I have GPSC interview for medical officer, for that I need to read this all programs in details so give me in details regarding each program, when does it started? Currently which phase, what is the public importance of each program, how does it works at phc CHC and subcebter level, who are at the role ? What is the role of asha or anm or medical officer role in each program? , what is target for program? And every detail from respective program website or gov website, who fund the program,and create Interview based viva Q from this all programs, 1. Maternal Health Programmes 1. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) – Promotes institutional deliveries through cash incentives. 2. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) – Free delivery, C-section, drugs, diagnostics, blood and transport services. 3. Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) – Free specialist ANC on the 9th of every month. 4. SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan) – Assured respectful and free maternal/newborn care. 5. LaQshya Programme – Labour room and maternity OT quality improvement initiative. 6. Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR). 7. Dakshata Programme – Skilled birth attendance and obstetric care. 2. Newborn Health Programmes 1. Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK) – Basic newborn care and resuscitation training. 2. Facility Based Newborn Care (FBNC) – NBCC, NBSU, SNCU. 3. Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC). 4. India Newborn Action Plan (INAP). 5. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Initiative. 3. Child Health Programmes 1. Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). 2. Mission Indradhanush (MI). 3. Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI). 4. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) – Screening for 4 Ds. 5. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). 6. Integrated Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (IAPPD). 7. Pulse Polio Immunization Programme. 8. Vitamin A Supplementation Programme. 9. National Deworming Day (NDD). 10. Poshan Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission). 11. Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB). 12. MAA Programme (Mother's Absolute Affection) – Promotion of breastfeeding. 4. Adolescent Health Programmes 1. Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) – Comprehensive adolescent health programme. 2. Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS). 3. Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS). 4. Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs). 5. Peer Educator (Saathiya) Programme. 6. School Health and Wellness Programme (Ayushman Bharat). 7. National Deworming Day (NDD). 8. Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB). 5. Reproductive Health / Family Planning Programmes 1. National Family Planning Programme (1952). 2. Mission Parivar Vikas (MPV). 3. Family Planning Indemnity Scheme (FPIS). 4. Post-Partum IUCD Programme (PPIUCD). 5. Comprehensive Abortion Care (CAC) services., pulse polio , tb , leprosy , ayushman bharat, cencus , srs 2026 update , high risk pregency , milestone , everything in detailed for GPSC medical officer interview ,

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JSY JSSK PMSMA SUMAN LaQshya maternal health programme India NHM details 2024

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RBSK RKSK Mission Indradhanush UIP Poshan Abhiyaan Anemia Mukt Bharat child health programme India NHM 2024

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maternal health programme JSY JSSK PMSMA SUMAN LaQshya details phase funding ASHA ANM Medical Officer role

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Ayushman Bharat PMJAY TB RNTCP leprosy NLEP family planning programme India 2024 2025 details NHM

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Here is your complete GPSC Medical Officer Interview Guide - all major national health programmes, fully detailed for viva preparation.

GPSC MEDICAL OFFICER - COMPLETE HEALTH PROGRAMME GUIDE

SECTION 1: MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

1. JANANI SURAKSHA YOJANA (JSY)

Launch: 12 April 2005 (modified from the National Maternity Benefit Scheme under NRHM) Funding: 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) under NHM Ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) Current Phase: Ongoing, part of NHM-RMNCH+A strategy

Objective

Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) by promoting institutional deliveries, especially among BPL families.

Classification of States

Low Performing States (LPS) - 10 states: UP, Uttarakhand, MP, Jharkhand, Bihar, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Assam, J&K
High Performing States (HPS): All remaining states

Cash Incentives (from 2012-13)

Category	Rural (Mother)	Rural (ASHA)	Urban (Mother)	Urban (ASHA)
LPS	Rs. 1400	Rs. 600	Rs. 1000	Rs. 400
HPS	Rs. 700	Rs. 600	Rs. 600	Rs. 400

Eligibility

LPS: ALL women (including SC/ST) delivering in govt. health centres or accredited private institutions - no BPL restriction, benefit upto 3rd child if woman opts for sterilization after delivery
HPS: Only BPL + SC/ST women; benefit limited to 2 live births

ASHA Package (LPS, NE states, tribal districts)

Rs. 250+ for referral transport
Rs. 200+ incentive per delivery
ASHA is the link worker between poor pregnant women and health facilities

Role at Various Levels

Sub-centre: ANM identifies beneficiaries, completes formalities, submits accounts by 7th of each month; ASHA escorts woman to facility
PHC: 24x7 PHC provides delivery services; MO oversees; JSY payments processed
CHC/FRU: C-sections covered; ASHA package available

Role Summary

Worker	Role
ASHA	Identify beneficiaries, escort to facility, ensure ANC/PNC visits, submit incentive claims
ANM	Register pregnant women, provide ANC, disburse JSY cash, submit monthly reports
Medical Officer	Supervise deliveries, certify institutional delivery, handle complications, ensure quality care

Target

All poor pregnant women - India had ~27 million deliveries/year; target to achieve >80% institutional delivery rate

2. JANANI SHISHU SURAKSHA KARYAKRAM (JSSK)

Launch: 1 June 2011 Funding: Central Government under NHM Current Phase: Ongoing; expanded to include ANC, PNC complications and sick infants up to 1 year

Objective

Eliminate out-of-pocket expenses for pregnant women and sick newborns using public health institutions.

Entitlements for Pregnant Women

Free and zero-expense delivery (including C-section)
Free drugs and consumables
Free diet: 3 days (normal delivery), 7 days (C-section)
Free diagnostics (all investigations)
Free blood wherever required
Free transport: home to institution, inter-facility referral, drop back home

Entitlements for Sick Newborns

Same package until 30 days after birth (extended to sick infants up to 1 year under expanded scheme)

Benefits

Estimated to benefit >12 million pregnant women accessing govt. facilities annually; key motivator for home-delivery families to opt for institutional delivery

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Counsel families on JSSK entitlements, ensure woman knows she will NOT pay anything
ANM	Ensure all required drugs, diet, transport arranged; fill JSSK service registers
Medical Officer	Certify eligibility, ensure zero expense, sign referral orders, oversee C-section coverage

At Sub-centre/PHC/CHC Level

Sub-centre: ASHA + ANM counsel and refer; free transport arranged
PHC (24x7): free delivery + drugs + diet; refer to CHC if complication
CHC/FRU: C-section, blood transfusion, all specialist care - all free

3. PRADHAN MANTRI SURAKSHIT MATRITVA ABHIYAN (PMSMA)

Launch: June 2016 Funding: Under NHM (Central + State) Current Phase: Ongoing; now extended as ePMSMA (Extended PMSMA) to cover more facilities and more days

Objective

Provide fixed-day, free, assured, quality ANC to all pregnant women in the country on the 9th of every month.

Key Features

Minimum package of ANC services (investigations + drugs) on 9th of every month
Focuses on 2nd and 3rd trimester women (>12 weeks)
Private sector doctors/OBGYNs volunteer to provide specialist ANC at govt. facilities
~2.20 crore ANC check-ups conducted; ~6,000 volunteers; >17,000 govt. facilities
11.66 lakh high-risk pregnancy cases identified

Services Provided

Weight, BP, abdominal examination
Hb, urine albumin/sugar, blood group, VDRL, HIV, blood sugar
Ultrasound (if available)
Iron/folic acid, calcium tablets, TT injection
Identification and management of high-risk pregnancies

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Mobilise all pregnant women for 9th-of-month visit; track registration
ANM	Register women, provide ANC record (MCP card), conduct basic checks, refer to PHC/CHC
Medical Officer	Conduct ANC at PHC; identify high-risk; refer complicated cases; coordinate volunteer OBGYN visits
OBGYN (volunteer)	Provide specialist ANC at CHC/DH on PMSMA day

At Facility Level

Sub-centre: ASHA/ANM refer women to higher facility on 9th
PHC: MO or CHO conducts PMSMA camp
CHC/DH: OBGYN specialist conducts detailed ANC camp

4. SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan)

Launch: 10 October 2019 Funding: NHM (Central + State) Current Phase: Ongoing; NQAS certification of SUMAN facilities ongoing

Objective

"Zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths" - assured, dignified, respectful, quality healthcare at NO COST at public health facilities. Zero tolerance for denial of services.

SUMAN Guarantees (Service Charter)

At least 4 ANC visits; first before 12 weeks
Skilled attendance at delivery
Free delivery services (normal + C-section) including drugs, diet, diagnostics, blood, transport
Free newborn care and management of complications up to 6 weeks
At least 3 postnatal care visits (day 1, day 3 or 7, day 42)
Zero denial of services
Respectful maternity care - no verbal/physical abuse

Service Guarantee Charter

Displayed in all public health facilities. Grievance redressal mechanism for denial of services.

SUMAN Volunteer/Champion

Community volunteer who monitors and ensures SUMAN services are accessible. Best performing volunteer recognised as SUMAN Champion.

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	SUMAN volunteer; community awareness; link to facility; first-responder for maternal death (Rs. 1000 incentive)
ANM	Ensure PNC visits (home visits Day 1, Day 3/7, Day 42); report denial of services
Medical Officer	Ensure zero denial policy; respectful maternity care; facility-level SUMAN compliance

5. LAQSHYA PROGRAMME

Launch: December 2017 Funding: NHM - Central funding with technical support from QCI (Quality Council of India) Current Phase: Ongoing; certification (State and National level) of Labour Rooms and Maternity OTs

Objective

Improve quality of care during childbirth at Labour Rooms (LR) and Maternity Operation Theatres (OT) in public health facilities to reduce preventable maternal and newborn deaths.

LaQshya Stands for

Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative

Certification Process

Baseline assessment
Gap closure plan
State certification (>70% score)
National certification (>80% score) LaQshya portal for digitisation of all data.

Key Standards Monitored

Patient rights and dignity
Essential drugs and equipment availability
Infection prevention
Skill of birth attendants
Documentation and monitoring
Triage and emergency protocols
Respectful maternity care

Facilities Targeted

District Hospitals, Medical Colleges, CHCs with >100 monthly deliveries

Roles

Worker	Role
Nursing Staff	Trained in respectful maternity care, skilled birth attendance, PPH management
Medical Officer	Implement LaQshya checklist; quality care protocols; documentation
Specialist (OBGYN)	Lead LR quality, oversee C-section OT protocols
State/National Assessors	LaQshya certification visits

6. MATERNAL DEATH SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE (MDSR)

Launch: 2013 (guidelines under RCH-II; formalised under NHM) Funding: NHM Current Phase: Ongoing; integrated with HMIS; India adopted MDSR from WHO recommendation

Objective

Ensure that every maternal death (in facility and community) is identified, notified, reviewed, and responded to with corrective action to prevent future deaths.

Components

Notification: Every maternal death must be notified within 24 hours (facility + community)
Review (Audit):
- Facility-based Maternal Death Review (FBMDR) - at facility level
- Community-based Maternal Death Review (CBMDR) - at village level by ASHA/ANM
Response: Action plan for identified gaps; feedback to facility and system

Three Delays Model Used in MDSR Review

Delay 1: Delay in recognition + decision to seek care
Delay 2: Delay in reaching facility
Delay 3: Delay in receiving adequate care at facility

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	First responder; inform of any maternal death in community; Rs. 1000 incentive for reporting
ANM	Community-based review; fill verbal autopsy form; submit to PHC
Medical Officer	Facility-based review chair; complete maternal death report form; submit to DH within 24 hours
CMO/DH	District-level review and response committee

Targets

MMR target: <70 per 1 lakh live births (SDG target by 2030)
India's MMR: 97 per 1 lakh live births (SRS 2018-20); Target SDG = 70; NHM target = <100

7. DAKSHATA PROGRAMME

Launch: 2017 (under Daksh training initiative; formalised under NHM) Funding: NHM Current Phase: Ongoing, rolled out in all states

Objective

Strengthen skilled birth attendance through competency-based training of ANMs and nurses in essential obstetric and newborn care at delivery points.

Dakshata = "Skilled Birth Attendance" Training

Focus on:

Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL)
Prevention and management of PPH
Management of eclampsia (MgSO4 protocol)
Neonatal resuscitation
Immediate newborn care (ENBC)
Infection prevention

Training Cascade

National trainers --> State trainers --> District trainers --> ANMs/Staff Nurses at facility

Viva Question Alert

What is LSAS? Life Saving Anaesthesia Skills - training of MBBS MOs to administer spinal anaesthesia for emergency C-sections at FRUs. Dakshata and LSAS are complementary training programmes under NHM.

SECTION 2: NEWBORN HEALTH PROGRAMMES

1. NAVJAAT SHISHU SURAKSHA KARYAKRAM (NSSK)

Launch: 2009 Funding: NHM Target: All health providers conducting deliveries (doctors, nurses, ANMs, paramedics)

Objective

Train healthcare providers in basic newborn care and resuscitation at birth to reduce the large number of preventable newborn deaths due to birth asphyxia.

What NSSK Teaches

Keeping baby warm (thermoregulation)
Ensuring baby is breathing (newborn resuscitation using Bag and Mask Ventilation)
Breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth
Prevention of infection (cord care, eye care, skin care)
Administration of Vitamin K (at birth)

Training Format

2-day training using simulation mannequins; integrated with FBNC training

Impact

India's NMR target: <12 per 1000 live births (NHM) / <7 per 1000 (SDG)
Birth asphyxia is one of top 3 causes of neonatal mortality; NSSK directly addresses this

2. FACILITY BASED NEWBORN CARE (FBNC)

Launch: 2011 Funding: NHM Current Phase: Ongoing; 20,336 NBCCs, 2,421 NBSUs, 844 SNCUs functional in India

Three-Tier Facility System

Facility Level	MCH Level	All Newborns	Sick Newborns
Sub-centre/PHC	Level I	Newborn Care Corner (NBCC) in labour room	Prompt referral
CHC/FRU	Level II	NBCC in LR and OT	Newborn Stabilization Unit (NBSU) - 4-bedded
District Hospital	Level III	NBCC in LR and OT	Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) - 12+ bedded

NBCC (Newborn Care Corner)

Mandatory in ALL delivery facilities
Provides immediate care at birth: warmth, resuscitation, breast-feeding support, eye care, cord care
Equipment: radiant warmer, bag-mask, suction, thermometer

NBSU (Newborn Stabilization Unit)

At CHC/FRU level
Short-term care of sick/LBW newborns
4 beds + 2 rooming-in beds in PNC ward

SNCU (Special Newborn Care Unit)

At District Hospital level
All special care EXCEPT assisted ventilation and major surgery
Minimum 12 beds (add 4/1000 deliveries above 3000/year)
Facilities with >3000 deliveries/year must have SNCU
NICU at regional/medical college level (for ventilation, surfactant, surgery)

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	HBNC visits; refer sick newborns; follow up SNCU discharged babies for 1 year
ANM	Assist in NBCC; provide immediate newborn care; manage NBSU with MO guidance
Medical Officer (PHC)	Newborn care at delivery; resuscitation; diagnose and refer to NBSU/SNCU
Paediatrician/MO (DH)	Manage SNCU; triage; treat neonatal sepsis, jaundice, asphyxia, LBW

3. HOME BASED NEWBORN CARE (HBNC)

Launch: 2011 (scaled nationally under NHM) Funding: NHM Implementing Agency: ASHA workers

Objective

Improve newborn survival by providing home-based care and early identification of danger signs through ASHA home visits.

ASHA Visit Schedule

Institutional delivery: 6 visits - Day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42
Home delivery: 7 visits - Day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42
LBW/preterm: Additional visits + 2-year follow-up
SNCU discharged babies: Follow-up for 1 year; Rs. 50/month incentive for LBW follow-up

ASHA Incentive for HBNC

Rs. 250 for completing all visits (institutional delivery) Rs. 250 for completing all visits after Day 7 (C-section)

Key ASHA Activities

Weigh newborn
Measure temperature
Ensure warmth (prevent hypothermia)
Support exclusive breastfeeding
Cord/skin/eye care
Recognise danger signs (sepsis, jaundice, respiratory distress)
Refer appropriately; inform ANM for sick newborn visits

HBNC Plus (Home Based Care for Young Child - HBYC)

Extended to cover children up to 15 months (HBNC + HBYC integrated in many states)

4. INDIA NEWBORN ACTION PLAN (INAP)

Launch: September 2014 (during Every Newborn Action Plan global summit, India launched INAP) Funding: Government of India + development partners (UNICEF, WHO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)

INAP Targets by 2030

NMR < 10 per 1000 live births
Stillbirth rate < 10 per 1000 total births

Six Strategic Actions ("SAANS" Framework integrated)

Strengthen and scale up care at birth
Scale up care for small and sick newborns
Improve care at home and in community
Improve nutrition in pregnancy and newborn period
Strengthen IEC/BCC and empower communities
Improve data/measurement systems

Current NMR (India)

India's NMR = 20 per 1000 live births (SRS 2020); target under NHM = <16; SDG target = <12

5. KANGAROO MOTHER CARE (KMC)

Launch: Promoted under NHM since 2011; dedicated KMC wards operationalised under FBNC Funding: NHM; WHO strongly recommends KMC for LBW/preterm newborns

What is KMC?

Skin-to-skin contact between mother (or father/caregiver) and newborn - the baby is kept vertically on the mother's chest between the breasts, skin-to-skin, covered with a cloth.

Indications

Stable LBW (<2000 g) and preterm newborns

Benefits

Thermoregulation (prevents hypothermia - one of top killers of LBW babies)
Promotes exclusive breastfeeding
Reduces infection rates
Reduces mortality by 40% in LBW babies
Reduces neonatal ICU stay

KMC at Facility Level

District hospitals: dedicated KMC wards/rooms adjacent to SNCU
CHC level: trained staff provide KMC training to mothers before discharge
Community level: ASHA counsels on continuing KMC at home

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Counsel mothers; promote KMC at home; follow up
ANM/Nurse	Train mother in KMC positioning; monitor at facility
Medical Officer	Identify eligible babies; prescribe KMC; monitor weight gain

SECTION 3: CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMMES

1. UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME (UIP)

Launch: 19 November 1985 (dedicated to memory of Smt. Indira Gandhi; India's version of EPI launched globally in 1974)

Part of CSSM (1992), RCH (1997), now NHM Funding: GoI (vaccines funded centrally); delivery cost shared Centre:State (60:40 general, 90:10 NE/special)

Vaccines Under UIP (Current Schedule 2024)

Age	Vaccines
At Birth	BCG, OPV-0 (birth dose), Hepatitis B (birth dose)
6 weeks	OPV-1, Pentavalent-1 (DPT+HepB+Hib), IPV-1, Rotavirus-1, PCV-1
10 weeks	OPV-2, Pentavalent-2, Rotavirus-2
14 weeks	OPV-3, Pentavalent-3, IPV-2, Rotavirus-3, PCV-2
9-12 months	MR-1, JE-1 (endemic districts), Vitamin A (1st dose), PCV Booster
16-24 months	DPT booster-1, OPV Booster, MR-2, JE-2, Vitamin A (2nd dose)
5-6 years	DPT booster-2
10 years	TT
16 years	TT
Pregnancy	TT-1, TT-2 (or TT Booster)

Recent Additions (Know These!)

Rotavirus vaccine - introduced from 2016 (phased rollout)
IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) - introduced 2015 alongside OPV
PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) - introduced 2017 (phased)
MR replaced MMR in many states

UIP Targets

Full immunization coverage >90%
India's full immunization coverage = 76.4% (NFHS-5, 2019-21)

Session Sites

Sub-centre (ANM) - weekly/fixed day sessions at AWC, school, village
PHC - fixed day sessions; cold chain maintenance
CHC/DH - immunization OPD + outreach

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Generate demand; create beneficiary list; accompany mother to immunization session; track defaulters
ANM	Conduct immunization sessions; maintain cold chain; record in immunization register; track coverage
Medical Officer	Supervise UIP at PHC; verify cold chain; manage AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunization); report to AEFI committee

Cold Chain

National level: ILR (Ice Lined Refrigerators), Deep Freezers at district
Sub-centre level: Vaccine carriers + ice packs
Temperature: 2-8°C (most vaccines); -20°C (OPV, Varicella)

2. MISSION INDRADHANUSH (MI)

Launch: December 2014 Funding: GoI - 100% central funding; technical support from WHO, UNICEF Current Phase: Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 ongoing

Objective

Achieve and sustain full immunization coverage of >90% by vaccinating children under 2 years and pregnant women who are unvaccinated or partially vaccinated - depicted by 7 colours of rainbow (7 vaccines at launch: BCG, OPV, DPT, Hep B, measles, TT, Vit A).

Phases

Phase	Launch	Focus
Mission Indradhanush (MI 1.0)	December 2014	201 high-priority districts
Intensified MI (IMI 1.0)	October 2017	121 districts (including urban slums)
IMI 2.0	December 2019	272 districts
IMI 3.0	February 2021	Focus states, tribal blocks, NE states

Strategy

4 rounds per year, each 7-day duration
Targets: unreached children in urban slums, migrant settlements, tribal areas, hard-to-reach areas
Door-to-door survey to identify missed children

At Facility Level

Sub-centre: ANM-led outreach camps
PHC: Fixed day sessions + outreach; MO supervises
CHC: Coordination of MI rounds; reporting to DH

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Door-to-door survey; list unvaccinated/partially vaccinated; mobilise families
ANM	Conduct MI vaccination sessions; cold chain management
Medical Officer	Plan MI rounds; supervise; report coverage; manage AEFI

3. RASHTRIYA BAL SWASTHYA KARYAKRAM (RBSK)

Launch: February 2013 Funding: NHM (Central + State) Current Phase: Ongoing; being expanded to include rare diseases

Objective

Early detection and management of 4 Ds in children aged 0-18 years:

Defects at birth (congenital - heart defects, cleft lip/palate, neural tube defects, etc.)
Diseases (childhood diseases - dental caries, sickle cell anaemia, skin conditions, etc.)
Deficiencies (nutritional - anaemia, vitamin D, blindness due to Vit A deficiency)
Developmental Delays including Disabilities (autism, intellectual disability, hearing/vision impairment, motor delay)

Target Population

~270 million (27 crore) children from birth to 18 years

Implementation

Newborns at delivery points (0-6 weeks): Screened by delivery staff
Children at AWC (6 weeks - 6 years): Screened by Mobile Health Teams (MHT)
School children (6-18 years): Screened at govt. schools by MHT

Mobile Health Teams (MHT)

Each MHT = 2 persons (Medical Officer/AYUSH doctor + ANM/Paramedic)

2 MHTs per block: 1 for AWC, 1 for govt. school
Screen for all 4 Ds; refer to District Early Intervention Centre (DEIIC) or higher

District Early Intervention Centre (DEIIC)

At district hospital level
Specialists: Paediatric surgeon, ENT, Ophthalmologist, Dental surgeon, Psychologist, etc.
Free treatment, surgery, corrective devices

Free Treatment

All treatment including surgeries (cleft lip repair, heart surgery, cochlear implants) provided FREE at govt. facilities or empanelled private centres

30 Conditions Screened (Key ones to remember)

Congenital heart disease, cleft lip/palate, neural tube defects, Down syndrome, clubfoot, congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity, hearing loss, sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, anaemia, dental caries, rheumatic heart disease, epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism, ADHD, cerebral palsy

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Mobilise children to AWC/school for screening day; follow up after referral
ANM	Assist MHT during screening; record keeping; refer to DEIIC
Medical Officer (MHT)	Screen children; identify 4 Ds; refer to DEIIC; conduct camps at schools/AWCs
MO at PHC	Coordinate MHT activities; maintain RBSK registers

4. INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL AND CHILDHOOD ILLNESS (IMNCI)

Launch: 2003 (community-based C-IMNCI); 2009 (F-IMNCI - Facility based) Developed by: WHO + UNICEF Funding: NHM

Objective

Reduce child mortality from leading causes (pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, malnutrition, neonatal conditions) through a systematic, integrated approach at community and facility levels.

C-IMNCI (Community)

Implemented by ASHAs and ANMs
Covers children 0 days to 5 years
Key interventions: ORS/Zinc for diarrhoea, cotrimoxazole for pneumonia at community level, referral of danger signs

F-IMNCI (Facility)

Implemented by MOs at CHC and district hospital
Integration of facility care with IMNCI package
Focus on: asphyxia, sepsis, LBW, pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria, meningitis, severe malnutrition in hospitalised children

Danger Signs Taught to ASHA (for referral)

Not able to drink/breastfeed
Vomits everything
Convulsions
Abnormally sleepy/unconscious
Severe malnutrition
Fast breathing/chest indrawing

5. INTEGRATED ACTION PLAN FOR PNEUMONIA AND DIARRHOEA (IAPPD)

Launch: 2014 (India endorsed Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhoea - GAPPD) Key interventions:

ORS and Zinc for diarrhoea (Zinc reduces duration and severity)
Amoxicillin for pneumonia at community level (by ASHA in approved states)
Exclusive breastfeeding
Rotavirus vaccine, PCV
WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene)
Vitamin A supplementation

6. PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME

Launch: 2 October 1994 (National Immunization Day - NID) Current Phase: India declared POLIO FREE on 27 March 2014 (WHO certification); NIDs/SNIDs continue for certification maintenance and OPV use continues under UIP

Strategy

NIDs (National Immunization Days) - twice yearly
SNIDs (Sub-National Immunization Days) - for high-risk areas
Mop-up rounds
Booth day strategy: Fixed booths + mobile teams + house-to-house
Target: All children 0-5 years

Eradication Status

Last wild polio case in India: January 13, 2011 (UP, Howrah)
WHO declared India polio-free: 27 March 2014
Global eradication target: by 2026 (Wild Polio Type 2 eradicated 2015; Type 3 eradicated 2019)

Switch from tOPV to bOPV (2016)

Global switch from trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV (Type 1 + 3 only) + introduction of IPV to prevent VAPP (Vaccine Associated Paralytic Polio)

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Pulse Polio mobilisation; accompany children to booth
ANM	Conduct booth; maintain cold chain; house-to-house mop-up
Medical Officer	Plan NID; supervise booths; line list AFP cases

7. VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME

Launched: Part of UIP and CSSM Current Phase: Ongoing under UIP schedule

Schedule

1st dose: 9-12 months with measles vaccine (1 lakh IU = 1 ml)
Subsequent doses: Every 6 months until 5 years (2 lakh IU = 2 ml)
Total: 9 doses by 5 years

Purpose

Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) - leading cause of preventable blindness
Reduce child mortality (Vit A reduces all-cause mortality by 24%)
Reduce measles severity

India's Vit A Status

Bitot's spots (sign of Vit A deficiency): present in some tribal/rural pockets
National goal: Elimination of VAD as a public health problem

8. NATIONAL DEWORMING DAY (NDD)

Launch: February 10, 2015 Funding: MoHFW + MoE (Ministry of Education) Current Phase: Twice yearly (February 10 + August 10) - ongoing

Objective

Mass deworming of all children aged 1-19 years using single dose Albendazole on fixed days

Drug Given

1-2 years: Albendazole 200 mg (half tablet, crushed)
2-19 years: Albendazole 400 mg (1 tablet, chewed)

Delivery Platforms

Anganwadi Centres (for 1-5 years)
Schools - Govt. and Aided (for 5-19 years)
Mop-up days for missed children

Impact

Worms cause anaemia, malnutrition, impaired cognitive development
India treats ~300 million children per round

Roles

ASHA/AWW: mobilise children at AWC; give drug
ANM: supervise at sub-centre level; mop-up
MO/PHC: supervise at block level; manage adverse events

9. POSHAN ABHIYAAN (National Nutrition Mission)

Launch: 8 March 2018 (International Women's Day, Rajasthan) Current Phase: Poshan 2.0 (from 2021) - merger of ICDS + Poshan Abhiyaan + other nutrition schemes Funding: Centrally Sponsored; 50:50 Centre:State (60:40 for NE)

Objective

Reduce malnutrition and anaemia in India through convergence, technology, and behaviour change.

Targets (by 2022, now extended)

Reduce stunting (low height-for-age) by 2% per year
Reduce undernutrition (underweight) by 2% per year
Reduce Low Birth Weight by 2% per year
Reduce anaemia in children (6-59 months) by 3% per year

Focus Population

Children 0-6 years (especially first 1000 days = 270 days pregnancy + 2 years)
Pregnant and lactating women
Adolescent girls (15-19 years)

Key Strategies under Poshan 2.0

Poshan Tracker (technology platform for AWW)
Poshan Maah (Nutrition Month - September)
Poshan Pakhwada (2-week nutrition fortnight)
Community based events at AWC
Fortification of staple foods
Focus on WASH + nutrition convergence
NRC (Nutritional Rehabilitation Centres) for SAM children

Roles

Worker	Role
Anganwadi Worker (AWW)	Main implementer; weighing children; counselling mothers; supplementary nutrition
ASHA	Refer SAM children to NRC; counsel on IYCF
ANM	Coordinate with AWW; identify SAM/MAM; referral
Medical Officer	Manage NRC at PHC/CHC; treat SAM with complications

10. ANEMIA MUKT BHARAT (AMB)

Launch: 2018 (part of NHM) Funding: NHM (Centre + State) Current Phase: Ongoing; 6x6x6 strategy

Objective

Reduce anaemia prevalence in India among 6 target groups using 6 interventions delivered through 6 institutional platforms.

6 Target Beneficiary Groups

Children 6-59 months
Children 5-9 years
Adolescents 10-19 years (boys + girls)
Pregnant women
Women of reproductive age (15-49 years)
Lactating mothers (0-6 months post-delivery)

6 Interventions

Prophylactic IFA supplementation
Deworming (Albendazole)
Intensified year-round IFA supplementation
Dietary diversification/food fortification
Delayed cord clamping
Treatment of anaemia in severe cases

6 Delivery Platforms

AWCs (ICDS/Poshan)
Schools (Midday meal/WIFS)
Healthcare facilities (ANC/PNC)
Mass drug administration
Digital health (HMIS/RCH portal)
Convergence with WASH, agriculture

India's Anaemia Burden

Children 6-59 months: 67.1% anaemic (NFHS-5)
Women 15-49 years: 57% anaemic (NFHS-5)
Pregnant women: 52.2% anaemic (NFHS-5)

11. MAA PROGRAMME (Mother's Absolute Affection)

Launch: August 2016 Funding: NHM Current Phase: Ongoing

Objective

Promote breastfeeding - especially early initiation (within 1 hour of birth) and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months.

Three Pillars

Enabling environment - supportive hospital/workplace policies
Counselling - ANM/ASHA trained in lactation counselling
Media campaign - mass media for demand generation

Key Messages

Early initiation within 1 hour (colostrum = "liquid gold")
Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months
Continued breastfeeding up to 2 years with complementary feeding from 6 months

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Counsel at community level; HBNC visits for breastfeeding support
ANM	Ensure breastfeeding initiation at delivery; lactation counselling
Medical Officer	Ensure hospital policies support MAA; train staff; Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)

SECTION 4: ADOLESCENT HEALTH PROGRAMMES

1. RASHTRIYA KISHOR SWASTHYA KARYAKRAM (RKSK)

Launch: January 7, 2014 (replaced ARSH - Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health Programme) Funding: NHM (Centre + State) Current Phase: Ongoing

Target Group

Adolescents 10-19 years (252 million in India = largest adolescent population globally)

6 Strategic Themes

Nutrition (anaemia, micronutrients)
Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH)
Non-communicable diseases
Mental health
Injuries and violence
Substance misuse

Key Components

Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs) - at PHC/CHC/DH level (also called ARSH clinics)
Peer Educators (Saathiya) - trained adolescents delivering health messages
Weekly IFA Supplementation (WIFS)
National Deworming Day (NDD)
Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS)
Saathiya Resource Kit (distributed to ASHAs + peer educators)

RKSK Strategy - 5 Pronged

Providing services through AFHCs + platforms
Peer-led model (Saathiya)
Community participation
Convergence (Health + Education + WCD)
Platforms - schools, AWC, community

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA (as Saathiya facilitator)	Distribute Saathiya resource kit; facilitate peer education groups
ANM	Conduct RKSK sessions at AFHCs; WIFS distribution; counselling
Medical Officer	Run AFHS clinics; treat adolescent health issues; provide confidential counselling

2. WEEKLY IRON AND FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION (WIFS)

Launch: Part of RKSK; National Iron Plus Initiative (NiPI) Funding: NHM Target: 10.25 crore adolescents (10-19 years), boys + girls

Drug Given

100 mg elemental iron + 500 mcg folic acid - once weekly on a FIXED DAY
Supervised consumption at school/AWC

Additional Components

Biannual deworming (Albendazole 400 mg) - 6 months apart
Screening for moderate/severe anaemia
IEC on dietary diversification

Delivery

School-based for 10-19 years (govt. schools)
AWC-based for out-of-school adolescents

3. MENSTRUAL HYGIENE SCHEME (MHS)

Launch: 2011 (MoHFW) Funding: NHM; state contribution Target: Adolescent girls 10-19 years in rural areas

Key Activities

Health education on menstrual hygiene
Distribution of subsidised/free sanitary napkins through ASHA
ASHA trained as distributor + counsellor
Safe disposal mechanisms

ASHA Role

ASHA sells sanitary napkins to adolescent girls at subsidised rate (Rs. 6 for pack of 6 pads); earns commission per packet sold; also counsels girls

4. ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTH CLINICS (AFHCs)

Also called: ARSH (Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health) Clinics Launch: 2005 (ARSH); strengthened under RKSK 2014 Established at: CHC, DH, and some PHCs

Services

STI/RTI screening and treatment
Contraceptive counselling
Counselling for nutrition, mental health, substance misuse
Referral for complications
Confidential, adolescent-friendly, youth-friendly environment

5. PEER EDUCATOR (SAATHIYA) PROGRAMME

Launch: Under RKSK 2014 Saathiya = trusted friend/peer

How it Works

1 peer educator (Saathiya) per village/AWC - selected from adolescent group
Trained to deliver health messages to peers
Saathiya Resource Kit provided to all ASHAs and peer educators
ASHA facilitates and mentors the Saathiya

Topics Covered by Saathiya

Nutrition, puberty, menstruation
Family planning and contraception
STI/HIV awareness
Anti-tobacco, anti-alcohol messages
Gender equality

6. SCHOOL HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROGRAMME (Ayushman Bharat)

Launch: 2018 (under Ayushman Bharat - School Health Programme) Funding: MoHFW + Ministry of Education (convergence)

Key Feature

Two teachers in every school designated as "Health and Wellness Ambassadors" (1 male + 1 female)

Activities

Annual health checkup of students (linked to RBSK)
Monthly bi-annual health interventions
WIFS, NDD, MHS linkage
Referral of sick children to PHC

SECTION 5: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH / FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMMES

1. NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME

Launch: 1952 - India was the FIRST country in the world to launch a national family planning programme Funding: 100% centrally sponsored; currently under NHM Current Phase: Part of RCH-II and NHM-RMNCH+A strategy

Evolution

Year	Development
1952	First national FP programme; clinic-based approach
1965	IUD introduced; mass vasectomy camps
1966	Department of FP created
1977	Programme renamed "Family Welfare" after Emergency-era coercion; voluntary approach
1996	Target-free approach; couple protection rate (CPR) focus
2000	National Population Policy 2000; TFR target 2.1 by 2010
2012	Spacing methods emphasis; PPIUCD introduced
2017	Mission Parivar Vikas for high-TFR districts

Current Basket of Contraceptives (Free under govt. programme)

Condoms (male)
Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP)
Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECP / "i-pill" equivalent)
IUCD (CuT-380A / CuT-375) - Interval IUCD
PPIUCD (Post-Partum IUCD)
Injectable Contraceptive (MPA - Depo Provera 150 mg) - "Antara" programme
Male sterilisation (Vasectomy - conventional + No Scalpel Vasectomy/NSV)
Female sterilisation (Minilap, Laparoscopic sterilisation)

CPR (Contraceptive Prevalence Rate) India

Any modern method: 56.5% (NFHS-5)
Sterilisation dominates (37.9%)

2. MISSION PARIVAR VIKAS (MPV)

Launch: 2016 Funding: NHM; 100% central funding Target: 146 high-focus districts in 7 high TFR states (UP, Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Assam) with TFR >3

5-Pronged Strategy

Ensuring availability of contraceptives at all levels (including sub-centre)
ASHA facilitation for family planning acceptors
Promoting spacing methods - PPIUCD, injectable, barrier methods
Saas-Bahu Sammelan - involving mother-in-law in FP counselling
Nayi Pehel Kit - kit of FP items given to newly married couples

Fugdi Programme / Navdampati Kit (Nayi Pehel)

Kit containing: condoms, OCPs, FP literature - given to newly married couples through ASHA

3. FAMILY PLANNING INDEMNITY SCHEME (FPIS)

Launch: 2005 (revised 2013) Purpose: Compensation/insurance for deaths, complications or failures related to sterilisation procedures

Compensation (Revised 2013)

Condition	Amount
Death within 30 days of sterilisation	Rs. 2,00,000
Failure of sterilisation (unwanted pregnancy)	Rs. 30,000
Hospitalisation due to complications	Rs. 25,000-50,000

Eligibility

All sterilisations done at govt. or empanelled private facilities
All types: tubectomy, vasectomy, PPIUCD

4. POST-PARTUM IUCD PROGRAMME (PPIUCD)

Launch: 2010 (under RCH-II; scaled nationally from 2012) Funding: NHM Current Phase: Ongoing; promoted as key spacing method

What is PPIUCD?

Insertion of CuT 380A within 48 hours of delivery (immediate = within 10 mins of placenta delivery; early = 48 hours) or at C-section

Advantages

High contraceptive effectiveness (>99%)
Avoids repeated outpatient visit
No systemic side effects (unlike hormonal methods)
Immediate post-partum period - mother already in facility
Can be done at PHC/CHC level

Eligibility

Any woman who has just delivered and desires spacing; no contraindications (infection, uterine anomaly)

Who Can Insert

Trained MO, OBGYN, Staff Nurse (after training)

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	Pre-delivery counselling on PPIUCD; written informed consent obtained
ANM/Nurse	Conduct PPIUCD insertion (trained); counsel on follow-up
Medical Officer	Train staff; do complicated insertions; follow-up at 4-6 weeks

5. COMPREHENSIVE ABORTION CARE (CAC)

Legal Basis: MTP Act 1971; amended in 2002 (expanded providers + facilities) and 2021 (major amendment)

MTP Act 2021 Key Changes

Gestation limit extended: up to 20 weeks for most women (earlier 12 weeks without board)
Up to 24 weeks for special categories:
- Survivors of rape/sexual assault
- Minors
- Change in marital status (widow/divorce during pregnancy)
- Women with physical/mental disabilities
- Fetal abnormalities (no upper limit with Medical Board approval)
Medical Board to certify abortions beyond 24 weeks
Partner's consent NOT required (only woman's consent)

CAC Services Include

Medical abortion (MMA - Mifepristone 200 mg + Misoprostol 800 mcg) up to 9 weeks
Surgical abortion: MVA (Manual Vacuum Aspiration) up to 12 weeks; EVA/D&E beyond 12 weeks
Post-abortion contraceptive counselling
Treatment of complications (incomplete abortion, septic abortion)

At PHC Level

MO trained in MVA can perform abortions; MMA can be prescribed by any registered doctor

ASHA Role

Distribute MMA kits (in approved states) for medical abortion up to 7 weeks at community level; counsel on CAC services; escort to facility

SECTION 6: OTHER MAJOR PROGRAMMES

NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINATION PROGRAMME (NTEP) - Formerly RNTCP

RNTCP Launch: 1997 (replacing NTP of 1962) Renamed to NTEP: 2020 (reflecting ambitious elimination goal) Funding: Central govt. + Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) + World Bank Target: Eliminate TB by 2025 (India's target; SDG target is 2030)

India's TB Burden

India accounts for 27% of global TB burden
2.1 million new TB cases per year (highest in world)
TB mortality: ~4.5 lakh/year

DOTS Strategy (originally)

Political and administrative commitment
Case detection by quality sputum smear microscopy
Standardised short-course chemotherapy under direct observation
Uninterrupted supply of anti-TB drugs
Standardised recording and reporting system

Current NTEP Strategy (Post-2020)

Universal Drug Susceptibility Testing (UDST) - CBNAAT/Gene Xpert for all presumptive TB cases at diagnosis
Nikshay portal - web-based TB notification system (mandatory notification)
Nikshay Poshan Yojana - Rs. 500/month nutritional support to ALL TB patients
Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (2022) - community support for TB patients
100-day Intensified TB elimination campaign (multiple rounds)
TBI (TB Preventive Therapy) - 6H (Isoniazid x 6 months) for household contacts

Drug Regimens (Know these!)

Category	Regimen
Drug Sensitive TB (DS-TB)	2HRZE / 4HR (6 months total)
Drug Resistant TB (DR-TB)	Bedaquiline-based regimen (BPaL/BPaLM)

Nikshay Mitra

Under PM TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan: individuals, organisations, CSOs "adopt" TB patients for additional nutritional, diagnostics, and vocational support.

TB Levels

Sub-centre: ASHA is DOT provider; Sputum collection
PHC: MO diagnoses and treats DS-TB; Gene Xpert at DMC
CHC: TB unit (TU); DRTB management coordination
District: DTO (District TB Officer); Designated DRTB Centre

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	DOT (Direct Observation of Treatment) provider; sputum collection facilitation; Nikshay support
ANM	Refer presumptive TB cases; support ASHA in DOT
Medical Officer	Diagnose using CBNAAT; prescribe regimen; notify on Nikshay; manage side effects; follow up

NATIONAL LEPROSY ERADICATION PROGRAMME (NLEP)

Launch: 1983 (as national programme with MDT) Funding: Centrally Sponsored Scheme under NHM; Centre:State = 60:40 (general), 90:10 (NE states) Goal: Eliminate leprosy (PR <1/10,000) - achieved nationally in 2005; now aiming for district-level elimination and zero transmission

Current Status (2024-25)

National Prevalence Rate (PR): 0.57 per 10,000 (2024-25)
638/640 districts achieved PR <1/10,000 (2024-25)
Grade 2 Disability rate declined from 4.48/million (2014-15) to 1.31/million (2024-25)

MDT Regimens

Type	Regimen	Duration
Paucibacillary (PB) - 1-5 patches	Rifampicin 600 mg monthly (supervised) + Dapsone 100 mg daily	6 months
Multibacillary (MB) - >5 patches	Rifampicin 600 mg + Clofazimine 300 mg monthly + Dapsone 100 mg + Clofazimine 50 mg daily	12 months

Classification

PB: 1-5 skin patches, smear negative
MB: >5 skin patches OR smear positive OR nerve involvement

Leprosy Reaction

Type 1 (Reversal reaction): Cell-mediated; treat with prednisolone
Type 2 (ENL - Erythema Nodosum Leprosum): Immune complex; treat with thalidomide/clofazimine/prednisolone

National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2023-2027

Target: Zero leprosy cases by 2027
ASHA Based Surveillance for Leprosy Suspects (ABSULS) in low endemic districts
Focused Leprosy Campaign (FLC) and Leprosy Case Detection Campaign (14 days) in high endemic districts
Leprosy screening convergence with RBSK, RKSK, AB-HWC

Roles

Worker	Role
ASHA	ABSULS - report suspected cases; accompany to PHC; social support
ANM	Refer suspects; support MDT distribution
Medical Officer	Diagnose leprosy (slit-skin smear, skin biopsy); initiate MDT; classify and treat reactions; disability prevention

AYUSHMAN BHARAT PROGRAMME

Announced: February 2018; flagship programme of Government of India Current Phase: Fully operational; expanded with Ayushman Bhav Campaign (2023)

Two Components

A. Health and Wellness Centres (HWC) / Ayushman Arogya Mandirs

Target: 1.5 lakh HWCs across India (SHC-HWC, PHC-HWC, UPHC-HWC)
First HWC inaugurated: 14 April 2018, Bijapur, Chhattisgarh
Renamed "Ayushman Arogya Mandir" in 2023

Comprehensive Primary Health Care Package:

Maternal and child health
Communicable diseases (TB, leprosy, malaria)
Non-communicable diseases (HTN, DM, oral/breast/cervical cancer)
Mental health, geriatric care, ophthalmology, ENT, oral health
Palliative care
Free essential drugs + diagnostics

HWC Team:

Sub-HWC: Community Health Officer (CHO) - BSc/GNM Nurse or AYUSH practitioner with 6-month certificate in community health; + MPW (male/female) + ASHA
PHC-HWC: Medical Officer + nursing staff + ASHA

B. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) / AB-PMJAY

Launch: 23 September 2018 (Jharkhand)
Coverage: Rs. 5 lakh per family per year for hospitalisation
Beneficiaries: 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families (SECC 2011 data) = ~50 crore individuals
Ayushman Card: Digital health card for cashless treatment
Expanded 2024: Ayushman Vaya Vandana - all citizens above 70 years covered regardless of income

Services Covered:

1,929 medical and surgical packages (procedures)
Secondary and tertiary care
Pre and post hospitalisation (3 days pre + 15 days post)
Day care procedures
No cap on family size; annual renewal

Who is Excluded: Families with govt. employees, income tax payers; those already in state schemes (merged with AB-PMJAY in many states)

Ayushman Bhav Campaign (2023):

Saturation of AB-PMJAY cards
Ayushman Sabhas at every gram panchayat
Non-communicable disease screening
Blood donation camps

CENSUS OF INDIA

Conducting Body: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (ORGI) Under: Ministry of Home Affairs

History

First census in British India: 1872 (non-synchronous)
First synchronous census: 1881
Last completed census: 2011 (Census Commissioner: Dr. C. Chandramouli)
Census 2021 was due but POSTPONED due to COVID-19; as of June 2026, Census 2021 has NOT been conducted yet - fresh date not officially announced though operations are reportedly underway/planned

Census 2011 Key Data (Last official census)

Total Population: 1,210,854,977 (121 crore)
Sex Ratio: 943 females per 1000 males
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 919 per 1000
Literacy Rate: 74.04% (Male: 82.14%, Female: 65.46%)
Decadal Growth Rate: 17.64%
Density: 382 persons/km²
Urban population: 31.16%

For Interview - Important Note

Census 2021 is still pending (as of 2026). The government uses NFHS-5 (2019-21) and SRS 2020 data in the interim for health planning.

SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM (SRS)

Established: 1964-65 (operational data from 1969-70) Conducting Body: ORGI (Office of Registrar General of India) Purpose: Continuous demographic data collection - birth rate, death rate, IMR, MMR, TFR

SRS Methodology

Dual record system: enumerator + survey
Population coverage: ~7.5 million (7.5 lakh households)
Annual reports

Latest SRS Data (SRS 2020 - Released 2022)

Indicator	India	Urban	Rural
Birth Rate (CBR)	19.5	16.4	21.1
Death Rate (CDR)	7.0	5.5	7.7
Natural Growth Rate	12.5	-	-
IMR	35.2	23.6	40.8
NMR	20.3	-	-
U5MR	41.9	-	-
TFR	2.0	1.6	2.2
MMR	97 (SRS 2018-20)	-	-

SRS 2026 Update Note

As of June 2026, the SRS Bulletin for 2022 or 2023 may have been released. The key expected trends:

TFR approaching or at replacement level (2.1) nationally; may be below replacement in many states
IMR continuing to decline; India's SDG target: IMR <12 by 2030
MMR continuing to decline; India's target: <70 by 2030

TFR below 2.1 in 25+ states already (NFHS-5). India's TFR = 2.0 (SRS 2020).

HIGH RISK PREGNANCY (HRP)

Definition: A pregnancy in which the mother, fetus, or newborn is at higher than usual risk for complications during pregnancy, labour, delivery, or the postnatal period.

Classification of Risk Factors (Used in PMSMA/ANC)

Category	Risk Factors
Obstetric history	Previous C-section, previous PPH, previous stillbirth, previous preterm, Grand multipara (>4 deliveries)
Medical conditions	Hypertension, Diabetes (GDM or pre-existing), Cardiac disease, Anaemia (<7 g/dL), Renal disease, Thyroid disorders, Epilepsy, HIV
Current pregnancy	Antepartum haemorrhage, Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Malpresentations, Multiple pregnancy, Oligohydramnios/Polyhydramnios, IUGR, Rh incompatibility, Preterm labour
Sociodemographic	Age <18 or >35, Height <145 cm, Weight <40 kg, No ANC (late registration), Malnutrition

HRP Identification Tools

RCH portal/HMIS - online tracking of high risk pregnant women
MCP (Mother and Child Protection) card - risk status recorded
PMSMA - most HRPs identified on 9th-of-month ANC camps (11.66 lakh identified so far)

Management at Facility Levels

Level	Action
Sub-centre/ASHA	Identify using ASHA checklist; refer to PHC; track visits
PHC	Medical Officer assess risk; refer to CHC/FRU if needed; ensure minimum 4 ANC; provide IFA, TT, calcium
CHC/FRU	OBGYN assessment; specialist care; prepare for complicated delivery; LSAS-trained MO for emergency C-section
District Hospital	Tertiary management - OBGYN, blood bank, NICU, HDU/ICU

Danger Signs Requiring Immediate Referral

BP ≥140/90 mmHg
Seizures
Bleeding (APH)
Reduced fetal movements
Severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dL)
Premature rupture of membranes

SECTION 7: KEY MILESTONES AND TARGETS - QUICK REFERENCE

Indicator	Current Value	Target
MMR	97/lakh live births (SRS 2018-20)	<70 (SDG 2030); <100 (NHM)
IMR	35.2/1000 live births (SRS 2020)	<12 (SDG 2030)
NMR	20.3/1000 live births (SRS 2020)	<7 (SDG 2030)
U5MR	41.9/1000 live births (SRS 2020)	<25 (SDG 2030)
TFR	2.0 (SRS 2020)	2.1 (replacement level - achieved)
Full Immunization	76.4% (NFHS-5)	>90% (NHM)
Institutional Delivery	88.6% (NFHS-5)	>90%
Stunting	35.5% (NFHS-5)	<25%
Anaemia in children	67.1% (NFHS-5)	Reduce by 3%/year
TB Elimination	2025 target	India-specific goal; SDG = 2030
Leprosy PR	0.57/10,000 (2024-25)	Zero new cases by 2027

SECTION 8: VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MATERNAL HEALTH - VIVA Q&A

Q1. When was JSY launched and what is its funding pattern? A: JSY was launched on 12 April 2005. It is a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme under NHM.

Q2. What is the cash incentive for JSY in rural Low Performing States? A: Mother's package: Rs. 1400 + ASHA's package: Rs. 600 = Total Rs. 2000 per institutional delivery.

Q3. Name the 10 Low Performing States under JSY. A: UP, Uttarakhand, MP, Jharkhand, Bihar, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Assam, J&K.

Q4. What is JSSK and when was it launched? A: JSSK (Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram) was launched on 1 June 2011. It provides absolutely free delivery (including C-section), free drugs, free diet, free diagnostics, free blood, and free transport to all pregnant women and sick newborns in public health institutions.

Q5. On which date does PMSMA camp happen? A: The 9th of every month (or nearest working day).

Q6. What does SUMAN stand for? When was it launched? A: SUMAN = Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan. Launched 10 October 2019. Goal: Zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths with assured, respectful, free care.

Q7. What does LaQshya mean and what are its two targets? A: LaQshya = Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative. Targets: Labour Rooms and Maternity OTs at district hospitals, CHCs, and medical colleges for quality certification (state and national level).

Q8. What are the three delays in MDSR? A: Delay 1 = recognition and decision to seek care; Delay 2 = reaching the facility; Delay 3 = receiving adequate care at facility.

Q9. What incentive does ASHA get for reporting a maternal death? A: Rs. 1000.

Q10. What is Dakshata training? A: Competency-based training of ANMs/nurses in skilled birth attendance - AMTSL, PPH management, eclampsia, newborn resuscitation. Distinct from LSAS (for MOs learning spinal anaesthesia for emergency C-section).

NEWBORN HEALTH - VIVA Q&A

Q11. What is the ASHA visit schedule for HBNC? A: Institutional delivery: 6 visits (Day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42). Home delivery: 7 visits (Day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42). ASHA gets Rs. 250 incentive for completing the schedule.

Q12. What is the difference between NBCC, NBSU, and SNCU? A: NBCC = Newborn Care Corner (at all delivery facilities, including PHC); NBSU = Newborn Stabilization Unit (4-bedded, at CHC/FRU); SNCU = Special Newborn Care Unit (12+ bedded, at District Hospital).

Q13. For what birth weight is KMC indicated? A: Stable LBW newborns weighing <2000 g. KMC reduces neonatal mortality in LBW babies by ~40%.

Q14. What does NSSK train health workers in? A: Basic newborn care and bag-mask resuscitation. 2-day training. Focus on the "first golden minute" after birth.

Q15. What are the NMR targets for India? A: Current NMR = 20.3 (SRS 2020). NHM target = <16; SDG target = <12 by 2030.

CHILD HEALTH - VIVA Q&A

Q16. When was UIP launched in India? A: 19 November 1985, dedicated to Smt. Indira Gandhi.

Q17. Name all vaccines under UIP at birth. A: BCG, OPV-0 (birth dose), Hepatitis B (birth dose).

Q18. When was Mission Indradhanush launched and what was its target? A: December 2014. Target: Fully immunise 90% of children by reaching unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children.

Q19. What are the 4 Ds in RBSK? A: Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies, Developmental Delays including Disabilities.

Q20. What is a Mobile Health Team (MHT) in RBSK? A: 2-member team (MO/AYUSH doctor + ANM/Paramedic); 2 per block; screens children at AWCs (0-5 years) and govt. schools (6-18 years).

Q21. What drug is given on National Deworming Day? A: Albendazole 400 mg (chewed) for 2-19 years; 200 mg (crushed/half tablet) for 1-2 years. Given on February 10 and August 10 every year.

Q22. What is the schedule for Vitamin A supplementation? A: First dose at 9-12 months (1 lakh IU / 1 ml); then every 6 months until 5 years (2 lakh IU / 2 ml). Total 9 doses.

Q23. What is IMI 3.0? A: Intensified Mission Indradhanush 3.0, launched February 2021, targeting focus states, tribal blocks, and NE states for catching up on immunization defaulters.

Q24. What is Poshan 2.0? A: Launched from 2021; merged ICDS, Poshan Abhiyaan and other nutrition schemes. Focus on first 1000 days; uses Poshan Tracker technology; Poshan Maah in September.

Q25. Name the 6x6x6 strategy of Anemia Mukt Bharat. A: 6 beneficiary groups x 6 interventions x 6 delivery platforms. Beneficiaries: children 6-59 months, 5-9 years, adolescents, pregnant women, WRA 15-49 years, lactating mothers.

ADOLESCENT HEALTH - VIVA Q&A

Q26. What does RKSK stand for and when was it launched? A: Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram, launched January 7, 2014. Target: 10-19 years.

Q27. What are the 6 themes of RKSK? A: Nutrition; Sexual and Reproductive Health; NCDs; Mental Health; Injuries and Violence; Substance Misuse.

Q28. What drug is given under WIFS? A: 100 mg elemental iron + 500 mcg folic acid, once weekly on a fixed day. Biannual albendazole deworming.

Q29. What is a Saathiya? A: A trained peer educator (adolescent) who delivers health messages to other adolescents. Part of RKSK's peer-led model.

FAMILY PLANNING - VIVA Q&A

Q30. India was the first country in the world to launch what? A: National Family Planning Programme (1952) - first country globally to launch a national FP programme.

Q31. What is PPIUCD and when can it be inserted? A: Post-Partum IUCD (CuT-380A) inserted within 48 hours of delivery (immediate = within 10 minutes of placenta delivery). Can also be done at C-section.

Q32. What are the MTP Act 2021 key changes? A: Gestation limit up to 20 weeks for most; up to 24 weeks for special categories (rape survivors, minors, change in marital status, disabled women, fetal anomaly); no upper limit with Medical Board approval for fetal anomaly; partner's consent NOT required.

Q33. What is compensation for death under FPIS? A: Rs. 2,00,000 for death within 30 days of sterilisation procedure.

Q34. What is Mission Parivar Vikas and which states does it target? A: Launched 2016; targets 146 high-focus districts in 7 high-TFR states (UP, Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Assam) with TFR >3.

TB AND LEPROSY - VIVA Q&A

Q35. What is India's TB elimination target year? A: India's national target = eliminate TB by 2025 (5 years ahead of SDG 2030 target).

Q36. What is Nikshay Poshan Yojana? A: Rs. 500/month nutritional support to ALL TB patients notified on Nikshay portal under NTEP.

Q37. What is the MDT regimen for Multibacillary Leprosy? A: Rifampicin 600 mg + Clofazimine 300 mg monthly (supervised) + Dapsone 100 mg + Clofazimine 50 mg daily for 12 months.

Q38. When did India achieve national leprosy elimination? A: 2005 (national PR <1/10,000). As of 2024-25, all 638 districts have achieved elimination level (PR <1/10,000).

Q39. What is ABSULS? A: ASHA Based Surveillance for Leprosy Suspects - ASHAs in low-endemic districts actively identify and refer suspected leprosy cases.

AYUSHMAN BHARAT - VIVA Q&A

Q40. What are the two components of Ayushman Bharat? A: (1) Health and Wellness Centres (now Ayushman Arogya Mandirs) for comprehensive primary healthcare; (2) AB-PMJAY for cashless secondary/tertiary hospitalisation up to Rs. 5 lakh/family/year.

Q41. Who heads the HWC at sub-health centre level? A: Community Health Officer (CHO) - BSc/GNM Nurse or AYUSH practitioner trained in 6-month Certificate Programme in Community Health.

Q42. How many families are covered under AB-PMJAY? A: ~10.74 crore families (~50 crore individuals) identified based on SECC 2011 data.

Q43. What is the Ayushman Vaya Vandana extension (2024)? A: All citizens aged 70 years and above are covered under AB-PMJAY regardless of income.

DEMOGRAPHIC/SRS - VIVA Q&A

Q44. What is India's current TFR (SRS 2020)? A: 2.0 (below replacement level of 2.1). India achieved replacement-level fertility.

Q45. What is India's current MMR? A: 97 per 1 lakh live births (SRS 2018-20). NHM target: <100; SDG target: <70.

Q46. What is the status of Census 2021? A: Census 2021 is PENDING as of June 2026. It was postponed due to COVID-19. The last completed census is Census 2011. NFHS-5 (2019-21) is used as interim data source.

Q47. What is the child sex ratio from NFHS-5? A: 919 females per 1000 males (0-5 years) - NFHS-5 (2019-21). Census 2011 had 919 per 1000 for 0-6 years.

Q48. What is the IMR of India as per SRS 2020? A: 35.2 per 1000 live births (Rural 40.8; Urban 23.6).

HIGH RISK PREGNANCY - VIVA Q&A

Q49. Name at least 5 high-risk factors in pregnancy. A: Previous C-section, Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, Gestational diabetes, Severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dL), Multiple pregnancy, Age <18 or >35, Grand multiparity, Previous stillbirth, HIV.

Q50. At which level is the Medical Officer responsible for HRP identification? A: At PHC level - the MO conducts ANC, identifies HRP using risk criteria, refers to CHC/FRU with OBGYN. ASHA identifies through risk checklists and refers to ANM/PHC.

MISCELLANEOUS HIGH-VALUE VIVA QUESTIONS

Q51. What is the role of Medical Officer at PHC under NHM? A: Conduct OPD and IPD; perform normal deliveries; supervise HBNC/JSY/JSSK/PMSMA; manage cold chain; supervise UIP sessions; diagnose and treat TB/leprosy; coordinate RBSK MHT; generate HMIS reports; supervise ASHA/ANM activities; manage medical emergencies; conduct VHSNC meetings.

Q52. What is VHSNC? A: Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee - at every village. Chaired by the Anganwadi Worker. Members: ASHA, ANM, ward member, SHG member. Untied fund: Rs. 10,000/year. Prepares Village Health Plan.

Q53. What is the "3 before 5" ANC principle? A: Every pregnant woman should receive at least 3 antenatal visits before 5 months of pregnancy (First ANC in 1st trimester preferably, minimum 4 ANCs total recommended by WHO/GOI).

Q54. What is the difference between BEmONC and CEmONC? A: BEmONC (Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care) = 7 signal functions (antibiotics, oxytocics, anticonvulsants, manual removal of placenta, removal of retained products, assisted vaginal delivery, newborn resuscitation) - at PHC/24x7 facility. CEmONC (Comprehensive EmONC) = BEmONC + blood transfusion + C-section - at CHC/FRU/DH.

Q55. Name the 5 components of Daksha/Dakshata training focus. A: AMTSL, PPH management (oxytocin use), MgSO4 for eclampsia, newborn resuscitation, infection prevention.

Source: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (26th Ed.), NHM official guidelines, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare programme documents, NLEP 2024-25 data, WHO/UNICEF India reports. Current as of June 2026.

Best of luck for your GPSC Medical Officer interview! This guide covers every programme with launch dates, funding, facility-level operations, ASHA/ANM/MO roles, targets, and interview-ready viva Q&A. Print Section 8 (Viva Questions) separately for quick revision the night before.

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GPSC Medical Officer Health Programmes Guide

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What's included in the document (35 KB, fully formatted):

Professional title page with programme name and compilation details
8 colour-coded sections with blue section dividers
All programmes covered with formatted tables for Launch Date, Funding, Phase, Targets, and Roles
Vaccine schedules, cash incentive tables, MDT regimen tables, SRS data tables - all in formatted tables with alternating row shading
Colour-coded headings (Heading 1 / 2 / 3 hierarchy)
Section 8 - 55 Viva Q&A in bold-question + indented-answer format, colour-highlighted
Header on every page: "GPSC Medical Officer Interview Guide"
Footer with page numbers on every page
1-inch margins with professional layout

The document opens in Microsoft Word, LibreOffice Writer, or Google Docs. All best wishes for your GPSC interview!

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GPSC All Programmes Comparison Table

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11 columns for every programme:

#	Column
1	Programme Name
2	Launch Year
3	Funding
4	Target Population
5	Core Objective
6	ASHA Role
7	ANM Role
8	Medical Officer Role
9	Sub-centre Level
10	PHC Level
11	CHC / DH Level

All 40+ programmes covered in 6 colour-coded section groups:

🟢 Maternal Health (7 programmes) - Green
🔵 Newborn Health (5 programmes) - Blue
🟠 Child Health (11 programmes) - Orange
🟡 Adolescent Health (6 programmes) - Lime
🟡 Family Planning (5 programmes) - Yellow
🟣 Other (TB, Leprosy, Ayushman Bharat, Census, SRS, HRP) - Purple

The document is in A3 Landscape orientation so the wide table fits properly. Open in Word/LibreOffice and print as A3 or scale-to-fit on A4. Best for revision as a single-page wall chart!

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