MLR (Medicolegal Report) - Complete Format for MBBS FMT Topper

Based on: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology (36th ed., 2026), Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, and P.C. Dikshit's Textbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

DEFINITION

• It is divided into two parts:
  • Part I - Observations and findings
  • Part II - Opinion and conclusion

LEGAL IMPORTANCE

• It is a piece of documentary evidence admissible in court
• The doctor who prepared it must attend court to testify under oath; only then is it accepted as evidence
• If the doctor is unavailable, someone else may testify to the signature and handwriting
• Opinion must not be biased as it is subject to cross-examination
• Negative findings must also be mentioned
• If a female is to be examined, examination must be done by a female RMP (Section 53(2) CrPC); if unavailable, a female attendant must be present and her signature taken

COMPLETE FORMAT OF MLR (WOUND CERTIFICATE)

HEADER BLOCK

MEDICOLEGAL REPORT / WOUND CERTIFICATE

To,
The Sub-Inspector of Police, _____________ Police Station

Sir,
I forward herewith the result of my examination of:

Name         : ____________________________
Age/Sex      : ______ years / Male / Female
Father's/Guardian's Name : ____________________________
Address      : ____________________________

SECTION 1 - PRELIMINARY PARTICULARS

SECTION 2 - GENERAL EXAMINATION

• General condition: Conscious / unconscious / in shock / coma
• Vitals: BP _____ mmHg, Pulse _____ /min, Respiration _____ /min, Temperature _____
• Any bleeding from: ears / nostrils / mouth
• Any paralysis noted
• Examination of clothing: cuts, tears, burns, stains (do they correspond to body injuries?)

SECTION 3 - WOUND CERTIFICATE TABLE (MAIN SECTION)

SECTION 4 - ENTRIES IN THE WOUND CERTIFICATE (Detailed Criteria)

1. Type of injury - abrasion, contusion, lacerated wound, incised wound, stab wound, burn, fracture, dislocation, etc. (even insignificant injuries must be noted; group multiple injuries by kind/severity)
2. Size - length x breadth x depth in cm/mm (use a scale for accuracy)
3. Shape - linear, oval, circular, irregular
4. Margins - regular/irregular, clean-cut/ragged, undermined, inverted/everted
5. Edges and floor - for deeper wounds
6. Site and position - with exact reference to anatomical landmarks (e.g., "3 cm above the medial malleolus on the right leg")
7. Surrounding area - swelling, redness, bruising around the wound
8. Age of injury - very important: appearance must be compared to alleged time of infliction; all injuries on a person may not have been produced on the same day
9. Whether simple or grievous (per IPC):
   • Simple = causes bodily pain, disease, infirmity
   • Grievous (Section 320 IPC) = emasculation, permanent loss of vision/hearing, destruction/permanent impairing of any joint or member of the body, permanent disfiguration of head or face, fracture/dislocation of bone or tooth, life-threatening injury
10. Weapon likely used - e.g., hard blunt object, sharp-edged weapon, firearm
    • Note: if broken tip of knife recovered in wound, mention; presence of foreign bodies (dust, coal, grease) gives clue to nature of weapon
11. Remarks - general condition (conscious, shocked, paralyzed), vitals, age of injury, whether hospitalized, special investigations requested (X-ray, CT, ECG), whether injuries are self-inflicted

SECTION 5 - INVESTIGATIONS RECOMMENDED

• X-ray of: _______________________
• CT scan / MRI: _______________________
• Hemoglobin / CBC / Blood grouping: _______________________
• Serology / toxicology: _______________________
• Any other: _______________________

SECTION 6 - TREATMENT PRESCRIBED

SECTION 7 - OPINION / CONCLUSION (Part II of MLR)

OPINION:

1. The above injuries are consistent with [assault / accidental / self-inflicted] injury.

2. The injuries described at S.No. ___ are caused by [hard blunt/sharp-edged/firearm] weapon.

3. The injury at S.No. ___ is classified as SIMPLE / GRIEVOUS under Section 319/320 IPC.

4. The age of injuries is approximately _______ hours / days.

5. The injuries are [dangerous / not dangerous] to life.

6. [If pending reports]: Final opinion regarding classification is reserved 
   pending X-ray / laboratory reports.

7. The victim was examined at [time] on [date].

• Must NOT be biased - subject to cross-examination
• Final opinion must be kept pending until all investigation reports are available
• Negative findings must also be mentioned
• Never make dogmatic absolute statements - medicine allows for biological variation

SECTION 8 - DECLARATION BY EXAMINER

I certify that I have examined the above-named person at [time] on [date] 
at [place] in the presence of the accompanying persons.

This report is prepared truthfully and to the best of my knowledge.

Date:                                    Signature: ________________
Place:                                   Name: ____________________
                                         Designation: ______________
                                         Registration No.: __________
                                         Hospital/Institution: ______

KEY LEGAL POINTS FOR EXAM (Topper Tips)

TYPES OF MLR (For Exam Coverage)

1. Wound Certificate / Injury Report - for assault cases (living)
2. Post-mortem Report - for deaths (dead)
3. Sexual Assault Examination Report - for rape/POCSO cases
4. Age Certificate - for age estimation
5. Drunkenness Certificate
6. Medical Certificate of Cause of Death (MCCD)
7. Examination Report of Accused of Sexual Offence
8. Dying Declaration (recorded at bedside)

SPECIMEN FILLED MLR (For Practice - Fictitious Name)

MEDICOLEGAL REPORT (WOUND CERTIFICATE)
MLR No.: 045/2024

To,
The Sub-Inspector of Police, Civil Lines Police Station, Nagpur

Sir,
I forward herewith the result of my examination of:

Name      : Ram Kumar Sharma
Age/Sex   : 32 years / Male
Father    : Mohan Sharma
Address   : 12, Gandhi Nagar, Nagpur

Examined on: 12-Jan-2024 at 10:30 PM
Place     : Casualty, Govt. Medical College, Nagpur
Brought by: Constable No. 452, Civil Lines P.S.

Alleged History (as stated by patient):
"I was assaulted by unknown persons with a stick at approximately 
9:00 PM on 12-Jan-2024 near Gandhi Chowk, Nagpur."

Consent: Patient is conscious and consented to examination.
Identification marks: (1) Scar on right chin (2) Mole on left forearm

General Condition: Conscious, oriented, mild distress
Vitals: BP 110/70 mmHg, Pulse 92/min, Temp: Afebrile
Bleeding: None from ears/nose/mouth
Clothing: Shirt with blood stains; no tears noted

Investigations: X-ray skull (AP + lateral) advised
Treatment: Wound cleaned, sutured; referred to neurosurgery

OPINION:
1. Three injuries noted - one lacerated wound, one contusion, one abrasion.
2. Caused by hard blunt object/weapon.
3. Injury No. 2 and 3 are SIMPLE injuries under Section 319 IPC.
4. Injury No. 1 - opinion on grievous nature is RESERVED pending X-ray skull report.
5. Age of all injuries approximately 4-8 hours.
6. Injuries are consistent with the alleged history of assault.

Date: 12-Jan-2024                    Dr. A.K. Verma
Time: 10:45 PM                       MBBS, MD (Forensic Medicine)
Place: GMC Nagpur                    Reg. No.: MH/2018/12345
                                     CMO, Casualty, GMC Nagpur

• The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 36th ed. (2026) - Wound Certificate section
• Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine & Toxicology - Injury Certificate with specimen (Q.18.3)
• P.C. Dikshit's Textbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology - Medicolegal Report section