🫁 Gastroenterology - MBBS Topic List

1. Esophagus

• Dysphagia (approach & causes)
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Barrett's Esophagus
• Achalasia Cardia
• Carcinoma Esophagus
• Esophageal varices
• Mallory-Weiss tear
• Boerhaave syndrome
• Esophagitis (reflux, infective, pill-induced)

2. Stomach & Duodenum

• Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - gastric & duodenal
• H. pylori infection
• Gastritis (acute & chronic - Type A & Type B)
• Carcinoma Stomach
• Gastric outlet obstruction
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• Menetrier's disease

3. Small Intestine

• Malabsorption syndrome
• Celiac disease (Gluten-sensitive enteropathy)
• Tropical sprue
• Whipple's disease
• Intestinal tuberculosis
• Crohn's disease
• Meckel's diverticulum
• Intestinal obstruction
• Short bowel syndrome
• Carcinoid tumors

4. Large Intestine / Colon

• Ulcerative colitis
• Crohn's disease (colonic)
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Colorectal carcinoma
• Diverticular disease (diverticulosis & diverticulitis)
• Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)
• Ischemic colitis
• Hirschsprung's disease
• Intussusception
• Volvulus

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

• Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (comparison)
• Complications of IBD
• Extraintestinal manifestations
• Medical & surgical management

6. Liver

• Jaundice - types, approach, differential diagnosis
• Viral Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E)
• Alcoholic liver disease
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH)
• Cirrhosis of liver - causes, complications, management
• Portal hypertension
• Ascites
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Wilson's disease
• Hemochromatosis
• Autoimmune hepatitis
• Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
• Liver abscess (amoebic & pyogenic)
• Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)

7. Biliary System

• Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
• Cholecystitis (acute & chronic)
• Cholangitis (ascending, acute)
• Choledocholithiasis
• Biliary colic
• Carcinoma gallbladder
• Cholangiocarcinoma
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis

8. Pancreas

• Acute pancreatitis - causes, severity scoring (Ranson's, APACHE, BISAP), management
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Pancreatic carcinoma
• Pancreatic pseudocyst
• Insulinoma & other pancreatic endocrine tumors
• Autoimmune pancreatitis

9. GI Bleeding

• Upper GI bleed - approach, causes, management
• Lower GI bleed - approach, causes, management
• Occult GI bleeding
• Variceal bleed management (Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, TIPS, endoscopic band ligation)

10. Peritoneum

• Peritonitis (primary & secondary)
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
• Tuberculous peritonitis

11. Nutrition & Miscellaneous

• Nutritional assessment
• Enteral vs parenteral nutrition
• Refeeding syndrome
• Protein-energy malnutrition (Kwashiorkor, Marasmus)

12. Investigations & Procedures (High-yield)

• Upper GI endoscopy (OGD scopy)
• Colonoscopy
• ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
• Liver biopsy
• MRCP
• Barium swallow / meal / enema
• Manometry (esophageal, anorectal)
• H. pylori tests (CLO test, urea breath test, serology)
• Child-Pugh & MELD score
• Fecal calprotectin, fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

13. Important Syndromes & Eponyms

• Courvoisier's law (carcinoma head of pancreas)
• Virchow's node, Sister Mary Joseph nodule (gastric carcinoma)
• Trousseau's sign (pancreatic carcinoma)
• Grey Turner's sign & Cullen's sign (pancreatitis)
• Murphy's sign (cholecystitis)
• Charcot's triad & Reynolds pentad (cholangitis)

14. High-Yield Exam Topics

• IBD comparison table (UC vs Crohn's)
• Hepatitis B serology interpretation
• Ranson's criteria for pancreatitis severity
• Causes and management of ascites
• Approach to jaundice
• Child-Pugh scoring
• GERD management ladder