For 1st Year MBBS Biochemistry Practical, these are the most important

For 1st Year MBBS Biochemistry Practical, these are the most important practical topics that are commonly asked in university exams and viva. 1. Urine Analysis (Very Important ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐) Physical examination of urine Colour Appearance Odour Specific gravity pH Chemical tests Protein (Heat & Acetic acid test) Glucose (Benedict's test) Ketone bodies (Rothera's test) Bile salts (Hay's sulphur test) Bile pigments (Fouchet's/Gmelin's test) Blood (Benzidine/Orthotolidine test) 2. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Know the principle, reagent, procedure, observation and inference of: Molisch test Benedict test Barfoed test Seliwanoff test Bial's test Iodine test Osazone test 3. Qualitative Analysis of Proteins ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Biuret test Ninhydrin test Xanthoproteic test Millon's test Hopkins-Cole test Sulphur test Sakaguchi test 4. Colorimetry ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Principle of colorimetry Beer-Lambert's law Parts of colorimeter Uses Sources of error 5. Instruments ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Colorimeter Centrifuge Micropipette Spectrophotometer (basic) Water bath 6. Blood Glucose Estimation ⭐⭐⭐⭐ GOD-POD method Principle Procedure Normal values Clinical significance 7. Liver Function Tests (LFT) ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Parameters Normal values Clinical significance 8. Kidney Function Tests (KFT) ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Serum urea Serum creatinine Uric acid Clinical importance 9. Lipid Profile ⭐⭐⭐ Total cholesterol Triglycerides HDL VLDL

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What's included:

Topic 1 - All physical + chemical urine tests with reagents, positive results, and clinical meaning
Topic 2 - All 7 carbohydrate tests in a table + osazone crystal shapes (a classic viva trap)
Topic 3 - All 7 protein tests with the specific amino acid/group each detects
Topic 4 - Beer-Lambert law (A = εcl), all parts of a colorimeter, sources of error
Topic 5 - Colorimeter vs spectrophotometer comparison, centrifuge, micropipette, water bath
Topic 6 - GOD-POD two-step reaction written out, normal glucose values, clinical states
Topic 7 - All LFT parameters with normal values + jaundice differentiator table
Topic 8 - Urea, creatinine (Jaffe's), uric acid with normal values + BUN:creatinine ratio
Topic 9 - Lipid profile values + Friedewald formula (LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5)
Viva tips - 10 most commonly asked one-liner questions with answers

A few things to memorize before the exam: the Friedewald formula, Beer-Lambert's law, the GOD-POD wavelength (505 nm), and why proline gives yellow with ninhydrin - examiners love those details.

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