synapse structure neurotransmitter release diagram

neuromuscular junction action potential calcium vesicle exocytosis

types of neurotransmitter receptors ionotropic metabotropic GPCR

mkdir -p /home/daytona/workspace/synapses-ppt && ls /home/daytona/workspace/

~/synapses-ppt/build.js

const pptxgen = require("pptxgenjs");
const { execSync } = require("child_process");

// ── Color palette (deep neural blue theme) ──────────────────────────────────
const C = {
  bg:       "0D1B2A",   // very dark navy
  bgAlt:    "112233",   // slightly lighter navy
  card:     "162944",   // card bg
  accent1:  "00C9FF",   // cyan/electric blue
  accent2:  "5EF08B",   // neon green
  accent3:  "FF6B6B",   // coral red
  accent4:  "FFD166",   // golden yellow
  white:    "FFFFFF",
  dim:      "A8B8CC",   // muted text
  divider:  "1E3A5F",
};

// ── Helper: fetch images as base64 ──────────────────────────────────────────
function fetchImages(urls) {
  const result = JSON.parse(
    execSync(
      `node /home/daytona/skills/shared/scripts/fetch_images.js ${urls.map(u => `"${u}"`).join(" ")}`,
      { timeout: 60000 }
    ).toString()
  );
  return result;
}

// ── Fetch all images ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
console.log("Fetching images...");
const imageUrls = [
  // Chemical synapse diagram (Guyton)
  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/02d51cd5433e3d8ef65b099b45f61dc0fbc1b873b22c8d59c3b62134a395c5c1.png",
  // Electrical synapse diagram (Guyton)
  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/3cba5399f99a83a39d5b46fe2f71d1a1d5748b93b5dd1886b25f8b55a5dbfcca.png",
  // Neuromuscular junction / SNARE proteins (Harrison's)
  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/HARRISON_1763032040735_59abb461-0774-4953-b337-f7f815e726ff.png",
  // Synaptic architecture / ASD-related proteins (Harrison's)
  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/HARRISON_1763034773880_73b13bc1-052b-4f42-b604-ad937a5d8ded.png",
  // EPSP/IPSP postsynaptic potentials graph
  "https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/b9e4202b7690833ce6183b1d3b86e140bfae03bd11b5003bd664304bfe7bca01.png",
];

let imgs = [];
try {
  imgs = fetchImages(imageUrls);
  console.log("Images fetched:", imgs.map((i,idx) => `[${idx}] ${i.error ? "ERROR: "+i.error : "OK"}`).join(", "));
} catch(e) {
  console.error("Image fetch failed:", e.message);
  imgs = imageUrls.map(() => ({ base64: null, error: "fetch failed" }));
}

function imgData(idx) {
  return imgs[idx] && !imgs[idx].error ? imgs[idx].base64 : null;
}

// ── Initialize presentation ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
let pres = new pptxgen();
pres.layout = "LAYOUT_16x9";
pres.title = "Synapses – Advanced Medical Neuroscience";
pres.author = "Medical Neuroscience Lecture";
pres.subject = "Synapse Structure, Function & Clinical Relevance";

// ── Utility: add slide background ───────────────────────────────────────────
function addBg(slide, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {
    x: 0, y: 0, w: 10, h: 5.625,
    fill: { color: color || C.bg },
    line: { type: "none" }
  });
}

function addAccentBar(slide, y, color, h) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {
    x: 0, y: y, w: 10, h: h || 0.06,
    fill: { color: color || C.accent1 },
    line: { type: "none" }
  });
}

function addSlideBadge(slide, label, x, y, color) {
  slide.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
    x, y, w: 1.5, h: 0.3,
    fill: { color: color || C.accent1 },
    line: { type: "none" },
    rectRadius: 0.08
  });
  slide.addText(label.toUpperCase(), {
    x, y, w: 1.5, h: 0.3,
    fontSize: 7, bold: true, color: C.bg,
    align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0
  });
}

function sectionTag(slide, text, color) {
  addSlideBadge(slide, text, 8.2, 0.18, color || C.accent1);
}

// ── SLIDE 1: Title ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  // Top accent band
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {
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    fill: { color: C.accent1 },
    line: { type: "none" }
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  // Subtle grid lines for decoration
  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.line, {
      x: i * 1.8, y: 0, w: 0, h: 1.1,
      line: { color: C.bgAlt, width: 0.5 }
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  }
  // Title
  s.addText("SYNAPSES", {
    x: 0.5, y: 1.3, w: 9, h: 1.5,
    fontSize: 60, bold: true, color: C.white,
    align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  s.addText("Structure • Physiology • Pharmacology • Clinical Relevance", {
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    fontSize: 16, color: C.accent1,
    align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
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  addAccentBar(s, 3.55, C.divider, 0.03);
  s.addText("Advanced Neuroscience  |  Medical & Nursing Students", {
    x: 0.5, y: 3.75, w: 9, h: 0.4,
    fontSize: 13, color: C.dim,
    align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  // Brain icon text
  s.addText("🧠", { x: 4.6, y: 4.3, w: 0.8, h: 0.6, fontSize: 32, align: "center" });
}

// ── SLIDE 2: Agenda ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
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  addBg(s);
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  s.addText("CONTENTS", {
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    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.accent1, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.88, C.divider, 0.03);

  const topics = [
    ["01", "Definition & Overview of Synapses", C.accent1],
    ["02", "Types of Synapses: Chemical vs Electrical", C.accent2],
    ["03", "Structure of the Chemical Synapse", C.accent4],
    ["04", "Synaptic Transmission – Step by Step", C.accent1],
    ["05", "SNARE Proteins & Vesicle Exocytosis", C.accent3],
    ["06", "Postsynaptic Potentials: EPSP & IPSP", C.accent2],
    ["07", "Neurotransmitters & Receptors", C.accent4],
    ["08", "Synaptic Plasticity (LTP & LTD)", C.accent1],
    ["09", "Clinical Relevance & Pharmacology", C.accent3],
  ];

  const col1 = topics.slice(0, 5);
  const col2 = topics.slice(5);

  col1.forEach(([num, title, col], i) => {
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  col2.forEach(([num, title, col], i) => {
    const y = 1.1 + i * 0.76;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 5.2, y, w: 0.45, h: 0.45, fill: { color: col }, line: { type: "none" } });
    s.addText(num, { x: 5.2, y, w: 0.45, h: 0.45, fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(title, { x: 5.75, y: y + 0.02, w: 3.9, h: 0.42, fontSize: 13, color: C.white, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 3: Definition ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent1, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Overview", C.accent1);

  s.addText("What is a Synapse?", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 7.5, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 28, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Definition card
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
    x: 0.4, y: 1.05, w: 9.2, h: 1.25,
    fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent1, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.12
  });
  s.addText([
    { text: "Definition: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent1 } },
    { text: "A synapse is a specialized junctional contact through which one neuron communicates with another neuron, or with an effector cell (muscle or gland). It has two sides — the ", options: { color: C.white } },
    { text: "presynaptic", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent2 } },
    { text: " terminal and the ", options: { color: C.white } },
    { text: "postsynaptic", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent3 } },
    { text: " membrane — separated by the synaptic cleft (~200–300 Å wide).", options: { color: C.white } },
  ], { x: 0.6, y: 1.1, w: 8.8, h: 1.15, fontSize: 14, valign: "middle", fontFace: "Calibri" });

  // Key facts in cards
  const facts = [
    ["10,000–200,000", "presynaptic terminals per motor neuron"],
    ["0.5 ms", "synaptic delay (AP to postsynaptic response)"],
    ["200–300 Å", "width of the synaptic cleft"],
    ["One-way", "information flow in chemical synapses"],
  ];
  facts.forEach(([val, label], i) => {
    const x = 0.3 + i * 2.38;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x, y: 2.55, w: 2.2, h: 1.5,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.divider, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addText(val, { x, y: 2.65, w: 2.2, h: 0.65, fontSize: 19, bold: true, color: C.accent1, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(label, { x, y: 3.3, w: 2.2, h: 0.6, fontSize: 11, color: C.dim, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri" });
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  s.addText("Source: Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology; Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 5th Ed.", {
    x: 0.5, y: 5.2, w: 9, h: 0.3, fontSize: 8, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 4: Types of Synapses ───────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent2, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Types", C.accent2);

  s.addText("Chemical vs. Electrical Synapses", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 7.5, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Two panels
  const panels = [
    {
      title: "Chemical Synapse",
      color: C.accent1,
      imgIdx: 0,
      points: [
        "Presynaptic terminal + synaptic cleft + postsynaptic membrane",
        "Neurotransmitter stored in synaptic vesicles",
        "Unidirectional signal transmission",
        "Synaptic delay ~0.5 ms",
        "Most synapses in the brain are chemical",
        "Target: ionotropic or metabotropic receptors",
      ]
    },
    {
      title: "Electrical Synapse",
      color: C.accent2,
      imgIdx: 1,
      points: [
        "Connected by gap junctions (connexin proteins)",
        "Bidirectional signal transmission",
        "No synaptic delay — nearly instantaneous",
        "Allows synchronous firing of neuron groups",
        "Important in hypothalamic hormone-secreting neurons",
        "Less amenable to pharmacological modulation",
      ]
    }
  ];

  panels.forEach((p, pi) => {
    const x = pi === 0 ? 0.25 : 5.15;
    const w = 4.6;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x, y: 1.0, w, h: 4.45,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: p.color, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    // Header
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x, y: 1.0, w, h: 0.45,
      fill: { color: p.color }, line: { type: "none" }, rectRadius: 0.05
    });
    s.addText(p.title, {
      x, y: 1.0, w, h: 0.45,
      fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri"
    });
    // Image
    const imgD = imgData(p.imgIdx);
    if (imgD) {
      s.addImage({ data: imgD, x: x + 0.2, y: 1.52, w: w - 0.4, h: 1.3, sizing: { type: "contain", w: w - 0.4, h: 1.3 } });
    }
    // Bullets
    p.points.forEach((pt, bi) => {
      s.addText([
        { text: "▸ ", options: { color: p.color, bold: true } },
        { text: pt, options: { color: C.white } }
      ], { x: x + 0.15, y: 2.9 + bi * 0.41, w: w - 0.3, h: 0.38, fontSize: 11, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 5: Chemical Synapse Structure ──────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent4, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Structure", C.accent4);

  s.addText("Anatomy of the Chemical Synapse", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 7.5, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Left: diagram
  const imgD = imgData(0);
  if (imgD) {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 0.25, y: 1.0, w: 4.7, h: 4.4,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent4, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addImage({ data: imgD, x: 0.4, y: 1.1, w: 4.4, h: 3.3, sizing: { type: "contain", w: 4.4, h: 3.3 } });
    s.addText("Fig. Chemical synapse anatomy — Guyton & Hall", {
      x: 0.4, y: 4.35, w: 4.4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 8, color: C.dim, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
    });
  }

  // Right: labelled components
  const components = [
    ["Presynaptic Terminal", "Axon bouton containing vesicles & mitochondria", C.accent1],
    ["Synaptic Vesicles", "Storage organelles for neurotransmitter molecules", C.accent4],
    ["Mitochondria", "Provide ATP for NT synthesis & active transport", C.accent2],
    ["Synaptic Cleft", "Gap of 200–300 Å between membranes", C.accent3],
    ["Postsynaptic Membrane", "Contains ionotropic or metabotropic receptors", C.accent1],
    ["Active Zones", "Docking sites on presynaptic membrane with Ca²⁺ channels", C.accent2],
  ];
  components.forEach(([name, desc, col], i) => {
    const y = 1.0 + i * 0.74;
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, {
      x: 5.15, y, w: 0.08, h: 0.5,
      fill: { color: col }, line: { type: "none" }
    });
    s.addText(name, { x: 5.3, y, w: 4.4, h: 0.28, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(desc, { x: 5.3, y: y + 0.28, w: 4.4, h: 0.35, fontSize: 10, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 6: Synaptic Transmission Steps ─────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent1, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Transmission", C.accent1);

  s.addText("Synaptic Transmission — Step by Step", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  const steps = [
    ["1", "Action Potential Arrival", "AP travels down the presynaptic axon and reaches the terminal bouton", C.accent1],
    ["2", "Voltage-Gated Ca²⁺ Channels Open", "Depolarization opens Ca²⁺ channels in active zones of presynaptic membrane", C.accent4],
    ["3", "Ca²⁺ Influx Triggers Exocytosis", "Ca²⁺ binds synaptotagmin → trans-SNARE complex forms → vesicle fusion", C.accent2],
    ["4", "Neurotransmitter Release", "NT molecules flood the synaptic cleft (~200–300 Å gap)", C.accent3],
    ["5", "Receptor Binding", "NT binds postsynaptic receptors → ion channel gating or 2nd messenger activation", C.accent1],
    ["6", "Termination", "NT removed by: reuptake, enzymatic degradation (e.g. AChE), or diffusion", C.accent4],
  ];

  steps.forEach(([num, title, desc, col], i) => {
    const col2 = i < 3 ? 0.3 : 5.2;
    const row = i < 3 ? i : i - 3;
    const y = 1.0 + row * 1.45;
    const w = 4.5;

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      x: col2, y, w, h: 1.3,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: col, width: 1.2 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    // Number badge
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.ellipse, {
      x: col2 + 0.15, y: y + 0.35, w: 0.55, h: 0.55,
      fill: { color: col }, line: { type: "none" }
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    s.addText(num, {
      x: col2 + 0.15, y: y + 0.35, w: 0.55, h: 0.55,
      fontSize: 15, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri"
    });
    s.addText(title, { x: col2 + 0.82, y: y + 0.12, w: w - 1.0, h: 0.4, fontSize: 12, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(desc, { x: col2 + 0.82, y: y + 0.52, w: w - 1.0, h: 0.65, fontSize: 10.5, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 7: SNARE Proteins ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent3, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "SNARE / Vesicles", C.accent3);

  s.addText("SNARE Proteins & Vesicle Exocytosis", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 7.5, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Image
  const imgD = imgData(2);
  if (imgD) {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 5.2, y: 0.98, w: 4.55, h: 4.4,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent3, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addImage({ data: imgD, x: 5.35, y: 1.1, w: 4.25, h: 3.3, sizing: { type: "contain", w: 4.25, h: 3.3 } });
    s.addText("SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion at NMJ — Harrison's Internal Medicine", {
      x: 5.3, y: 4.35, w: 4.4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 7.5, color: C.dim, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
    });
  }

  // SNARE proteins detail
  const snares = [
    ["Synaptobrevin (v-SNARE)", "Vesicle-bound; binds t-SNAREs on terminal membrane", C.accent1],
    ["Syntaxin (t-SNARE)", "Target membrane protein; anchors vesicle to active zone", C.accent4],
    ["SNAP-25 (t-SNARE)", "Second target-SNARE; completes the trans-SNARE complex", C.accent2],
    ["Synaptotagmin", "Ca²⁺ sensor protein; triggers fusion upon Ca²⁺ binding", C.accent3],
  ];

  s.addText("The SNARE Complex", { x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 4.7, h: 0.4, fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.accent3, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  snares.forEach(([name, desc, col], i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 0.3, y: 1.5 + i * 0.82, w: 4.65, h: 0.7,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: col, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.08
    });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 0.3, y: 1.5 + i * 0.82, w: 0.08, h: 0.7, fill: { color: col }, line: { type: "none" } });
    s.addText(name, { x: 0.5, y: 1.52 + i * 0.82, w: 4.3, h: 0.28, fontSize: 11.5, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(desc, { x: 0.5, y: 1.8 + i * 0.82, w: 4.3, h: 0.3, fontSize: 10, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });

  // Clinical note: botulinum toxin
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
    x: 0.3, y: 4.78, w: 4.65, h: 0.65,
    fill: { color: "2A0A0A" }, line: { color: C.accent3, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.08
  });
  s.addText([
    { text: "⚠ Clinical Pearl: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent3 } },
    { text: "Botulinum toxin cleaves SNARE proteins (SNAP-25, synaptobrevin, syntaxin), blocking NT release at the NMJ → flaccid paralysis.", options: { color: C.white } }
  ], { x: 0.45, y: 4.82, w: 4.35, h: 0.56, fontSize: 10.5, fontFace: "Calibri" });
}

// ── SLIDE 8: EPSP & IPSP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent2, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Potentials", C.accent2);

  s.addText("Postsynaptic Potentials: EPSP & IPSP", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Graph image
  const imgD = imgData(4);
  if (imgD) {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 0.3, y: 0.98, w: 4.6, h: 4.45,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent2, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addImage({ data: imgD, x: 0.45, y: 1.1, w: 4.3, h: 3.2, sizing: { type: "contain", w: 4.3, h: 3.2 } });
    s.addText("EPSP/IPSP generation & summation — Katzung's Pharmacology 16e", {
      x: 0.4, y: 4.35, w: 4.5, h: 0.3, fontSize: 7.5, color: C.dim, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
    });
  }

  // Right: explanation
  const items = [
    {
      title: "EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)",
      color: C.accent1,
      points: [
        "Caused by influx of Na⁺ (or Ca²⁺) → membrane depolarization",
        "Ionotropic receptors: direct channel opening",
        "Spatial summation: multiple EPSPs add up",
        "Temporal summation: rapid successive EPSPs sum",
        "If membrane reaches threshold → Action Potential fires"
      ]
    },
    {
      title: "IPSP (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential)",
      color: C.accent3,
      points: [
        "Caused by K⁺ efflux or Cl⁻ influx → hyperpolarization",
        "Mediated by GABA (via Cl⁻ channels) or glycine",
        "Moves membrane potential away from threshold",
        "Prevents action potential generation",
        "IPSP can counteract a suprathreshold excitatory stimulus"
      ]
    }
  ];

  let ry = 1.0;
  items.forEach(item => {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 5.15, y: ry, w: 4.6, h: 0.38,
      fill: { color: item.color }, line: { type: "none" }, rectRadius: 0.06
    });
    s.addText(item.title, {
      x: 5.15, y: ry, w: 4.6, h: 0.38,
      fontSize: 11, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri"
    });
    ry += 0.42;
    item.points.forEach(pt => {
      s.addText([
        { text: "• ", options: { color: item.color, bold: true } },
        { text: pt, options: { color: C.white } }
      ], { x: 5.3, y: ry, w: 4.3, h: 0.36, fontSize: 10.5, fontFace: "Calibri" });
      ry += 0.38;
    });
    ry += 0.1;
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 9: Neurotransmitters & Receptors ───────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent4, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "NT & Receptors", C.accent4);

  s.addText("Neurotransmitters & Receptor Types", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Receptor type comparison: ionotropic vs metabotropic
  const receptorCols = [
    {
      label: "Ionotropic Receptors",
      subtitle: "(Ligand-Gated Ion Channels)",
      color: C.accent1,
      items: [
        "Direct ion channel opening on ligand binding",
        "Fast response (ms timescale)",
        "Examples: AMPA, NMDA, GABA_A, nAChR, GlyR",
        "Ion flux: Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, or Cl⁻",
        "Involved in: EPSP (cations) and IPSP (Cl⁻)",
        "Pharmacology: benzodiazepines (GABA_A allosteric modulator)"
      ]
    },
    {
      label: "Metabotropic Receptors",
      subtitle: "(G-Protein Coupled Receptors)",
      color: C.accent4,
      items: [
        "Indirect — activate G proteins & 2nd messengers",
        "Slow response (seconds to minutes)",
        "Examples: mGluR, GABA_B, mAChR, dopamine, serotonin",
        "2nd messengers: cAMP, IP3/DAG, Ca²⁺",
        "Modulate neuronal excitability & gene expression",
        "Pharmacology: opioids, antipsychotics, antidepressants"
      ]
    }
  ];

  receptorCols.forEach((rc, i) => {
    const x = i === 0 ? 0.25 : 5.15;
    const w = 4.6;
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      x, y: 1.0, w, h: 4.45,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: rc.color, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, { x, y: 1.0, w, h: 0.7, fill: { color: rc.color }, line: { type: "none" }, rectRadius: 0.05 });
    s.addText(rc.label, { x, y: 1.02, w, h: 0.38, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(rc.subtitle, { x, y: 1.38, w, h: 0.28, fontSize: 10, color: C.bg, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true });
    rc.items.forEach((item, bi) => {
      s.addText([
        { text: "▸ ", options: { color: rc.color, bold: true } },
        { text: item, options: { color: C.white } }
      ], { x: x + 0.15, y: 1.76 + bi * 0.44, w: w - 0.3, h: 0.42, fontSize: 11, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    });
  });

  // Key NTs table at bottom
  s.addText("Key Neurotransmitters: Glutamate (excitatory, most common CNS) • GABA (inhibitory, most common CNS) • Acetylcholine (NMJ, autonomic) • Dopamine • Serotonin • Norepinephrine", {
    x: 0.3, y: 5.15, w: 9.4, h: 0.35, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 10: Synaptic Plasticity ────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent1, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Plasticity", C.accent1);

  s.addText("Synaptic Plasticity: LTP & LTD", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // LTP card
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
    x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 4.45,
    fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent2, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.1
  });
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, { x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 0.42, fill: { color: C.accent2 }, line: { type: "none" }, rectRadius: 0.05 });
  s.addText("Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)", { x: 0.3, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 0.42, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  const ltpPoints = [
    "Sustained increase in synaptic strength",
    "Induced by high-frequency stimulation of glutamate synapses",
    "Requires NMDA receptor activation (coincidence detector)",
    "NMDA receptor needs: glutamate binding + Mg²⁺ block removal (depolarization)",
    "Ca²⁺ entry via NMDA → activates CaMKII → AMPA receptor phosphorylation",
    "Additional AMPA receptors inserted into postsynaptic membrane",
    "Basis of memory formation and learning (Hebb's rule)",
  ];
  ltpPoints.forEach((pt, i) => {
    s.addText([
      { text: "● ", options: { color: C.accent2, bold: true } },
      { text: pt, options: { color: C.white } }
    ], { x: 0.45, y: 1.5 + i * 0.42, w: 4.3, h: 0.4, fontSize: 10.5, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });

  // LTD card
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
    x: 5.1, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 4.45,
    fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent3, width: 1.5 }, rectRadius: 0.1
  });
  s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, { x: 5.1, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 0.42, fill: { color: C.accent3 }, line: { type: "none" }, rectRadius: 0.05 });
  s.addText("Long-Term Depression (LTD)", { x: 5.1, y: 1.0, w: 4.6, h: 0.42, fontSize: 13, bold: true, color: C.bg, align: "center", valign: "middle", margin: 0, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  const ltdPoints = [
    "Sustained decrease in synaptic efficacy",
    "Induced by low-frequency prolonged stimulation",
    "Requires NMDA receptor activation (moderate Ca²⁺ rise)",
    "Activates phosphatases (PP1, calcineurin) → AMPA receptor dephosphorylation",
    "AMPA receptors endocytosed from postsynaptic membrane",
    "Counterbalances LTP → prevents saturation of synapses",
    "Involved in motor learning (cerebellum) and fear extinction",
  ];
  ltdPoints.forEach((pt, i) => {
    s.addText([
      { text: "● ", options: { color: C.accent3, bold: true } },
      { text: pt, options: { color: C.white } }
    ], { x: 5.25, y: 1.5 + i * 0.42, w: 4.3, h: 0.4, fontSize: 10.5, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 11: Clinical Relevance ─────────────────────────────────────────────
{
  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent3, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Clinical", C.accent3);

  s.addText("Clinical Relevance & Pharmacology", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  const clinicalItems = [
    {
      condition: "Myasthenia Gravis",
      mechanism: "Autoantibodies against nAChR at NMJ → reduced EPSP amplitude → fatigable weakness",
      drug: "Pyridostigmine (AChE inhibitor) — extends ACh dwell time in cleft",
      color: C.accent3,
    },
    {
      condition: "Alzheimer's Disease",
      mechanism: "Loss of cholinergic synapses in hippocampus & cortex; Aβ plaques disrupt synaptic function",
      drug: "Donepezil, rivastigmine (AChE inhibitors); memantine (NMDA antagonist)",
      color: C.accent1,
    },
    {
      condition: "Parkinson's Disease",
      mechanism: "Loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra → reduced DA at striatal synapses",
      drug: "Levodopa/carbidopa; dopamine agonists (pramipexole); MAO-B inhibitors",
      color: C.accent4,
    },
    {
      condition: "Epilepsy",
      mechanism: "Imbalance of excitatory (glutamate) vs inhibitory (GABA) synaptic activity",
      drug: "Benzodiazepines & barbiturates (GABA_A potentiation); phenytoin (Na⁺ channel block)",
      color: C.accent2,
    },
    {
      condition: "Depression / Anxiety",
      mechanism: "Reduced serotonergic & noradrenergic synaptic transmission",
      drug: "SSRIs (block serotonin reuptake); SNRIs; TCAs; MAOIs",
      color: C.accent4,
    },
    {
      condition: "Botulism / Tetanus",
      mechanism: "Botulinum toxin cleaves SNAREs → blocks ACh release. Tetanospasmin blocks GABA/glycine release",
      drug: "Antitoxin; supportive care; mechanical ventilation",
      color: C.accent3,
    },
  ];

  const colW = 4.55;
  clinicalItems.forEach((item, i) => {
    const col = i < 3 ? 0 : 1;
    const row = i % 3;
    const x = col === 0 ? 0.25 : 5.1;
    const y = 1.02 + row * 1.5;

    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x, y, w: colW, h: 1.38,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: item.color, width: 1.2 }, rectRadius: 0.08
    });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x, y, w: 0.08, h: 1.38, fill: { color: item.color }, line: { type: "none" } });
    s.addText(item.condition, { x: x + 0.18, y: y + 0.05, w: colW - 0.25, h: 0.3, fontSize: 12.5, bold: true, color: item.color, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(item.mechanism, { x: x + 0.18, y: y + 0.35, w: colW - 0.25, h: 0.5, fontSize: 9.5, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText([
      { text: "Rx: ", options: { bold: true, color: C.accent2 } },
      { text: item.drug, options: { color: C.white } }
    ], { x: x + 0.18, y: y + 0.88, w: colW - 0.25, h: 0.42, fontSize: 9.5, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 12: Synaptic Architecture & ASD ────────────────────────────────────
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  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent4, 0.08);
  sectionTag(s, "Molecular", C.accent4);

  s.addText("Molecular Architecture of the Synapse", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 8, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 26, bold: true, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  // Big image
  const imgD = imgData(3);
  if (imgD) {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 0.3, y: 0.98, w: 5.5, h: 4.45,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: C.accent4, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.1
    });
    s.addImage({ data: imgD, x: 0.45, y: 1.1, w: 5.2, h: 3.3, sizing: { type: "contain", w: 5.2, h: 3.3 } });
    s.addText("Synaptic protein architecture linked to neurodevelopmental disorders — Harrison's Internal Medicine", {
      x: 0.4, y: 4.35, w: 5.4, h: 0.3, fontSize: 7.5, color: C.dim, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri", italic: true
    });
  }

  // Right: key proteins
  s.addText("Key Synaptic Proteins", { x: 6.1, y: 1.0, w: 3.6, h: 0.38, fontSize: 14, bold: true, color: C.accent4, fontFace: "Calibri" });

  const proteins = [
    ["Neuroligin / Neurexin", "Trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules; mutations linked to autism & schizophrenia", C.accent1],
    ["PSD-95", "Major scaffolding protein of the post-synaptic density; anchors NMDA receptors", C.accent4],
    ["Shank / Homer", "Scaffolding proteins linking mGluR to PSD-95; SHANK3 mutations → Phelan-McDermid syndrome", C.accent2],
    ["VGLUT / VGAT", "Vesicular glutamate / GABA transporters; fill vesicles with NT prior to release", C.accent3],
    ["NRXN1 / CNTNAP2", "Neurexin superfamily; critical for synapse development; ASD risk genes", C.accent1],
  ];
  proteins.forEach(([name, desc, col], i) => {
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.roundRect, {
      x: 6.05, y: 1.48 + i * 0.75, w: 3.7, h: 0.68,
      fill: { color: C.card }, line: { color: col, width: 1 }, rectRadius: 0.07
    });
    s.addShape(pres.ShapeType.rect, { x: 6.05, y: 1.48 + i * 0.75, w: 0.07, h: 0.68, fill: { color: col }, line: { type: "none" } });
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    s.addText(desc, { x: 6.18, y: 1.76 + i * 0.75, w: 3.5, h: 0.35, fontSize: 9, color: C.dim, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── SLIDE 13: Summary ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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  let s = pres.addSlide();
  addBg(s);
  addAccentBar(s, 0, C.accent1, 0.08);

  s.addText("Key Takeaways", {
    x: 0.5, y: 0.2, w: 9, h: 0.65,
    fontSize: 28, bold: true, color: C.accent1, align: "center", fontFace: "Calibri"
  });
  addAccentBar(s, 0.9, C.divider, 0.03);

  const takeaways = [
    ["Synapses", "Specialized junctions enabling directed, one-way (chemical) or bidirectional (electrical) neurotransmission", C.accent1],
    ["Chemical Transmission", "Electrical → Chemical → Electrical: AP triggers Ca²⁺ influx → SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion → NT release → postsynaptic receptor activation", C.accent4],
    ["EPSP vs IPSP", "EPSPs (Na⁺/Ca²⁺ influx, depolarization) and IPSPs (Cl⁻ influx or K⁺ efflux, hyperpolarization) sum spatially and temporally to determine whether an action potential fires", C.accent2],
    ["Receptor Types", "Ionotropic (fast, direct ion gating) vs metabotropic (slow, G-protein/2nd messenger) — critical pharmacology targets", C.accent4],
    ["LTP/LTD", "NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity underlies learning, memory, and addiction; LTP = potentiation, LTD = depression of synaptic strength", C.accent1],
    ["Clinical Relevance", "Synaptic dysfunction underlies MG, AD, PD, epilepsy, depression & other disorders — most CNS drugs target synaptic components", C.accent3],
  ];

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    const x = i < 3 ? 0.3 : 5.15;
    const y = 1.05 + (i % 3) * 1.45;
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    s.addText(title, { x: x + 0.15, y: y + 0.06, w: 4.3, h: 0.35, fontSize: 12.5, bold: true, color: col, fontFace: "Calibri" });
    s.addText(body, { x: x + 0.15, y: y + 0.42, w: 4.3, h: 0.85, fontSize: 10, color: C.white, fontFace: "Calibri" });
  });
}

// ── Write file ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const outPath = "/home/daytona/workspace/synapses-ppt/Synapses_Medical_Presentation.pptx";
pres.writeFile({ fileName: outPath }).then(() => {
  console.log("SUCCESS: " + outPath);
}).catch(err => {
  console.error("FAILED:", err);
  process.exit(1);
});

cd /home/daytona/workspace/synapses-ppt && node build.js 2>&1