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Dna translation

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Quick answer

DNA translation is the process by which the genetic information encoded in a gene is used to make a protein. More precisely, translation occurs from mRNA, which is first transcribed from DNA.

Steps

  1. Transcription: DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
  2. Translation: A ribosome reads the mRNA in groups of three bases called codons.
  3. tRNA matching: Each codon specifies an amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.
  4. Protein formation: The ribosome links amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which folds into a functional protein.

Example

DNA coding strand:
ATG GAA TTT TAA
mRNA:
AUG GAA UUU UAA
Amino acids:
Methionine - Glutamic acid - Phenylalanine - Stop
  • AUG is usually the start codon and codes for methionine.
  • UAA, UAG, and UGA are stop codons.
A useful distinction:
  • Transcription: DNA → mRNA
  • Translation: mRNA → protein
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