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All questions have been answered. Here is a brief guide to what was covered:
Paper Summary
Section A — Long Answer (Attempt any 2 of 3):
| Q | Topic | Key Points Covered |
|---|---|---|
| 1a | Microbes in immune disorders & NCDs | Molecular mimicry, bystander activation, superantigens, oncogenic microbes, gut microbiome functions, dysbiosis |
| 1b | Bacteriophage typing | Principle, RTD, detailed procedure for S. aureus, phage sets for S. typhi / Pseudomonas, typing methods comparison, reference centers (NCDC, CRI Kasauli, Institut Pasteur, NCTC) |
| 1c | Water quality investigation (4-part clinical scenario) | Waterborne diseases, qualitative & quantitative tests, MPN presumptive/confirmed/completed coliform tests, fecal coliform EC test, WHO standards, public health interventions |
Section B — Short Answers (Attempt any 6 of 8):
| Q | Topic |
|---|---|
| 2a | Mycoplasma unique features (no cell wall, cholesterol, fried-egg colonies, UGA codon), pathogenesis of atypical pneumonia, cold agglutinins, diagnosis (UBT, serology, PCR) |
| 2b | Zoonoses definition, full bacterial zoonoses table, Brucellosis (virulence factors, pathogenesis, SAT/2-ME/RBPT/ELISA/culture/PCR) |
| 2c | TB-HIV syndemic biology, NTEP/NACP integration, CBNAAT/TrueNat/LPA, urine LAM, IGRA, Active Case Finding |
| 2d | H. pylori virulence (CagA, VacA, urease), ulcer mechanisms, UBT/SAT/CLO/histopathology/culture/PCR |
| 2e | Legionella: BCYE agar, Dot/Icm T4SS, urine antigen test, treatment (fluoroquinolones) |
| 2f | Lyme disease two-tier testing (ELISA + Western blot), PCR in synovial fluid, C6 ELISA, pitfalls |
| 2g | Antibiotic audit: PPS, DDD/100 bed-days, WHO AWaRe, PDCA cycle, key indicators |
| 2h | Bacterial meningitis: CSF analysis table, Gram stain, culture protocol, LAT, multiplex PCR (FilmArray), causative organisms by age |
Create a study guide PDF with meningitis differential diagnosis tables
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