Jacob Mathew vs State of Punjab Supreme Court medical negligence judgment India

Samira Kohli vs Dr Prabha Manchanda Supreme Court India informed consent 2008 medical jurisprudence

Indian High Court judgments medical negligence 2020 2025 important cases doctor liability

mkdir -p /tmp/workspace/indian-jurisprudence && cat > /tmp/workspace/indian-jurisprudence/create_slides.py << 'PYEOF' from pptx import Presentation from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN from pptx.util import Inches, Pt from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor from pptx.oxml.ns import qn from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN import copy from lxml import etree # Color palette DARK_BLUE = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x35, 0x6E) # Deep navy MED_BLUE = RGBColor(0x1E, 0x5F, 0x99) # Medium blue GOLD = RGBColor(0xC8, 0x96, 0x20) # Indian gold LIGHT_BG = RGBColor(0xF0, 0xF4, 0xFA) # Very light blue bg WHITE = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF) DARK_TEXT = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x1A, 0x2E) GREY_LINE = RGBColor(0xB0, 0xBA, 0xCC) GREEN = RGBColor(0x1A, 0x7A, 0x4A) ORANGE = RGBColor(0xCC, 0x55, 0x00) CRIMSON = RGBColor(0xAA, 0x0A, 0x2A) W = Inches(13.33) H = Inches(7.5) prs = Presentation() prs.slide_width = W prs.slide_height = H blank_layout = prs.slide_layouts[6] # blank def add_rect(slide, l, t, w, h, fill_rgb=None, line_rgb=None, line_width=0): shape = slide.shapes.add_shape(1, l, t, w, h) # MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.RECTANGLE = 1 fill = shape.fill if fill_rgb: fill.solid() fill.fore_color.rgb = fill_rgb else: fill.background() ln = shape.line if line_rgb: ln.color.rgb = line_rgb ln.width = Pt(line_width) else: ln.fill.background() return shape def add_textbox(slide, text, l, t, w, h, font_size=18, bold=False, color=DARK_TEXT, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, italic=False, wrap=True): txb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(l, t, w, h) tf = txb.text_frame tf.word_wrap = wrap p = tf.paragraphs[0] p.alignment = align run = p.add_run() run.text = text run.font.size = Pt(font_size) run.font.bold = bold run.font.italic = italic run.font.color.rgb = color return txb def add_multiline_textbox(slide, lines, l, t, w, h, font_size=16, bold=False, color=DARK_TEXT, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT, line_spacing=1.2): """lines: list of (text, bold, font_size, color, italic)""" txb = slide.shapes.add_textbox(l, t, w, h) tf = txb.text_frame tf.word_wrap = True for i, item in enumerate(lines): if isinstance(item, str): item = (item, False, font_size, color, False) txt, b, fs, c, it = item if i == 0: p = tf.paragraphs[0] else: p = tf.add_paragraph() p.alignment = align run = p.add_run() run.text = txt run.font.size = Pt(fs) run.font.bold = b run.font.italic = it run.font.color.rgb = c return txb def header_bar(slide, title, subtitle=None): # Full-width dark-blue header bar add_rect(slide, 0, 0, W, Inches(1.25), fill_rgb=DARK_BLUE) # Gold accent line below header add_rect(slide, 0, Inches(1.25), W, Pt(4), fill_rgb=GOLD) # Slide number / section label top-right add_textbox(slide, "SECTION 7 – Indian Jurisprudence", Inches(8.5), Inches(0.08), Inches(4.5), Inches(0.35), font_size=10, color=GREY_LINE, align=PP_ALIGN.RIGHT) # Title add_textbox(slide, title, Inches(0.35), Inches(0.18), Inches(10), Inches(0.9), font_size=32, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT) if subtitle: add_textbox(slide, subtitle, Inches(0.35), Inches(0.85), Inches(10), Inches(0.45), font_size=15, color=GOLD, italic=True, align=PP_ALIGN.LEFT) def footer(slide, slide_num, source): add_rect(slide, 0, H - Inches(0.35), W, Inches(0.35), fill_rgb=DARK_BLUE) add_textbox(slide, source, Inches(0.2), H - Inches(0.33), Inches(9), Inches(0.3), font_size=9, color=GREY_LINE, italic=True) add_textbox(slide, str(slide_num), Inches(12.9), H - Inches(0.33), Inches(0.4), Inches(0.3), font_size=9, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.RIGHT) def bullet_box(slide, items, l, t, w, h, title=None, title_color=MED_BLUE, font_size=15.5, bullet="•", bg=None, border=None): if bg: add_rect(slide, l, t, w, h, fill_rgb=bg, line_rgb=border or GREY_LINE, line_width=0.8) if title: add_textbox(slide, title, l + Inches(0.15), t + Inches(0.1), w - Inches(0.3), Inches(0.38), font_size=13, bold=True, color=title_color) t += Inches(0.42) h -= Inches(0.42) lines = [(f"{bullet} {item}", False, font_size, DARK_TEXT, False) for item in items] add_multiline_textbox(slide, lines, l + Inches(0.18), t + Inches(0.08), w - Inches(0.3), h - Inches(0.1), font_size=font_size) def case_card(slide, l, t, w, h, case_name, citation, facts, ruling, hdr_color=MED_BLUE): add_rect(slide, l, t, w, h, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF8, 0xFA, 0xFF), line_rgb=hdr_color, line_width=1) add_rect(slide, l, t, w, Inches(0.38), fill_rgb=hdr_color) add_textbox(slide, case_name, l + Pt(6), t + Pt(4), w - Pt(10), Inches(0.35), font_size=12, bold=True, color=WHITE) # Citation small cur_t = t + Inches(0.42) add_textbox(slide, citation, l + Pt(8), cur_t, w - Pt(14), Inches(0.22), font_size=9.5, italic=True, color=CRIMSON) cur_t += Inches(0.24) if facts: add_textbox(slide, "Facts: " + facts, l + Pt(8), cur_t, w - Pt(14), Inches(0.6), font_size=10, color=DARK_TEXT) cur_t += Inches(0.62) add_textbox(slide, "Ruling: " + ruling, l + Pt(8), cur_t, w - Pt(14), h - (cur_t - t) - Pt(6), font_size=10.5, bold=False, color=GREEN) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # SLIDE 54 – What is Medical Jurisprudence? # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── s54 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout) add_rect(s54, 0, 0, W, H, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF5, 0xF8, 0xFF)) header_bar(s54, "What is Medical Jurisprudence?", "Slide 54") footer(s54, 54, "Sources: Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence | Reddy & Murty's Essentials of FMT | Modi's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence") # Etymology box add_rect(s54, Inches(0.35), Inches(1.45), Inches(4.2), Inches(0.72), fill_rgb=GOLD, line_rgb=GOLD) add_textbox(s54, "JURIS = LAW | PRUDENTIA = KNOWLEDGE", Inches(0.35), Inches(1.48), Inches(4.2), Inches(0.65), font_size=13, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) # Definition add_textbox(s54, "Medical Jurisprudence deals with the legal responsibilities of the physician, " "with particular reference to those arising from the physician-patient relationship — " "such as medical negligence, consent, rights and duties of doctors, serious professional " "misconduct, and medical ethics. In short: it deals with the legal aspects of the practice of medicine.", Inches(0.35), Inches(2.28), Inches(8.0), Inches(1.35), font_size=15.5, color=DARK_TEXT) # 3 relationship pillars pillars = [ ("Doctor–Patient", "Implied contract when doctor accepts to treat; breach → civil liability (negligence, wrong diagnosis, unauthorized surgery)"), ("Doctor–Doctor", "Professional courtesy, referral obligations, vicarious responsibility for juniors and staff"), ("Doctor–State", "Compulsory duties (MLCs, medico-legal reports, vaccination), registration with MCI/State Councils"), ] colors = [MED_BLUE, DARK_BLUE, GREEN] for i,(title,desc) in enumerate(pillars): xl = Inches(0.35) + i*(Inches(4.15)) add_rect(s54, xl, Inches(3.78), Inches(3.95), Inches(1.45), fill_rgb=colors[i], line_rgb=colors[i]) add_textbox(s54, title, xl+Pt(8), Inches(3.85), Inches(3.8), Inches(0.4), font_size=13.5, bold=True, color=WHITE) add_textbox(s54, desc, xl+Pt(8), Inches(4.28), Inches(3.8), Inches(0.9), font_size=11, color=RGBColor(0xDD,0xEE,0xFF)) # Scope note add_textbox(s54, "Distinguished from Forensic Medicine (applies medical knowledge to aid courts) and " "State Medicine (regulates medical education and community health).", Inches(0.35), Inches(5.38), Inches(12.5), Inches(0.5), font_size=12.5, italic=True, color=RGBColor(0x44,0x55,0x77)) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # SLIDE 55 – Landmark Supreme Court Cases # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── s55 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout) add_rect(s55, 0, 0, W, H, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF5, 0xF8, 0xFF)) header_bar(s55, "Landmark Supreme Court Cases", "Slide 55") footer(s55, 55, "Sources: Parikh's | Reddy & Murty's Essentials 36th ed. | P.C. Dikshit | Indian Kanoon") # Case 1 – Jacob Mathew case_card(s55, l=Inches(0.35), t=Inches(1.38), w=Inches(4.0), h=Inches(2.72), case_name="Jacob Mathew vs State of Punjab", citation="AIR 2005 SC 3180 | (2005) 6 SCC 1", facts="Patient died in hospital after doctors were delayed attending to him during breathing difficulties.", ruling="For criminal liability, gross negligence must be proved — beyond mere error of judgment or accident. Doctors cannot be arrested without prior opinion from a qualified doctor. Distinguishes civil negligence from criminal negligence.", hdr_color=CRIMSON) # Case 2 – IMA vs VP Shantha case_card(s55, l=Inches(4.67), t=Inches(1.38), w=Inches(4.0), h=Inches(2.72), case_name="IMA vs V.P. Shantha & Ors.", citation="(1995) 6 SCC 651 | 3-Judge Bench", facts="Issue: whether a medical practitioner renders 'service' under the Consumer Protection Act 1986.", ruling="Medical services fall under the CPA. Patients are 'consumers.' Doctors do not enjoy immunity from suits in contract or tort. Hospitals/doctors can be proceeded against for deficiency in service before consumer forums.", hdr_color=MED_BLUE) # Case 3 – Samira Kohli case_card(s55, l=Inches(9.0), t=Inches(1.38), w=Inches(4.0), h=Inches(2.72), case_name="Samira Kohli vs Dr. Prabha Manchanda", citation="(2008) 2 SCC 1 | AIR 2008 SC 1385", facts="Patient consented to diagnostic laparoscopy; doctor performed hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy without separate consent.", ruling="Consent for a diagnostic procedure does NOT extend to therapeutic intervention. Each procedure requires distinct consent. 'Real consent' doctrine: informed consent is mandatory; convenience or benefit to patient is no defence. 7 propositions on consent laid down.", hdr_color=GREEN) # Key principles row add_rect(s55, Inches(0.35), Inches(4.22), W - Inches(0.7), Inches(0.38), fill_rgb=DARK_BLUE) add_textbox(s55, "Key Legal Principles Established", Inches(0.35), Inches(4.24), W - Inches(0.7), Inches(0.36), font_size=13, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) principles = [ ("Bolam Test (modified)", "A doctor is not negligent if acting in accordance with a practice accepted by a responsible body of medical men."), ("Gross Negligence Standard", "Criminal negligence requires proof of reckless disregard for patient's life and safety — beyond civil standard."), ("Prior Expert Opinion", "Courts/police must obtain independent medical opinion before prosecuting a doctor for alleged negligence."), ("Informed Consent", "Consent must be specific to each procedure; general/blanket consent forms insufficient for separate therapeutic acts."), ] for i,(h_,d_) in enumerate(principles): xl = Inches(0.35) + i*Inches(3.22) add_rect(s55, xl, Inches(4.66), Inches(3.08), Inches(1.62), fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xEB,0xF2,0xFF), line_rgb=GREY_LINE, line_width=0.7) add_textbox(s55, h_, xl+Pt(6), Inches(4.72), Inches(3.0), Inches(0.4), font_size=11.5, bold=True, color=DARK_BLUE) add_textbox(s55, d_, xl+Pt(6), Inches(5.14), Inches(3.0), Inches(1.1), font_size=10, color=DARK_TEXT) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # SLIDE 56 – Important High Court Judgments # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── s56 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout) add_rect(s56, 0, 0, W, H, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF5, 0xF8, 0xFF)) header_bar(s56, "Important High Court Judgments", "Slide 56") footer(s56, 56, "Sources: National Medical Journal of India | Parikh's | P.C. Dikshit | Reddy & Murty's Essentials") hc_cases = [ ("Dr. Mohd. Azam Hasin Case", "Allahabad HC", "Conduct may attract civil negligence but not criminal liability — HC quashed the criminal proceedings against the doctor.", "Standard of Criminal vs Civil Negligence"), ("Jayshree Ingole Case", "Supreme Court / HC", "Severity of negligence may attract tort liability but not criminal one. Criminal action against doctor quashed.", "Limits of Criminal Prosecution"), ("Gauhati HC – Failed Sterilization", "Gauhati HC", "Sterilization has known failure rates per national/international data. Doctor not negligent merely due to sterilization failure (Bolam test applied).", "Bolam Test Application"), ("Parmanand Katara vs Union of India", "Supreme Court (1989) AIR 2039", "Every doctor has a professional obligation to save life in emergencies, regardless of payment or procedural formalities.", "Emergency Treatment Obligation"), ("Aruna Shanbaug vs Union of India", "(2011) 4 SCC 454", "Passive euthanasia with withdrawal of life support permitted under strict guidelines. Active euthanasia remains impermissible. Rights of permanently unconscious patients discussed.", "End-of-Life Decisions"), ("Spring Meadows Hospital vs Harjol Ahluwalia", "(1998) 4 SCC 39", "Error of judgment is not necessarily negligence. Standard of care measured against a fellow practitioner, not an average prudent layperson.", "Standard of Care"), ] cols = 3 card_w = Inches(4.15) card_h = Inches(1.75) start_l = Inches(0.35) start_t = Inches(1.45) gap_x = Inches(0.22) gap_y = Inches(0.2) hdr_colors2 = [DARK_BLUE, MED_BLUE, GREEN, CRIMSON, ORANGE, RGBColor(0x55,0x00,0x88)] for i, (cname, court, ruling_, tag) in enumerate(hc_cases): row = i // cols col = i % cols xl = start_l + col*(card_w + gap_x) yt = start_t + row*(card_h + gap_y) hc = hdr_colors2[i] add_rect(s56, xl, yt, card_w, card_h, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF8,0xFA,0xFF), line_rgb=hc, line_width=1) add_rect(s56, xl, yt, card_w, Inches(0.34), fill_rgb=hc) add_textbox(s56, cname, xl+Pt(6), yt+Pt(3), card_w-Pt(10), Inches(0.3), font_size=11, bold=True, color=WHITE) add_textbox(s56, court, xl+Pt(6), yt+Inches(0.36), card_w-Pt(12), Inches(0.2), font_size=9, italic=True, color=RGBColor(0x88,0x44,0x00)) add_textbox(s56, ruling_, xl+Pt(6), yt+Inches(0.59), card_w-Pt(12), Inches(0.82), font_size=10, color=DARK_TEXT) add_textbox(s56, f"[{tag}]", xl+Pt(6), yt+Inches(1.45), card_w-Pt(12), Inches(0.24), font_size=9, italic=True, bold=True, color=MED_BLUE) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # SLIDE 57 – Ethical Principles # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── s57 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout) add_rect(s57, 0, 0, W, H, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF5, 0xF8, 0xFF)) header_bar(s57, "Ethical Principles in Medical Practice", "Slide 57") footer(s57, 57, "Sources: Beauchamp & Childress (Four Principles) | Reddy & Murty's Essentials | Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology | Tintinalli's EM") # Subtitle add_textbox(s57, "The Four Pillars of Biomedical Ethics (Beauchamp & Childress)", Inches(0.35), Inches(1.42), Inches(12.5), Inches(0.38), font_size=15, bold=True, color=DARK_BLUE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) # 4 pillars pillars57 = [ ("AUTONOMY", MED_BLUE, "Respect for the patient's right to make decisions about their own body and treatment.", [ "Patient must receive adequate information to give real consent", "Consent must be voluntary, specific, and from a competent adult", "No procedure without consent — except emergencies (doctrine of necessity)", "Underpins Samira Kohli ruling: each procedure requires separate consent", "Right to refuse treatment is equally protected", ]), ("BENEFICENCE", GREEN, "The duty to act in the best interest of the patient — do good.", [ "Provide treatment that benefits the patient", "Standard: 'reasonable care and skill' expected of a competent practitioner", "Includes duty to refer when beyond one's competence", "Applies to both active treatment and preventive care", "Conflicts with autonomy when patient refuses beneficial treatment", ]), ("NON-MALEFICENCE", CRIMSON, "Primum non nocere — First, do no harm.", [ "Avoid unnecessary tests, procedures, or medications", "Weigh risks vs benefits before any intervention", "Therapeutic hazard / misadventure: harm from treatment itself", "Informs criminal negligence law: reckless disregard = gross violation", "Applied when withdrawing futile life-prolonging treatment", ]), ("JUSTICE", ORANGE, "Fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources and treatment.", [ "All patients deserve equal standard of care regardless of ability to pay", "Parmanand Katara: emergency treatment cannot be refused", "Distributive justice: resource allocation in ICUs, organ transplants", "Procedural justice: fair compensation for victims of negligence", "Consumer Protection Act applies this through legal redress mechanisms", ]), ] card_w57 = Inches(3.1) card_h57 = Inches(4.52) gap57 = Inches(0.13) start_l57= Inches(0.35) start_t57= Inches(1.92) for i, (name, col57, subtitle57, pts) in enumerate(pillars57): xl = start_l57 + i*(card_w57 + gap57) # Card bg add_rect(s57, xl, start_t57, card_w57, card_h57, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF8,0xFA,0xFF), line_rgb=col57, line_width=1.5) # Header add_rect(s57, xl, start_t57, card_w57, Inches(0.52), fill_rgb=col57) add_textbox(s57, name, xl + Pt(8), start_t57 + Pt(5), card_w57 - Pt(14), Inches(0.45), font_size=15, bold=True, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) # Subtitle / definition add_textbox(s57, subtitle57, xl + Pt(8), start_t57 + Inches(0.56), card_w57 - Pt(14), Inches(0.62), font_size=10.5, italic=True, color=col57) # Bullet points lines57 = [(f"• {pt}", False, 10, DARK_TEXT, False) for pt in pts] add_multiline_textbox(s57, lines57, xl + Pt(8), start_t57 + Inches(1.22), card_w57 - Pt(14), Inches(3.1), font_size=10) # Bottom note add_textbox(s57, "These four principles interact and may conflict. Courts and ethics committees apply them to resolve dilemmas " "in consent, end-of-life care, resource allocation, and professional misconduct cases.", Inches(0.35), Inches(6.58), Inches(12.5), Inches(0.5), font_size=11, italic=True, color=RGBColor(0x44,0x55,0x77), align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── # SLIDE 58 – Recent Judicial Trends # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── s58 = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout) add_rect(s58, 0, 0, W, H, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF5, 0xF8, 0xFF)) header_bar(s58, "Recent Judicial Trends", "Slide 58") footer(s58, 58, "Sources: IJME 2026 | Reddy & Murty's Essentials 36th ed. 2026 | Health Policy Watch 2025 | NMJI 2024") # Trend cards trends = [ ("CPA 2019 Expansion", MED_BLUE, "April 2022: Supreme Court clarified healthcare services — even free services to poor patients — fall under Consumer Protection Act 2019. Marked increase in consumer litigation against doctors.", "CPA 2019 | SC clarification Apr 2022"), ("AI-Generated Citations Warning", CRIMSON, "2025: SC set aside NCLAT judgment relying on fake/AI-generated citations in a medical case. Courts now scrutinize AI-assisted legal documents. Warning against hallucinated case law.", "SC India, 2025 | AI integrity concern"), ("Expert Evidence: Journal Articles", GREEN, "Courts now accept research articles from medical journals (any Impact Factor) as expert evidence in negligence cases. Verdict is NOT correlated with journal Impact Factor (chi-sq p=0.68).", "Cross-sectional study, PMC 2025"), ("Defensible Medicine Rise", ORANGE, "Surge in litigation → widespread defensive medicine practices. Doctors increasingly order excessive investigations to avoid liability — raising costs and ethical concerns.", "IJME 2026 | MedLegal Review 2025"), ("Criminal vs Civil Distinction", DARK_BLUE, "Courts consistently apply Jacob Mathew: criminal prosecution requires gross negligence. High Courts actively quash FIRs where conduct amounts to civil negligence only (e.g., Jayshree Ingole case).", "Jacob Mathew 2005 | Recent HC judgments"), ("Medical Negligence Volume", RGBColor(0x55,0x00,0x88), "65,000 medical negligence cases filed in India in 2025 alone (18th Annual MedLegal Review). Structural barriers remain for families proving negligence — no expert panel system in many states.", "18th Annual MedLegal Review 2025"), ] t_card_w = Inches(4.12) t_card_h = Inches(1.68) t_gap_x = Inches(0.22) t_gap_y = Inches(0.18) t_start_l= Inches(0.35) t_start_t= Inches(1.45) for i,(ttl, col58, body, src) in enumerate(trends): row = i // 3 col_ = i % 3 xl = t_start_l + col_*(t_card_w + t_gap_x) yt = t_start_t + row*(t_card_h + t_gap_y) add_rect(s58, xl, yt, t_card_w, t_card_h, fill_rgb=RGBColor(0xF8,0xFA,0xFF), line_rgb=col58, line_width=1) add_rect(s58, xl, yt, t_card_w, Inches(0.35), fill_rgb=col58) add_textbox(s58, ttl, xl+Pt(6), yt+Pt(4), t_card_w-Pt(10), Inches(0.3), font_size=11.5, bold=True, color=WHITE) add_textbox(s58, body, xl+Pt(6), yt+Inches(0.38), t_card_w-Pt(12), Inches(1.05), font_size=10, color=DARK_TEXT) add_textbox(s58, src, xl+Pt(6), yt+Inches(1.46), t_card_w-Pt(12), Inches(0.2), font_size=8.5, italic=True, color=GREY_LINE) # Bottom implication bar add_rect(s58, Inches(0.35), Inches(5.82), W - Inches(0.7), Inches(0.6), fill_rgb=DARK_BLUE) add_textbox(s58, "Implications for Medical Practice: Document meticulously | Obtain procedure-specific consent | " "Avoid defensive medicine | Use standard treatment guidelines | Report MLCs promptly", Inches(0.42), Inches(5.86), W - Inches(0.84), Inches(0.52), font_size=11.5, color=WHITE, align=PP_ALIGN.CENTER) # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── outpath = "/tmp/workspace/indian-jurisprudence/Section7_Indian_Jurisprudence_Slides54-58.pptx" prs.save(outpath) print(f"Saved: {outpath}") PYEOF python /tmp/workspace/indian-jurisprudence/create_slides.py