This Comparison Chart consists of four anatomical skeletal diagrams (A, B, C, and D) illustrating the distribution of skeletal lesions based on different mechanisms of trauma, commonly used in forensic medicine and traumatology. Diagram A shows a fall onto the head with defense attempt, indicated by star markers on the skull, cervical spine, shoulders, upper arms, and distal forearms (wrists). Diagram B represents a fall onto the head without defense attempt, showing localized markers on the skull and cervical spine only. Diagram C depicts a fall onto the feet (axial loading), with markers concentrated on the pelvic girdle, proximal femurs, and distal femurs/knees. Diagram D illustrates a specific clinical case where lesions are isolated to the cervical spine, sternum, and bilateral rib cage, which clinically excludes a standard fall mechanism. These illustrations serve to educate on the correlation between injury patterns and primary impact zones in blunt force trauma and fall scenarios.

An anatomical diagram and diagnostic-style schematic of a human clavicle viewed from a superior perspective. The image illustrates standardized morphometric measurement points used in clinical imaging and forensic medicine. Three specific regions are highlighted with red circles and labeled with letters: 'A' indicates the maximal lateral diameter near the acromial end; 'B' represents the minimal diameter located at the midshaft (middle third) of the bone; and 'C' identifies the maximal medial diameter at the sternal end. The clavicle displays its characteristic 'S'-shaped double curvature, with a convex anterior medial portion and a concave anterior lateral portion. The visualization highlights structural differences, showing increased width and trabecular density at the articular ends compared to the more slender, cortical-dense midshaft. This diagram is utilized for teaching bone morphology, quantifying clavicular dimensions in orthopedic research, and establishing normative reference values for population studies.

This forensic and clinical engineering visualization depicts a 3D finite element (FE) model setup for ballistic impact simulation on a human skull. The image shows a lateral (right side) view of a craniofacial model with a designated impact point at the glabella (forehead). Three specific ammunition types are positioned at a firing distance of 10 cm, indicated by a horizontal measurement line. Bullet A represents a .380-caliber bullet, Bullet B is a .40-caliber Smith & Wesson (S&W) flat-point bullet, and Bullet C is a 9×19-mm Luger round-nose bullet. The model highlights the different nose morphologies—rounded and flat—of the projectiles. A 3D coordinate system (X, Y, Z axes) and a millimeter scale bar at the bottom provide spatial calibration. This diagram is used in forensic pathology and trauma research to analyze kinetic energy transfer, von Mises stress distribution, and resulting fracture patterns in gunshot wounds to the frontal bone.

A clinical photograph and forensic diagram illustrating a human mandible used in dental material research. The image displays the mandible in several states: as a whole anatomical structure and subsequently divided into five labeled segments (47, 43, 38, 32, and 33) for experimental degradation studies. Key educational features include the identification of three types of dental restorative materials: silver-toned Amalgam (Nordiska Dental AB ANA 2000), white Glass Ionomer (GC FUJI IX GP), and tooth-colored Photo-composite (dimethacrylate resin Neo Spectra ST). Red arrows link the partitioned segments to their original locations in the dental arch. Additionally, the image points out pathological features such as untreated dental caries, visible as dark occlusal discolorations. The content serves to demonstrate forensic odontological methods, the visual morphology of different dental fillings, and the structural integrity of mandibular bone and dentition under experimental conditions.