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Toxocariasis. Fascioliasis. Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, sign and symptoms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention

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Both conditions are covered comprehensively above. A few clinical pearls worth highlighting:
Toxocariasis:
  • The most critical differential for ocular larva migrans is retinoblastoma — misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary enucleation. CT and fluorescein angiography are essential.
  • Eosinophilia is the most consistent laboratory clue; serology through the CDC is the preferred diagnostic tool.
  • Albendazole is the drug of choice; add corticosteroids for severe or neurologic/cardiac disease.
Fascioliasis:
  • Resistance to praziquantel is a unique feature — always use triclabendazole.
  • The acute phase mimics hepatic metastases on CT, but lesions change in location and morphology over serial scans because the fluke is still migrating — a key distinguishing feature.
  • Stool examination is useless in the acute phase (eggs not yet produced); serology is essential early. Stool becomes the primary test only in chronic infection.
  • Women tend to have more severe disease than men.
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