FINDINGS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 09", "Medico-Legal Autopsy Findings", "Death Due to Criminal Abortion");
// SLIDE 47: Autopsy Findings
contentSlide("Autopsy Findings in Death Due to Criminal Abortion", [
{ text: "External Examination", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" Pallor, jaundice (if septic), cyanosis (if air embolism)",
" Burns/corrosion of genitalia if caustic substances used",
" Examination of clothing, bedlinen (blood-stained, Dettol smell)",
"",
{ text: "Internal Examination — Uterus", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" Enlarged uterus consistent with gestational age",
" Perforation/laceration of uterine wall",
" Retained products of conception (placenta, fetal parts)",
" Endometrium: inflamed, necrotic, with organisms",
"",
{ text: "Blood & Other Samples to Preserve", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" Blood, urine, vomit, vaginal swabs — chemical analysis",
" Expelled material — DNA profiling to identify accused",
" Bacteriological cultures from uterine contents"
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 48: Cause of Death
contentSlide("Common Causes of Death in Criminal Abortion", [
{ text: "I. Immediate (within hours)", bold: true, color: C.accent, fontSize: 17 },
" • Primary hemorrhage (uterine perforation, cervical laceration)",
" • Vagal inhibition — sudden instrumental stimulation of cervix (sudden cardiac arrest)",
" • Air embolism — air entering uterine veins via syringe",
" • Anesthetic overdose (if chloroform/ether used)",
"",
{ text: "II. Early (1–3 days)", bold: true, color: C.accent2, fontSize: 17 },
" • Septicemia from infected incomplete abortion",
" • Peritonitis from uterine perforation",
" • Drug/chemical toxicity",
"",
{ text: "III. Delayed (1–3 weeks)", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C", fontSize: 17 },
" • Tetanus",
" • Gas gangrene",
" • Secondary hemorrhage from sloughing",
" • Multi-organ failure (renal, hepatic failure)"
], { fontSize: 16 });
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// SECTION 10: SUMMARY & CLINICAL PEARLS
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
sectionSlide("SECTION 10", "Summary & Clinical Pearls", "Key Points for MBBS Final Exam");
// SLIDE 50: Clinical Pearls
contentSlide("High-Yield Exam Points", [
{ text: "Definitions", bold: true, color: C.accent },
" Medical abortion: Expulsion before 28 weeks | Legal: Expulsion before full term (any gestation)",
{ text: "Criminal Abortion", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" IPC 312 — causing miscarriage | IPC 313 — without consent | IPC 314 — death of woman",
{ text: "Most Dangerous Complication", bold: true, color: C.accent },
" Septicemia (Cl. welchii) — can lead to rapid multi-organ failure",
{ text: "Air Embolism", bold: true, color: C.accent2 },
" FATAL — syringe aspiration; right heart frothy blood at autopsy",
{ text: "Abortion Stick", bold: true, color: C.accent },
" Bamboo + irritant paste → TETANUS classic complication",
{ text: "MTP Act 2021 Key Point", bold: true, color: "#1ABC9C" },
" Up to 24 weeks (special categories) | Unmarried women now included | Medical Board > 24 wks",
{ text: "Doctor's Duty: TREAT first, then report to police", bold: true, color: C.orange }
], { fontSize: 15 });
// SLIDE 51: References
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{ text: "2. P C Dikshit, ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent } },
{ text: "Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Chapter 28 (Abortion)\n\n", options: { color: "AEBFD7" } },
{ text: "3. Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology\n\n", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent, breakLine: true } },
{ text: "4. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (Act No. 34 of 1971)\n\n", options: { color: "AEBFD7" } },
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// ─── WRITE FILE ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
pres.writeFile({ fileName: "/home/daytona/workspace/criminal-abortion-ppt/Criminal_Abortion_MTP_Act.pptx" })
.then(() => console.log("DONE: Criminal_Abortion_MTP_Act.pptx"))
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Running Command
cd /home/daytona/workspace/criminal-abortion-ppt && node build.js 2>&1
Running Command
ls -lh /home/daytona/workspace/criminal-abortion-ppt/Criminal_Abortion_MTP_Act.p…
Your presentation is ready! Download it here:
Criminal Abortion MTP Act
Presentation · PPTX
What's inside (52 slides total)
The presentation covers all 4 sub-questions of your exam question, organized into 10 sections with a professional dark navy + crimson color theme:
| Section | Slides | Content |
|---|---|---|
| Title & Scenario | 1–3 | Title slide, clinical case, table of contents |
| 01 – Definitions | 4–7 | Medical vs legal definition, classification (natural/artificial/clinical types) |
| 02 – Criminal Abortion | 8–10 | Definition, IPC Sections 312–316, who performs it & motives |
| 03 – Medico-Legal Duties | 11–16 | Treat first, reporting MLC, documentation, examination findings, confidentiality, summary box |
| 04 – Methods | 17–24 | Ecbolics (ergot, quinine, lead), irritants, local drugs, abortion stick, instruments, cervical dilators — with the actual textbook image of instruments (Fig. 17.1, KS Narayan Reddy) |
| 05 – Complications | 25–31 | Hemorrhage, sepsis (organisms), uterine perforation, air embolism, tetanus, retained products, future infertility — summary table |
| 06 – MTP Act 1971 | 32–37 | Background, structure, 4 indications (therapeutic/eugenic/social/humanitarian), qualifications, time limits |
| 07 – 2021 Amendment | 38–43 | 4 key changes, Rule 3B special categories (20–24 wks), comparison table, Medical Board, consent table |
| 08–09 – Comparison & Autopsy | 44–48 | MTP vs criminal abortion table, autopsy findings, causes of death (immediate/early/delayed) |
| 10 – Summary | 49–52 | High-yield exam pearls, references (Dikshit, KS Narayan Reddy, Parikh's, MTP Act), Thank You |
Sources used: KS Narayan Reddy Essentials of FMT 36th Ed. (2026), P C Dikshit Textbook of FMT, Parikh's Medical Jurisprudence, and the MTP Act text itself.
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