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medical physiology positive feedback osmosis local anaesthetic secretin cardiac plateau hypoxia altitude physiology
Only Page 1 is visible, and Questions 14-15 are partly obscured. Upload a clear image of Page 2 and the lower portion of Page 1 for the complete solved paper.
Answers for visible MCQs
| Q. | Answer | Brief reason |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | d. Thrombolytic activity in coagulation cascade | This is not a positive-feedback phenomenon. |
| 2 | b. From B towards A | Water moves by osmosis from lower osmolality to higher osmolality. |
| 3 | b. C type | Small, unmyelinated C fibers are most sensitive to local anesthetics. |
| 4 | c. I band becomes wider | During contraction, I band becomes narrower; A band stays unchanged and Z lines approach. |
| 5 | a. Meissner’s plexus is responsible for gastrointestinal motility | False. Auerbach's/myenteric plexus mainly controls motility; Meissner's plexus controls secretion and local blood flow. |
| 6 | c. Contraction of pyloric sphincter | Secretin stimulates bicarbonate secretion, potentiates CCK action, and inhibits gastric secretion. |
| 7 | d. Hepatocytes | Bile is produced by hepatocytes. |
| 8 | a. Blood urea | Blood urea is not a standard liver-function test. |
| 9 | b. Left ventricle does more work to pump out the blood | It pumps against the high resistance of systemic circulation. |
| 10 | b. Slow influx of Ca²⁺ ions | Phase 2 plateau of ventricular action potential is primarily due to slow inward Ca²⁺ current. |
| 11 | b. AV node | The AV node produces the maximal physiological conduction delay. |
| 12 | a. They require lesser tension to balance the distending pressure | By Laplace law, wall tension is proportional to radius; capillaries have a very small radius. |
| 13 | c. Histotoxic hypoxia | Oxygen administration does not correct defective cellular utilization of oxygen. |
| 14 | a. Hyperventilation | The immediate response to ascent to high altitude is hypoxia-induced hyperventilation. |
| 15 | b. Leukocytosis | Acute infection generally causes leukocytosis, commonly with neutrophilia in bacterial infection. |
For Q14, long-term acclimatization also includes increased erythropoiesis and increased RBC 2,3-DPG, but hyperventilation is the early, best single answer.
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