import pdfplumber pdf_path = "/tmp/workspace/attachments/964a6fa3-d4e8-4bca-bac4-f7e7207c5ec9/ANAT ABVMU 20-24 (1) (2)_260514_001756.pdf" with pdfplumber.open(pdf_path) as pdf: print(f"Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}") # Extract first 5 pages to understand structure for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages[:5]): print(f"\n===== PAGE {i+1} =====") text = page.extract_text() if text: print(text[:2000]) else: print("[No text extracted]")

python3 -c " import pdfplumber pdf_path = '/tmp/workspace/attachments/964a6fa3-d4e8-4bca-bac4-f7e7207c5ec9/ANAT ABVMU 20-24 (1) (2)_260514_001756.pdf' with pdfplumber.open(pdf_path) as pdf: print(f'Total pages: {len(pdf.pages)}') for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages[:5]): print(f'\n===== PAGE {i+1} =====') text = page.extract_text() if text: print(text[:2000]) else: print('[No text extracted]') "

python3 -c " import pdfplumber pdf_path = '/tmp/workspace/attachments/964a6fa3-d4e8-4bca-bac4-f7e7207c5ec9/ANAT ABVMU 20-24 (1) (2)_260514_001756.pdf' all_text = [] with pdfplumber.open(pdf_path) as pdf: for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages): text = page.extract_text() if text: all_text.append(f'\n\n===== PAGE {i+1} =====\n{text}') full_text = ''.join(all_text) # Save to file with open('/tmp/workspace/anat_full.txt', 'w') as f: f.write(full_text) print('Done. Total chars:', len(full_text)) print('First 500:', full_text[:500]) "

python3 -c " # Let's read the full text and look at page structure to understand units with open('/tmp/workspace/anat_full.txt', 'r') as f: text = f.read() # Print all page headers and paper codes lines = text.split('\n') for i, line in enumerate(lines): if 'PAGE' in line or 'Paper' in line or 'PAPER' in line or 'Unit' in line or 'UNIT' in line or 'Paper Code' in line or 'Code' in line: print(f'Line {i}: {line}') "

python3 << 'EOF' # Read all text and extract all MCQs with their paper/unit info with open('/tmp/workspace/anat_full.txt', 'r') as f: text = f.read() # Print ALL the MCQ sections across all pages to understand patterns # Let's print large chunks to get the whole picture pages = text.split('===== PAGE') print(f'Total page sections: {len(pages)}') print('Checking each page for MCQ content...') for i, page in enumerate(pages[1:], 1): # Extract page number from start lines = page.strip().split('\n') header = lines[0] if lines else '' # Check if has MCQs if any(kw in page.upper() for kw in ['MULTIPLE CHOICE', 'MCQ', 'CHOOSE', 'CORRECT ANSWER', 'MOST APPROPRIATE']): print(f'\n--- Page section {i}: {header} ---') print(page[:3000]) print('...[continues]...') EOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' # Read remaining pages with open('/tmp/workspace/anat_full.txt', 'r') as f: text = f.read() pages = text.split('===== PAGE') # Print pages 35-43 (the end) for i, page in enumerate(pages[35:], 35): print(f'\n===== PAGE SECTION {i} =====') print(page[:3000]) PYEOF

mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/anatomy_quiz && echo "Directory ready"

~/anatomy_quiz/ABVMU_Anatomy_Practice_Quiz.md

python3 << 'EOF' # Convert markdown to PDF using reportlab from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, PageBreak from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_JUSTIFY doc = SimpleDocTemplate( "/tmp/workspace/anatomy_quiz/ABVMU_Anatomy_Practice_Quiz.pdf", pagesize=A4, topMargin=1.5*cm, bottomMargin=1.5*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm, rightMargin=1.8*cm ) styles = getSampleStyleSheet() # Custom styles title_style = ParagraphStyle('Title', parent=styles['Title'], fontSize=16, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceAfter=6) subtitle_style = ParagraphStyle('Subtitle', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#333333'), spaceAfter=12, alignment=TA_CENTER) unit_header_style = ParagraphStyle('UnitHeader', parent=styles['Heading1'], fontSize=13, textColor=colors.white, backColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceBefore=14, spaceAfter=4, leftIndent=-5, rightIndent=-5, leading=18) sub_header_style = ParagraphStyle('SubHeader', parent=styles['Heading2'], fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#1a237e'), spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=4, italic=True) q_style = ParagraphStyle('Question', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=10, spaceBefore=8, spaceAfter=2, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') opt_style = ParagraphStyle('Option', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=9.5, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1, leftIndent=12) ans_header_style = ParagraphStyle('AnsHeader', parent=styles['Heading3'], fontSize=10, textColor=colors.HexColor('#2e7d32'), spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4) note_style = ParagraphStyle('Note', parent=styles['Normal'], fontSize=8.5, textColor=colors.HexColor('#555555'), italic=True, alignment=TA_CENTER, spaceAfter=10) with open('/tmp/workspace/anatomy_quiz/ABVMU_Anatomy_Practice_Quiz.md', 'r') as f: content = f.read() print("File length:", len(content)) print("Done reading.") EOF

python3 << 'PYEOF' from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import A4 from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet, ParagraphStyle from reportlab.lib.units import cm from reportlab.lib import colors from reportlab.platypus import (SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, Table, TableStyle, HRFlowable, PageBreak, KeepTogether) from reportlab.lib.enums import TA_LEFT, TA_CENTER, TA_RIGHT W, H = A4 output_path = "/tmp/workspace/anatomy_quiz/ABVMU_Anatomy_PracticeQuiz.pdf" doc = SimpleDocTemplate( output_path, pagesize=A4, topMargin=1.8*cm, bottomMargin=1.8*cm, leftMargin=1.8*cm, rightMargin=1.8*cm ) # ── palette ────────────────────────────────────────────── DARK_BLUE = colors.HexColor('#1a237e') MID_BLUE = colors.HexColor('#1565c0') LIGHT_BLUE = colors.HexColor('#e3f2fd') GREEN = colors.HexColor('#2e7d32') LIGHT_GRN = colors.HexColor('#e8f5e9') AMBER = colors.HexColor('#f57f17') GRAY = colors.HexColor('#546e7a') LGRAY = colors.HexColor('#f5f5f5') RED = colors.HexColor('#b71c1c') # ── styles ──────────────────────────────────────────────── SS = getSampleStyleSheet() def sty(name, parent='Normal', **kw): return ParagraphStyle(name, parent=SS[parent], **kw) cover_title = sty('ct', 'Title', fontSize=22, textColor=DARK_BLUE, spaceAfter=6, alignment=TA_CENTER, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') cover_sub = sty('cs', 'Normal', fontSize=11, textColor=GRAY, spaceAfter=4, alignment=TA_CENTER) cover_note = sty('cn', 'Normal', fontSize=9, textColor=GRAY, spaceAfter=2, alignment=TA_CENTER, italic=True) unit_h = sty('uh', 'Normal', fontSize=13, textColor=colors.white, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=4, spaceAfter=4, leftIndent=8, leading=18) unit_sub = sty('us', 'Normal', fontSize=9, textColor=MID_BLUE, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique', spaceAfter=8, leftIndent=4) q_style = sty('qs', 'Normal', fontSize=10, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', spaceBefore=7, spaceAfter=2, textColor=colors.black) opt_style = sty('os', 'Normal', fontSize=9.5, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1, leftIndent=14, textColor=colors.HexColor('#222222')) ans_correct = sty('ac', 'Normal', fontSize=9.5, spaceBefore=1, spaceAfter=1, leftIndent=14, textColor=GREEN, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') ans_hdr = sty('ah', 'Normal', fontSize=11, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=GREEN, spaceBefore=10, spaceAfter=4) ans_row_q = sty('arq', 'Normal', fontSize=9, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=colors.black) ans_row_a = sty('ara', 'Normal', fontSize=9, textColor=GREEN, fontName='Helvetica-Bold') ans_row_e = sty('are', 'Normal', fontSize=8.5, textColor=GRAY, fontName='Helvetica-Oblique') repeat_h = sty('rh', 'Normal', fontSize=11, fontName='Helvetica-Bold', textColor=RED, spaceBefore=6, spaceAfter=4) repeat_note = sty('rn', 'Normal', fontSize=9, textColor=GRAY, spaceAfter=12) # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # DATA — 9 units, each with questions + answer key # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # Format: (question_text, [optA, optB, optC, optD], correct_letter, explanation) # correct_letter: 'A','B','C','D' UNITS = [ # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 1, "title": "GENERAL ANATOMY", "subtitle": "Histology · Osteology · Joints · Connective Tissue", "qs": [ ("Which epithelium offers best protection against mechanical injuries?", ["Stratified cuboidal","Stratified columnar", "Keratinized stratified squamous","Non-keratinized stratified squamous"], "C","Keratin layer absorbs mechanical stress — found on skin."), ("Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is present in:", ["Trachea","Oesophagus","Duodenum","Gall bladder"], "B","Oesophagus, oral cavity, vagina — areas needing protection but not keratinization."), ("The term 'urothelium' is used for:", ["Transitional epithelium","Pseudostratified epithelium", "Simple columnar epithelium","Simple cuboidal epithelium"], "A","Transitional epithelium lines the urinary tract; stretches without rupture."), ("Lumen of urinary bladder is lined by:", ["Transitional epithelium","Squamous epithelium", "Cuboidal epithelium","Columnar epithelium"], "A","Allows bladder to expand 2–8× when filling."), ("All are characteristics of epithelium EXCEPT:", ["Cells have surface modifications","Very little intercellular space", "Rests on basement membrane","Highly vascular"], "D","Epithelium is AVASCULAR; nutrients arrive by diffusion from underlying connective tissue."), ("The joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone is:", ["Symphysis","Synchondrosis","Syndesmosis","Sutural"], "B","Epiphyseal plate = primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)."), ("Symphysis pubis is a variety of:", ["Primary cartilaginous joint","Secondary cartilaginous joint", "Synovial joint","Both A & C"], "B","Secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis) — fibrocartilage pad between bones."), ("Intervertebral disc is made up of:", ["Elastic tissue","White fibrocartilage","Elastic cartilage","Hyaline cartilage"], "B","Annulus fibrosus = white fibrocartilage; nucleus pulposus = remnant of notochord."), ("Which is an example of elastic cartilage?", ["Epiglottis","Cricoid cartilage","Thyroid cartilage","Costal cartilages"], "A","Epiglottis + auricle + external auditory meatus = elastic cartilage."), ("A synarthrosis is:", ["Freely mobile joint","Partially mobile joint","Immovable joint","Simple joint"], "C","Synarthrosis = fibrous immovable joint (e.g., skull sutures)."), ("Coracoid process of scapula is an example of:", ["Pressure epiphysis","Traction epiphysis","Atavistic epiphysis","Aberrant epiphysis"], "B","Pulled by short head of biceps, coracobrachialis, pectoralis minor."), ("Which is the most vascular area of a long bone?", ["Epiphysis","Metaphysis","Diaphysis","Epiphyseal line"], "B","Metaphysis → site of osteomyelitis in children; red marrow sinusoids."), ("Primary centre of ossification appears in:", ["Metaphysis","Epiphyseal plate","Epiphysis","Diaphysis"], "D","Primary (diaphysis, intra-uterine); secondary (epiphysis, after birth)."), ("Fascia is an example of:", ["Dense irregular connective tissue","Loose connective tissue", "Dense regular connective tissue","Reticular tissue"], "A","Fibres in multiple directions — dense irregular CT."), ("Which lacks goblet cells?", ["Oesophagus","Trachea","Ileum","Nasal cavity"], "A","Oesophagus = stratified squamous; goblet cells present in respiratory & GI epithelia."), ("Colloid is associated with which endocrine organ?", ["Ovary","Testis","Thyroid gland","Suprarenal gland"], "C","Thyroid follicles store colloid (thyroglobulin)."), ("Thyroid follicular cells when ACTIVE are:", ["Columnar","Cuboidal","Squamous","Transitional"], "A","Active (hypersecreting) = tall columnar; inactive = low cuboidal."), ("Hassall's corpuscles are found in:", ["Spleen","Thymus","Lymph node","Palatine tonsil"], "B","Concentric whorls of epithelial cells in thymic medulla."), ("Oxyntic (parietal) cells secrete:", ["Pepsin","Mucous","Hydrochloric acid","Gastrin"], "C","Parietal cells → HCl + intrinsic factor; chief cells → pepsinogen."), ("Peyer's patches are present in:", ["Duodenum","Jejunum","Ileum","Transverse colon"], "C","Lymphoid aggregates in ileal submucosa — sample gut antigens."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 2, "title": "EMBRYOLOGY", "subtitle": "Early Development · Derivatives · Organogenesis · Chromosomes", "qs": [ ("The primitive streak first appears at:", ["4th week","3rd week (Day 15)","2nd week","1st week"], "B","Primitive streak = start of gastrulation; bilaminar → trilaminar disc."), ("Acrosomal cap of sperm is formed by:", ["Golgi apparatus","Nucleus","Endoplasmic reticulum","Mitochondria"], "A","Golgi forms acrosomal vesicle; mitochondria → middle piece energy."), ("Correct order of barriers sperm must pass:", ["Zona pellucida → Vitelline membrane → Corona radiata", "Zona pellucida → Corona radiata → Vitelline membrane", "Corona radiata → Zona pellucida → Vitelline membrane", "Corona radiata → Vitelline membrane → Zona pellucida"], "C","Outermost = corona radiata → zona pellucida → vitelline membrane."), ("The blastocoel becomes the:", ["Chorionic cavity","Primary yolk sac","Extraembryonic coelom","Amniotic cavity"], "B","Blastocoel → lined by hypoblast → becomes primary yolk sac."), ("Capacitation of sperm occurs in:", ["Vas deferens","Fallopian tube / uterus","Vagina","Epididymis"], "B","Glycoprotein coat removed → hyperactivated motility + acrosome reaction ability."), ("Primordial germ cells originate from:", ["Epiblast","Hypoblast","Yolk sac wall (near allantois)","Primitive node"], "C","PGCs migrate from yolk sac → along hindgut → gonadal ridges."), ("Maternal part of placenta develops from:", ["Decidua basalis","Chorion frondosum","Decidua capsularis","Decidua parietalis"], "A","Decidua basalis = maternal; chorion frondosum = fetal part of placenta."), ("Somites develop from:", ["Paraxial mesoderm","Intermediate mesoderm", "Lateral plate mesoderm","Endoderm"], "A","42–44 pairs of somites from paraxial mesoderm → sclerotome, dermatome, myotome."), ("Anencephaly occurs due to failure in closure of:", ["Posterior neuropore","Anterior neuropore", "Spinous process","Entire neural tube"], "B","Anterior neuropore → anencephaly; posterior neuropore → spina bifida occulta / myelomeningocele."), ("Cartilage of 2nd pharyngeal arch forms:", ["Incus","Malleus", "Stapes + styloid + small cornua + upper body of hyoid", "Greater cornua + lower body of hyoid"], "C","Reichert's cartilage (2nd arch) → stapes, styloid process, small cornua of hyoid."), ("All are derivatives of mesonephric duct EXCEPT:", ["Vas deferens","Seminal vesicles","Gartner's duct","Uterine tubes"], "D","Uterine (Fallopian) tubes = paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct."), ("Gartner's duct is derived from:", ["Genital tubercle","Mesonephric tubule","Mesonephric duct","Paramesonephric duct"], "C","Gartner's duct = vestigial remnant of mesonephric duct in females."), ("FALSE statement about Meckel's diverticulum:", ["Found in 2–4% of population","Usually 20 cm in length", "Attached to antimesenteric border","May contain gastric mucosa"], "B","Rule of 2s: 2 INCHES (5 cm) long, 2 feet from ileocaecal valve, 2% population."), ("Urorectal septum divides cloaca into:", ["Rectum and urogenital sinus","Bladder and allantois", "Rectum and bladder","Hindgut and bladder"], "A","Urorectal septum descends → dorsal rectum + ventral urogenital sinus."), ("The sex of a child is determined by:", ["Male chromosome (Y)","Female chromosome","Environmental factors","Maternal hormones"], "A","SRY gene on Y chromosome → testes-determining factor."), ("Role of colchicine in karyotyping:", ["Nourishing medium","Mitotic agent","Antimitotic agent","Staining agent"], "C","Colchicine arrests cell division in METAPHASE by blocking spindle formation."), ("Which type of chromosome is NOT seen in humans?", ["Metacentric","Sub-metacentric","Telocentric","Acrocentric"], "C","Telocentric (centromere at very tip) is absent in humans."), ("In a 32-day menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs at:", ["14th day","16th day","18th day","20th day"], "C","Ovulation = Cycle length − 14 = 32 − 14 = Day 18."), ("Embryologically, genital swellings in the male give rise to:", ["Penile urethra","Penis","Scrotal sac","Prostate"], "C","Labioscrotal swellings → scrotum (male) or labia majora (female)."), ("All develop from foregut EXCEPT:", ["Stomach","Liver","Vermiform appendix","Pancreas"], "C","Appendix = midgut derivative (caecal bud of midgut loop)."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 3, "title": "HEAD AND NECK", "subtitle": "Bones · Muscles · Nerves · Glands · Sinuses · Fasciae · Vessels", "qs": [ ("Which muscle divides the submandibular gland into superficial and deep parts?", ["Hyoglossus","Geniohyoid","Mylohyoid","Anterior belly of digastric"], "C","Mylohyoid forms the floor of the mouth; gland hooks around its posterior free edge."), ("Which nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?", ["Trochlear","Trigeminal","Facial (VII)","Glossopharyngeal"], "C","CN VII (motor to face); CN V (sensory from face)."), ("Which cranial nerve is stimulated during syringing of ear (causing cough reflex)?", ["VIII — Vestibulocochlear","IX — Glossopharyngeal", "X — Vagus (Arnold's nerve)","XI — Accessory"], "C","Arnold's nerve = auricular branch of vagus; travels through ear canal."), ("Which sinus does NOT drain into the middle meatus?", ["Anterior ethmoidal","Middle ethmoidal","Posterior ethmoidal","Maxillary"], "C","Posterior ethmoidal → SUPERIOR meatus; all others drain into middle meatus."), ("Which ganglion is concerned with lacrimation?", ["Pterygopalatine","Ciliary","Otic","Trigeminal"], "A","Post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres → lacrimal gland via zygomatic & lacrimal nerve."), ("Which is NOT a component of the carotid sheath?", ["Vagus nerve","Internal carotid artery","Internal jugular vein","Sympathetic trunk"], "D","Sympathetic trunk lies POSTERIOR to the sheath, not inside it."), ("Infection in the dangerous area of face leads to:", ["Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis","Cavernous sinus thrombosis", "Brain abscess","Torticollis"], "B","Angular/ophthalmic veins lack valves → retrograde spread to cavernous sinus."), ("All are peripheral parasympathetic ganglia EXCEPT:", ["Otic","Geniculate","Ciliary","Pterygopalatine"], "B","Geniculate = sensory (taste/general sensation) ganglion of CN VII; NOT parasympathetic."), ("All are pneumatic bones EXCEPT:", ["Sphenoid","Maxilla","Ethmoid","Mandible"], "D","Mandible is NOT a pneumatic bone."), ("Nasolacrimal duct opens into:", ["Superior meatus","Middle meatus","Supreme meatus","Inferior meatus"], "D","Under the inferior turbinate in the inferior meatus."), ("Safety muscle of larynx is:", ["Lateral cricoarytenoid","Posterior cricoarytenoid", "Transverse arytenoid","Thyroarytenoid"], "B","Posterior cricoarytenoid = ONLY abductor of vocal cords; opens glottis."), ("Taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue is carried by:", ["Facial nerve (chorda tympani)","Glossopharyngeal nerve", "Hypoglossal nerve","Vagus nerve"], "A","Chorda tympani (branch of CN VII) → taste anterior 2/3; CN IX → posterior 1/3."), ("The chorda tympani carries:", ["Motor to muscles of mastication", "Taste fibres for anterior 2/3 tongue", "General sensation for anterior 2/3 tongue", "Taste fibres for posterior 1/3 tongue"], "B","Also carries parasympathetic to submandibular + sublingual glands."), ("All supplied by mandibular nerve EXCEPT:", ["Medial pterygoid","Lateral pterygoid", "Posterior belly of digastric","Anterior belly of digastric"], "C","Posterior belly of digastric = CN VII (facial nerve)."), ("Piriform fossa is located in:", ["Laryngopharynx","Laryngeal inlet","Oropharynx","Nasopharynx"], "A","Lateral recess of laryngopharynx; common foreign body impaction site."), ("A pituitary tumour expanding laterally first compresses which nerve?", ["Abducent (VI)","Trochlear (IV)","Oculomotor (III)","Optic (II)"], "A","CN VI runs freely in the cavernous sinus; most medially placed cranial nerve."), ("The clinically important area overlying the middle meningeal artery is:", ["Pterion","Inion","Bregma","Nasion"], "A","Pterion = thinnest area of skull; junction of 4 bones; middle meningeal artery below."), ("Lesser petrosal nerve passes through:", ["Canaliculus innominatus","Foramen spinosum", "Foramen rotundum","Foramen ovale"], "D","Lesser petrosal (from CN IX) exits skull via foramen ovale → otic ganglion."), ("Which layer of scalp is the 'dangerous layer'?", ["Subcutaneous layer","Aponeurotic layer", "Loose areolar tissue","Pericranium"], "C","Loose areolar tissue = SCALP layer 4; infection spreads widely here; emissary veins connect to intracranial venous sinuses."), ("'Safety muscle' of tongue is:", ["Hyoglossus","Genioglossus","Palatoglossus","Styloglossus"], "B","Genioglossus protrudes tongue anteriorly; prevents obstruction of airway."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 4, "title": "UPPER LIMB", "subtitle": "Bones · Muscles · Nerves · Vessels · Joints", "qs": [ ("Which structure passes through the carpal tunnel?", ["Radial artery","Ulnar nerve","Ulnar artery","Median nerve"], "D","Carpal tunnel: median nerve + 4 FDS + 4 FDP + 1 FPL tendons (9 tendons)."), ("Which structure does NOT pass through the carpal tunnel?", ["Tendon of flexor carpi radialis","Tendon of flexor pollicis longus", "Tendons of FDS","Tendons of FDP"], "A","FCR runs in its own osseofibrous canal within the flexor retinaculum."), ("Winging of scapula is due to paralysis of:", ["Latissimus dorsi","Rhomboid major","Levator scapulae","Serratus anterior"], "D","Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7); loss of serratus → medial border protrudes (winging)."), ("Which nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?", ["Axillary","Suprascapular","Radial","Musculocutaneous"], "A","Axillary nerve (C5,C6) → deltoid + teres minor."), ("Rotator cuff muscles — all EXCEPT:", ["Supraspinatus","Infraspinatus","Teres major","Subscapularis"], "C","Rotator cuff = SITS: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres MINOR, Subscapularis."), ("Erb's palsy is due to injury of:", ["Upper trunk of brachial plexus (C5,C6)","Lower trunk (C8,T1)", "C5 root alone","Dislocation of shoulder"], "A","Upper trunk injury → Porter's tip/waiter's tip deformity."), ("Fracture of which carpal bone is prone to avascular necrosis?", ["Lunate","Scaphoid","Pisiform","Hamate"], "B","Scaphoid blood supply enters distally; proximal fragment loses vascularity after fracture."), ("Medial border of cubital fossa is formed by:", ["Pronator teres","Brachialis","Brachioradialis","Biceps brachii"], "A","Cubital fossa: medial = pronator teres; lateral = brachioradialis; floor = brachialis."), ("Elbow joint belongs to which type of synovial joint?", ["Pivot","Saddle","Hinge","Ellipsoidal"], "C","Hinge (ginglymous) — uniaxial: flexion and extension only."), ("All muscles take part in rotator cuff EXCEPT:", ["Supraspinatus","Infraspinatus","Teres major","Teres minor"], "C","Teres MAJOR is not a rotator cuff muscle (it adducts + medially rotates arm)."), ("Action of Palmar interossei is:", ["Adduction of fingers","Abduction of fingers", "Flexion of thumb","Extension at IP joint"], "A","PAD = Palmar ADduct; DAB = Dorsal ABduct."), ("In CNS, myelin sheath is formed by:", ["Schwann cells","Oligodendrocytes","Astrocytes","Microglia"], "B","Oligodendrocytes (CNS) vs. Schwann cells (PNS)."), ("Pyramidal fibres arise from Brodmann's area:", ["3, 1, 2","4","21, 22","44, 45"], "B","Area 4 = primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)."), ("Loss of sensation at tip of index finger indicates injury to:", ["Median nerve","Radial nerve","Ulnar nerve","Posterior interosseous nerve"], "A","Median nerve supplies digital branches to index, middle, and lateral ring fingers."), ("Infection of index finger spreads to:", ["Midpalmar space","Thenar space","Radial bursa","Dorsum of hand"], "C","Index finger flexor sheath communicates with radial bursa."), ("Clavipectoral fascia is pierced by all EXCEPT:", ["Cephalic vein","Thoraco-acromial artery", "Medial pectoral nerve","Lymph vessels from breast"], "C","Medial pectoral nerve pierces pectoralis minor; LATERAL pectoral nerve pierces clavipectoral fascia."), ("Branches of 3rd part of axillary artery — all EXCEPT:", ["Subscapular","Suprascapular", "Anterior circumflex humeral","Posterior circumflex humeral"], "B","Suprascapular = branch of thyrocervical trunk (subclavian artery)."), ("Anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of:", ["Median nerve","Ulnar nerve","Superficial branch of radial","Deep branch of radial"], "A","AIN = branch of median nerve; supplies FPL, lat FDP, pronator quadratus."), ("Porter's tip deformity occurs due to:", ["Erb's paralysis","Klumpke's paralysis","Radial nerve injury","Axillary nerve injury"], "A","Erb's = upper trunk (C5,C6); arm hangs: adducted, medially rotated, pronated."), ("First carpometacarpal joint is an example of:", ["Hinge","Pivot","Saddle","Ball and socket"], "C","Saddle (sellar) joint — allows opposition of thumb (unique to primates)."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 5, "title": "NEUROANATOMY", "subtitle": "Brain · Spinal Cord · Tracts · Ventricles · CSF · Blood Supply", "qs": [ ("Lateral spinothalamic tract carries:", ["Pain + temperature — contralateral body", "Pain + temperature — ipsilateral body", "Crude touch — contralateral","Crude touch — ipsilateral"], "A","Fibres cross in anterior white commissure at the level they enter → contralateral."), ("Lesions of basal ganglia cause:", ["Weber's syndrome","Parkinsonism","Syringomyelia","Brown-Séquard syndrome"], "B","Dopamine depletion in substantia nigra → Parkinson's (rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia)."), ("Purkinje cells are present in:", ["Spinal cord","Cerebrum","Cerebellum","Brain stem"], "C","Purkinje cells = only output neurons of cerebellar cortex (GABA-ergic, inhibitory)."), ("Substantia nigra is located in:", ["Midbrain","Pons","Medulla oblongata","Spinal cord"], "A","Substantia nigra pars compacta produces dopamine → nigrostriatal pathway."), ("Internal capsule part containing auditory radiation:", ["Retrolentiform part","Sublentiform part","Genu","Anterior limb"], "B","Sublentiform = auditory radiation; retrolentiform = optic radiation."), ("Fasciculus connecting nuclei of CN III, IV, VI, XI:", ["Lenticularis","Uncinate","Medial longitudinal fasciculus","Cuneate"], "C","MLF = coordinates conjugate eye movements and head–neck reflexes."), ("Most important factor anchoring spinal cord in vertebral canal:", ["Ligamenta denticulata","Meninges","Spinal nerves","CSF"], "A","21 pairs of denticulate ligaments (lateral extensions of pia) hold the cord centrally."), ("Charcot's artery of cerebral haemorrhage is a branch of:", ["Anterior cerebral","Middle cerebral","Posterior cerebral","PICA"], "B","Lenticulostriate (Charcot's) arteries → internal capsule haemorrhage."), ("Brainstem consists of all EXCEPT:", ["Midbrain","Pons","Cerebellum","Medulla oblongata"], "C","Brainstem = midbrain + pons + medulla only."), ("Subdivisions of diencephalon — all EXCEPT:", ["Thalamus","Mammillary bodies","Metathalamus","Subthalamus"], "B","Mammillary bodies are part of hypothalamus (not diencephalon proper)."), ("Not part of basal nuclei:", ["Corpus striatum","Claustrum","Amygdaloid body","Habenular nucleus"], "D","Habenular nucleus = epithalamus."), ("Great cerebral vein of Galen is formed by union of:", ["Two internal cerebral veins","Two anterior cerebral veins", "Superficial middle cerebral veins","Deep middle cerebral veins"], "A","Two internal cerebral veins unite below splenium of corpus callosum."), ("Main contribution to CSF production is by:", ["Choroid plexus — lateral ventricles","Choroid plexus — 3rd ventricle", "Choroid plexus — 4th ventricle","Ependyma"], "A","Lateral ventricles have the largest choroid plexus → ~70% of total CSF."), ("Roof of 4th ventricle is formed by all EXCEPT:", ["Superior medullary velum","Superior cerebellar peduncle", "Inferior medullary velum","Median eminence"], "D","Median eminence = part of FLOOR (rhomboid fossa) of 4th ventricle."), ("In lumbar puncture, CSF is drawn from:", ["Subpial space","Subarachnoid space","Subdural space","Epidural space"], "B","Needle at L3-L4 or L4-L5 enters subarachnoid space (cord ends at L1-L2)."), ("Paracentral lobule is located on which surface of hemisphere?", ["Tentorial","Orbital","Medial","Superolateral"], "C","Medial surface; contains both pre- and post-central gyrus representatives for lower limb."), ("Remnant of notochord is:", ["Nucleus pulposus","Ligamentum flavum","Annulus fibrosus","Post. longitudinal lig."], "C","Nucleus pulposus = retained notochordal cells; water content 80–90%."), ("Nucleus ambiguus is associated with all cranial nerves EXCEPT:", ["Hypoglossal (XII)","Accessory (XI)","Vagus (X)","Glossopharyngeal (IX)"], "A","Nucleus ambiguus = motor nucleus for CN IX, X, XI (branchiomotor); CN XII has its own nucleus."), ("The venous sinus at the posterior lower edge of falx cerebri:", ["Inferior petrosal","Inferior sagittal","Straight sinus","Superior sagittal"], "C","Straight sinus = inferior sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein of Galen."), ("Subarachnoid space ends at vertebral level:", ["S1","S2","L1","L3"], "B","Spinal cord ends L1-L2; thecal sac (subarachnoid space) ends at S2."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 6, "title": "THORAX", "subtitle": "Heart · Lungs · Pleura · Mediastinum · Diaphragm · Vessels", "qs": [ ("Crista terminalis is a feature of:", ["Right ventricle","Left ventricle","Left atrium","Right atrium"], "D","Vertical ridge in right atrium separating trabeculated appendage from smooth sinus venarum."), ("Diaphragmatic hernia can occur at all sites EXCEPT:", ["Oesophageal opening","Bochdalek triangle","Foramen of Morgagni","IVC opening"], "D","IVC opening is a firm, tight hiatus — NOT a site of herniation."), ("Triangle of Koch is a landmark for:", ["AV node","Right bundle branch","Left bundle branch","SA node"], "A","AV node lies at apex of Koch's triangle (base of interatrial septum)."), ("The great cardiac vein accompanies:", ["Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)","Posterior interventricular artery", "Right coronary artery","Left coronary artery"], "A","Great cardiac vein runs with LAD in anterior interventricular groove."), ("Complete heart block after coronary occlusion — most likely artery:", ["Circumflex branch","Anterior interventricular", "Posterior interventricular","Right marginal"], "C","PDA (usually from RCA) supplies AV node and bundle branches."), ("Fibrous pericardium is supplied by:", ["Vagus nerve","Phrenic nerve","Recurrent laryngeal nerve","Autonomic nerve"], "B","Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) supplies fibrous pericardium + parietal pleura + diaphragm."), ("Tetralogy of Fallot includes all EXCEPT:", ["Pulmonary stenosis","Overriding aorta","Atrial septal defect","RV hypertrophy"], "C","TOF = Pulmonary stenosis + Overriding aorta + VSD (not ASD) + RVH."), ("Base of heart is mainly formed by:", ["Left ventricle","Left atrium","Right ventricle","Right atrium"], "B","Base = posterior surface; mainly left atrium receiving 4 pulmonary veins."), ("Thoracic duct — INCORRECT statement:", ["Commences at cisterna chyli","Inclines left at T5 behind oesophagus", "Has no valves","Opens at confluence of L IJV and subclavian vein"], "C","Thoracic duct HAS valves to prevent retrograde flow."), ("Indentations of oesophagus — caused by all EXCEPT:", ["Aortic arch","Left bronchus","Left atrium","Left ventricle"], "D","Left ventricle does NOT normally indent the oesophagus."), ("Parietal pleura:", ["Insensitive to pain","Dips into lung fissures", "Adherent to lung surfaces","Joins visceral pleura at hilum"], "D","Visceral and parietal pleura meet/reflect at lung hilum."), ("Costal pleura is innervated by:", ["Vagus","Intercostal nerves","Splanchnic","Phrenic"], "B","Somatic nerve supply → exquisitely pain sensitive (pleuritis = sharp pain)."), ("Triangle of auscultation — NOT formed by:", ["Serratus anterior","Scapula","Trapezius","Latissimus dorsi"], "A","Boundaries: trapezius (medial) + latissimus dorsi (lateral) + medial scapular border."), ("Typical intercostal nerves are:", ["1st–3rd","3rd–6th","7th–11th","11th–12th"], "B","3rd–6th remain entirely in intercostal space; 7th–11th also supply anterior abdominal wall."), ("Uppermost structure in hilum of RIGHT lung:", ["Pulmonary artery","Bronchial artery","Superior pulmonary vein","Eparterial bronchus"], "D","Right: eparterial (upper lobe) bronchus at top; left: pulmonary artery at top."), ("Mediastinal surface of right lung — related to all EXCEPT:", ["Right atrium","Arch of aorta","Arch of azygos vein","Inferior vena cava"], "B","Arch of aorta relates to LEFT lung mediastinal surface."), ("IVC opening in diaphragm lies at:", ["T12","L1","T10","T8"], "D","T8 = IVC (8 letters); T10 = oesophagus (10 letters); T12 = aorta (12 letters)."), ("NOT TRUE about right bronchus:", ["Shorter","Wider","More horizontal","More in line with trachea"], "C","Right bronchus is shorter + wider + more VERTICAL → foreign bodies go right."), ("Cisterna chyli is formed at vertebral level:", ["L1–2","L3–4","T11","T10"], "A","Cisterna chyli at L1-L2; thoracic duct ascends from here."), ("Azygos vein drains into:", ["Right subcostal vein","Superior vena cava", "Brachiocephalic vein","Right ascending lumbar vein"], "B","Azygos arches over right main bronchus → drains into posterior SVC."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 7, "title": "ABDOMEN", "subtitle": "GIT · Peritoneum · Liver · Pancreas · Spleen · Kidneys · Vessels", "qs": [ ("Ligamentum teres hepatis is an obliterated:", ["Right umbilical vein","Left umbilical vein","Ductus venosus","Ductus arteriosus"], "B","Left umbilical vein carried oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus."), ("Inferior margin of Falciform ligament contains:", ["Ligamentum venosum","Ligamentum teres hepatis", "Lienorenal ligament","Median umbilical ligament"], "B","Ligamentum teres hepatis = obliterated left umbilical vein; free lower edge of falciform."), ("Tail of pancreas lies in:", ["Gastrosplenic ligament","Lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament", "Greater omentum","Gastrophrenic ligament"], "B","Tail of pancreas + splenic vessels lie in lienorenal ligament."), ("Calot's triangle — boundary NOT included:", ["Portal vein","Common hepatic duct","Cystic duct","Visceral surface of liver"], "A","Calot's triangle: cystic duct + common hepatic duct + inferior surface of liver."), ("Stomach bed — all EXCEPT:", ["Left suprarenal gland","Right kidney","Left crus of diaphragm","Splenic artery"], "B","Stomach bed: left kidney, left suprarenal, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon; NOT right kidney."), ("All are retroperitoneal EXCEPT:", ["Kidneys","Liver","Suprarenal glands","Descending colon"], "B","Liver is largely intraperitoneal (bare area is retroperitoneal)."), ("Paraumbilical veins when dilated produce:", ["Splenic varices","Caput medusae","Rectal varices","Oesophageal varices"], "B","Portal hypertension → portal-systemic anastomosis at umbilicus → caput medusae."), ("Number of vascular segments of kidney:", ["2","3","4","5"], "D","5 independent vascular segments (no anastomoses between segments = end arteries)."), ("Insulin is secreted by which Islet cells?", ["Alpha","Beta","Gamma","Delta"], "B","Beta (B) cells → insulin; Alpha → glucagon; Delta → somatostatin; PP cells → pancreatic polypeptide."), ("Meckel's diverticulum — FALSE statement:", ["2–4% of population","Usually 20 cm long", "2 feet from ileocaecal junction","Antimesenteric border"], "B","Rule of 2s: 2 INCHES (∼5 cm) long, NOT 20 cm."), ("Portal vein lies immediately posterior to which structure?", ["Bile duct","Free edge of lesser omentum", "Falciform ligament","Hepatoduodenal ligament"], "B","Epiploic foramen (of Winslow) → portal vein at back of free edge of lesser omentum."), ("Contents of femoral canal:", ["Femoral artery","Femoral vein","Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve","Lymph nodes"], "D","Femoral canal: fat + lymph nodes + lymphatics (medial compartment of femoral sheath)."), ("Duct of Wirsung is:", ["Hepatic duct","Main pancreatic duct","Accessory pancreatic duct","Common bile duct"], "B","Duct of Wirsung = main pancreatic duct; Santorini = accessory."), ("Indirect inguinal hernia — INCORRECT statement:", ["Most common hernia","Neck lies medial to inferior epigastric artery", "Sac = processus vaginalis","Can extend into scrotum"], "B","INDIRECT: neck lies LATERAL to inferior epigastric; DIRECT: neck lies medial."), ("Rectus sheath — all contents EXCEPT:", ["Inferior epigastric vessels","Pyramidalis muscle", "Genitofemoral nerve","Superior epigastric vessels"], "C","Genitofemoral nerve runs on psoas major; not inside rectus sheath."), ("Long axis of spleen corresponds to:", ["9th rib","8th rib","10th rib","11th rib"], "C","Spleen: 1×3×5 inches, 7 oz weight, 9th–11th ribs, long axis = 10th rib."), ("Peyer's patches are present in:", ["Duodenum","Jejunum","Ileum","Transverse colon"], "C","Lymphoid aggregates in ileum; sample luminal antigens via M cells."), ("Most common site for ectopic pregnancy:", ["Uterine tube","Ovary","Mesentery","Internal os of uterus"], "A","95%+ in uterine tube; ampulla most common site; risk of rupture."), ("Deepest fornix of vagina is:", ["Anterior","Posterior","Right lateral","Left lateral"], "B","Posterior fornix deepest; adjacent to pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)."), ("Indirect inguinal hernia sac is a remnant of:", ["Inguinal ligament","Gubernaculum","Processus vaginalis","Urachus"], "C","Processus vaginalis normally closes after testicular descent."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 8, "title": "PELVIS AND PERINEUM", "subtitle": "Bladder · Uterus · Rectum · Testis · Pelvic Vessels · Nerves", "qs": [ ("Most important ligament supporting the uterus:", ["Pubo-cervical","Transverse cervical (cardinal/Mackenrodt's)", "Utero-sacral","Round ligament"], "B","Cardinal ligaments resist downward displacement; main support against prolapse."), ("Femoral ring is bounded medially by:", ["Inguinal ligament","Pectineus and its fascia", "Lacunar ligament","Femoral vein"], "C","Femoral ring: anterior = inguinal lig; posterior = pectineus; lateral = femoral vein; medial = lacunar lig."), ("All are contents of spermatic cord EXCEPT:", ["Pampiniform plexus","Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve", "Ilioinguinal nerve","Vas deferens"], "C","Ilioinguinal nerve runs alongside (NOT inside) spermatic cord through inguinal canal."), ("Left testicular vein drains into:", ["Inferior vena cava","Left renal vein", "Left common iliac vein","Inferior mesenteric vein"], "B","Left gonadal → left renal vein (right gonadal drains directly into IVC)."), ("Urorectal septum divides cloaca into:", ["Rectum and urogenital sinus","Bladder and allantois", "Rectum and bladder","Hindgut and bladder"], "A","Urorectal septum: dorsal → rectum; ventral → urogenital sinus."), ("Nerve mediating pain from EXTERNAL hemorrhoids:", ["Splanchnic visceral nerve","Pudendal nerve (inferior rectal branch)", "Hypogastric nerve","Inferior gluteal nerve"], "B","Below dentate line = somatic supply = pudendal nerve = painful."), ("Structures through lesser sciatic notch — all EXCEPT:", ["Pudendal nerve","Nerve to obturator internus", "Internal pudendal vessels","Obturator nerve"], "D","Obturator nerve → obturator canal; lesser sciatic notch: pudendal n + vessels + nerve to OI."), ("All are branches of anterior division of internal iliac artery EXCEPT:", ["Superior vesical","Inferior vesical","Internal pudendal","Superior gluteal"], "D","Superior gluteal = POSTERIOR division of internal iliac artery."), ("Housemaid's knee is inflammation of:", ["Suprapatellar bursa","Infrapatellar bursa","Pre-patellar bursa","Semimembranosus bursa"], "C","Pre-patellar bursa inflamed by repeated kneeling."), ("Hypertrophy of which lobe of prostate causes internal urethral obstruction?", ["Posterior lobe","Median lobe","Lateral lobe","Middle lobe"], "B","Middle/median lobe enlargement compresses the internal urethral orifice (BPH)."), ("Appendix of testis is remnant of:", ["Mesonephric tubule","Mesonephric duct", "Paramesonephric duct","Urorectal septum"], "C","Appendix testis = remnant of paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct."), ("Genital swellings in male give rise to:", ["Penile urethra","Penis","Scrotal sac","Prostate"], "C","Labioscrotal swellings fuse → scrotum; phallus → penis."), ("Deepest fornix of vagina:", ["Anterior","Posterior","Right lateral","Left lateral"], "B","Posterior fornix is clinically important for culdocentesis."), ("Floor of inguinal canal is formed by:", ["External oblique aponeurosis", "Inguinal ligament (rolled lower edge) + lacunar ligament medially", "Transversus abdominis","Transversalis fascia"], "B","Floor = reflected lower edge of inguinal ligament, reinforced by lacunar ligament medially."), ("Triangle of Koch is bounded by all EXCEPT:", ["Septal cusp of tricuspid valve","Coronary sinus opening", "Tendon of Todaro","Superior vena cava opening"], "D","SVC opening is NOT a boundary of Koch's triangle."), ] }, # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── { "number": 9, "title": "LOWER LIMB", "subtitle": "Bones · Muscles · Joints · Nerves · Vessels", "qs": [ ("Y-shaped (Bigelow's) ligament of hip joint is:", ["Iliofemoral","Ischiofemoral","Pubofemoral","Ligament of head of femur"], "A","Strongest ligament in body; prevents hyperextension at hip."), ("Nerve likely injured in posterior dislocation of hip:", ["Inferior gluteal","Superior gluteal","Sciatic","Pudendal"], "C","Sciatic nerve exits greater sciatic foramen; vulnerable in posterior dislocation."), ("Inability to extend knee + loss of anterior thigh sensation = lesion of:", ["Obturator nerve","Femoral nerve","Sciatic nerve","Tibial nerve"], "B","Femoral nerve (L2,3,4): quadriceps (extension) + femoral cutaneous branches."), ("Which floor muscle of femoral triangle has dual nerve supply?", ["Pectineus","Adductor longus","Psoas major","Iliacus"], "A","Pectineus: femoral nerve + accessory obturator nerve."), ("Structure most vulnerable to laceration in distal femur fracture:", ["Common peroneal nerve","Small saphenous vein","Popliteal artery","Tibial nerve"], "C","Popliteal artery is tethered in the fossa; distal fragment pushes into it."), ("Claudication from popliteal/femoral incompetence primarily in:", ["Thigh","Calf","Buttock","Feet"], "B","Calf claudication = femoro-popliteal disease; buttock = iliac disease."), ("Inversion and eversion of foot occur at:", ["Ankle joint","Tarsometatarsal","Subtalar + midtarsal","Inferior tibiofibular"], "C","Subtalar (talocalcaneal) + midtarsal (transverse tarsal) joints."), ("Secondary ossification centre for lower end of femur appears:", ["At birth","1 year of age","5 years of age","6 months of age"], "A","Appears at birth — useful in estimating gestational age at autopsy."), ("The great saphenous vein:", ["Continuation of lateral marginal vein of foot", "Runs between two heads of gastrocnemius", "Pierces cribriform fascia in upper thigh", "Found below and lateral to pubic tubercle"], "C","Pierces cribriform fascia (saphenous opening) → joins femoral vein 4 cm below inguinal lig."), ("Content of femoral canal:", ["Femoral artery","Femoral vein", "Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve","Lymph nodes + fat"], "D","Femoral canal: lymph nodes, fat, efferent lymphatics."), ("Tensor fascia lata is supplied by:", ["Posterior division of obturator nerve","Anterior division of obturator nerve", "Inferior gluteal nerve","Superior gluteal nerve"], "D","Superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1) → TFL + gluteus medius + gluteus minimus."), ("First interdigital web space of foot is supplied by:", ["Obturator nerve","Saphenous nerve","Superficial peroneal nerve","Deep peroneal nerve"], "D","Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5) → extensor muscles + 1st web space."), ("All are true about popliteus EXCEPT:", ["Flexor of knee","Has intracapsular origin", "Supplied by tibial nerve","Causes locking of knee"], "D","Popliteus UNLOCKS the knee (initiates flexion by lateral rotation of femur)."), ("Adductor magnus is supplied by:", ["Obturator nerve only","Femoral nerve only", "Obturator + common peroneal nerve", "Obturator + tibial division of sciatic nerve"], "D","Adductor part = obturator nerve; hamstring part (ischial head) = tibial division of sciatic."), ("Hallux valgus is associated with:", ["Hammertoe","Club foot","Pes planus","Lateral deviation of great toe"], "D","Hallux valgus = bunion; lateral deviation at 1st MTP joint."), ("Locking of knee is caused by:", ["Popliteus contraction","Semimembranosus contraction", "Terminal medial rotation of femur on tibia","Gracilis contraction"], "C","Screw-home mechanism: medial rotation of femur on fixed tibia at full extension."), ("Muscle that UNLOCKS the knee:", ["Semimembranosus","Popliteus","Biceps femoris","Gracilis"], "B","Popliteus = key to unlock the knee; lateral rotation of femur begins flexion."), ("Structures crossing dorsal surface of ischial spine — all EXCEPT:", ["Internal pudendal vessels","Pudendal nerve","Sciatic nerve","Nerve to obturator internus"], "C","Sciatic nerve exits GREATER (not lesser) sciatic foramen."), ("Which is NOT an example of saddle synovial joint?", ["Sternoclavicular","Shoulder joint","Calcaneocuboid","Incudomalleolar"], "B","Shoulder = ball-and-socket; sternoclavicular + calcaneocuboid + incudomalleolar = saddle."), ("Calcaneocuboid joint is of which type?", ["Plain synovial (gliding)","Saddle","Ball and socket","Hinge"], "A","Part of transverse tarsal (midtarsal) joint; plane/gliding synovial joint."), ] }, ] # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # HIGH-YIELD TABLE # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ REPEAT_ROWS = [ ("Mylohyoid divides submandibular gland","Mylohyoid","Superficial + deep parts; hooks around posterior free edge"), ("Winging of scapula","Serratus anterior palsy","Long thoracic nerve C5,C6,C7"), ("Scaphoid — avascular necrosis","Proximal fragment loses blood supply","Blood enters distally"), ("Lateral spinothalamic tract","Pain + temp — CONTRALATERAL","Crosses at entry level in spinal cord"), ("Substantia nigra","Midbrain","Loss of dopamine → Parkinson's disease"), ("Purkinje cells","Cerebellum","Only output neuron of cerebellar cortex"), ("CNS myelin","Oligodendrocytes (PNS = Schwann cells)","One oligodendrocyte myelinates up to 50 axons"), ("Y-ligament of hip","Iliofemoral (Bigelow's)","Strongest ligament in body"), ("Safety muscle of larynx","Posterior cricoarytenoid","ONLY abductor of vocal cords"), ("Appendices epiploicae","On large intestine (sigmoid)","NOT on rectum, appendix, or caecum"), ("Left gonadal vein","Left renal vein","Right gonadal vein → IVC directly"), ("Meckel's diverticulum","Rule of 2s: 2 INCHES long","2% of population, 2 feet from ileocaecal valve"), ("Pterygopalatine ganglion","Lacrimation","Post-ganglionic parasympathetic to lacrimal gland"), ("Nasolacrimal duct","Inferior meatus","Under inferior turbinate"), ("Fallopian tube","Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct","Gartner's duct = mesonephric duct remnant"), ("Popliteal artery","Vulnerable in distal femur fracture","Tethered at hiatus in adductor magnus and soleus"), ("IVC opening in diaphragm","T8","T8=IVC, T10=oesophagus, T12=aorta"), ("Posterior cricoarytenoid","Only abductor of vocal cords","Paralysis → bilateral cord closure → stridor"), ("Oxyntic (parietal) cells","HCl + Intrinsic factor","IF needed for B12 absorption"), ("Deep peroneal nerve","1st interdigital web space","Also: anterior tibial artery = dorsalis pedis"), ] # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # BUILD PDF # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ story = [] # ─── COVER ─────────────────────────────────────────────── story.append(Spacer(1, 1.5*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("ABVMU LUCKNOW", cover_title)) story.append(Paragraph("1st MBBS Professional — Anatomy", sty('cov2','Normal',fontSize=14,textColor=MID_BLUE,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=2, color=DARK_BLUE)) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("PRACTICE QUIZ — ORGANIZED BY UNIT / SYSTEM", sty('cov3','Normal',fontSize=12,textColor=AMBER,alignment=TA_CENTER,fontName='Helvetica-Bold'))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph("Previous Year Questions (2020–2024) — Regular + Supplementary", sty('cov4','Normal',fontSize=10,textColor=GRAY,alignment=TA_CENTER))) story.append(Spacer(1,0.8*cm)) # info box info_data = [ ["Total Units", "9"], ["Total MCQs", "~185"], ["Each question", "1 mark"], ["Answers + Explanations", "End of each unit"], ["Source", "ABVMU PYQs 2020–2025"], ] info_tbl = Table(info_data, colWidths=[8*cm,8*cm]) info_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),DARK_BLUE), ('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white), ('BACKGROUND',(0,1),(-1,-1),LIGHT_BLUE), ('FONTNAME',(0,0),(0,-1),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),10), ('ALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'CENTER'), ('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'MIDDLE'), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[LIGHT_BLUE, colors.white]), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,DARK_BLUE), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ])) story.append(info_tbl) story.append(Spacer(1,1*cm)) # unit index idx_data = [["Unit","Topic","Questions"]] unit_names = [ "General Anatomy (Histology, Osteology, Joints)", "Embryology", "Head and Neck", "Upper Limb", "Neuroanatomy", "Thorax", "Abdomen", "Pelvis and Perineum", "Lower Limb", ] for i,u in enumerate(UNITS, 1): idx_data.append([str(i), unit_names[i-1], str(len(u['qs']))]) idx_tbl = Table(idx_data, colWidths=[1.5*cm, 11.5*cm, 3*cm]) idx_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),DARK_BLUE), ('TEXTCOLOR',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.white), ('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTNAME',(0,1),(0,-1),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),9.5), ('ALIGN',(0,0),(0,-1),'CENTER'), ('ALIGN',(2,0),(2,-1),'CENTER'), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[LGRAY, colors.white]), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.5,GRAY), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),5), ])) story.append(idx_tbl) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── EACH UNIT ─────────────────────────────────────────── opt_labels = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] for unit in UNITS: # Unit header (colored band) hdr_tbl = Table([[Paragraph(f"UNIT {unit['number']}: {unit['title']}", unit_h)]], colWidths=[doc.width]) hdr_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1), DARK_BLUE), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),6), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),6), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8), ])) story.append(hdr_tbl) story.append(Paragraph(unit['subtitle'], unit_sub)) # Questions for qi, (qtext, opts, correct, exp) in enumerate(unit['qs'], 1): block = [] block.append(Paragraph(f"Q{qi}. {qtext}", q_style)) for li, opt in zip(opt_labels, opts): block.append(Paragraph(f" {li}) {opt}", opt_style)) story.append(KeepTogether(block)) story.append(Spacer(1, 2)) story.append(Spacer(1, 0.5*cm)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=MID_BLUE)) # Answer key story.append(Paragraph(f"✓ ANSWER KEY — Unit {unit['number']}: {unit['title']}", ans_hdr)) ans_data = [ [Paragraph("<b>Q</b>", ans_row_q), Paragraph("<b>Answer</b>", ans_row_q), Paragraph("<b>Explanation</b>", ans_row_q)] ] for qi, (qtext, opts, correct, exp) in enumerate(unit['qs'], 1): cidx = ord(correct) - ord('A') ans_text = f"{correct}) {opts[cidx]}" ans_data.append([ Paragraph(f"Q{qi}", ans_row_q), Paragraph(ans_text, ans_row_a), Paragraph(exp, ans_row_e), ]) ans_tbl = Table(ans_data, colWidths=[1*cm, 5*cm, 10.2*cm]) ans_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),LIGHT_GRN), ('FONTNAME',(0,0),(-1,0),'Helvetica-Bold'), ('FONTSIZE',(0,0),(-1,-1),8.5), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white, LGRAY]), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,colors.HexColor('#cccccc')), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'), ('ALIGN',(0,0),(0,-1),'CENTER'), ])) story.append(ans_tbl) story.append(PageBreak()) # ─── HIGH YIELD TABLE ──────────────────────────────────── hy_hdr = Table([[Paragraph("⚡ HIGH-YIELD TOPICS — Asked 3+ Times in ABVMU PYQs", sty('hyu','Normal',fontSize=12,textColor=colors.white,fontName='Helvetica-Bold',leading=16))]], colWidths=[doc.width]) hy_hdr.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,-1),RED), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),7), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),8), ])) story.append(hy_hdr) story.append(Spacer(1,0.3*cm)) story.append(Paragraph( "These topics appear in almost every exam. Master them before the exam day.", sty('hyn','Normal',fontSize=9,textColor=GRAY,italic=True,spaceAfter=8) )) ry_data = [[ Paragraph("<b>Topic</b>", sty('rth','Normal',fontSize=9,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph("<b>Correct Answer</b>", sty('rth2','Normal',fontSize=9,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph("<b>Key Fact</b>", sty('rth3','Normal',fontSize=9,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), ]] for row in REPEAT_ROWS: ry_data.append([ Paragraph(row[0], sty('rtd','Normal',fontSize=8.5,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph(row[1], sty('rta','Normal',fontSize=8.5,textColor=GREEN,fontName='Helvetica-Bold')), Paragraph(row[2], sty('rte','Normal',fontSize=8.5,textColor=GRAY,fontName='Helvetica-Oblique')), ]) ry_tbl = Table(ry_data, colWidths=[5.5*cm, 5.5*cm, 5.2*cm]) ry_tbl.setStyle(TableStyle([ ('BACKGROUND',(0,0),(-1,0),colors.HexColor('#ffebee')), ('ROWBACKGROUNDS',(0,1),(-1,-1),[colors.white, colors.HexColor('#fff8e1')]), ('GRID',(0,0),(-1,-1),0.4,colors.HexColor('#cccccc')), ('TOPPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('BOTTOMPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('LEFTPADDING',(0,0),(-1,-1),4), ('VALIGN',(0,0),(-1,-1),'TOP'), ])) story.append(ry_tbl) story.append(Spacer(1,1*cm)) story.append(HRFlowable(width="100%", thickness=1, color=GRAY)) story.append(Spacer(1,0.2*cm)) story.append(Paragraph( "ABVMU Lucknow — 1st MBBS Professional Anatomy PYQs 2020–2025 (Regular + Supplementary) | ~185 MCQs across 9 units", sty('footer','Normal',fontSize=8,textColor=GRAY,alignment=TA_CENTER) )) # Build doc.build(story) print("PDF created:", output_path) PYEOF

python3 -c " import os path = '/tmp/workspace/anatomy_quiz/ABVMU_Anatomy_PracticeQuiz.pdf' size = os.path.getsize(path) print(f'File size: {size:,} bytes ({size/1024:.1f} KB)') "