1 1 --- 2 2 title: "Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry" 3 3 isbn: "9781975145569" 4 4 block: 3 5 5 total_blocks: 15 6 6 prev_block: ./9781975145569_block2.md 7 7 next_block: ./9781975145569_block4.md 8 8 pages: "495-732" 9 9 --- 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 disorders, including disruptive behavior disorders or neurologic conditions. 14 14 In extreme cases, severe mutilation and life-threatening injuries can result from self-inflicted trauma. Table 2-21 compares the diagnostic approaches to diagnosing stereotypic movement disorder. 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 ![A triangular shape radiates bright white light from its apex, fading into a blue background.](https://cdn.orris.care/cdss_images/d5933f82d697dd6aa8c788aa41b5b3d25a81d0b547725c7249ec96207fb79ca9.png) 20 20 21 21 22 22 ## Table 2-21 23 23 Stereotypic Movement Disorder 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28

Diagnostic name	DSM-5 Stereotypic Movement Disorder	ICD-10 Stereotyped Movement Disorders
Duration	Onset during the developmental period
Symptoms	Repetitive/seemingly purposeless movements	Movements that are: Voluntary Repetitive Stereotyped Seemingly purposeless Movements outside of any other psychiatric or neurologic condition; may include such things as repeatedly rocking, hand-flapping, or biting
Psychosocial consequences of symptoms	Marked interference in activities and functioning
Exclusions (not result of):	Substance use Another medical condition Another mental disorder Another neurodevelopmental disorder	Tic disorder Trichotillomania Nail biting Nose-picking Another neurologic disorder (i.e., movement disorders)

29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33

Symptom specifiers	With self-injurious behavior Without self-injurious behavior Associated with known medical or genetic condition, neurodevelopmental disorder or environmental factor	Another mental disorder
Severity specifiers	Mild: symptoms easily suppressed by sensory stimulus or distraction Moderate: significant behavioral modification needed to control symptoms Severe: continuous measures taken to prevent harm or injury

34 34 35 35 Head-Banging. Head-banging exemplifies a stereotypic movement disorder that can result in functional impairment. Typically, head-banging begins during infancy, between 6 and 12 months of age. Infants strike their heads with a definite rhythmic and monotonous continuity against the crib or another hard surface. They seem to be absorbed in the activity, which can persist until they become exhausted and fall asleep. The head-banging is often transitory but sometimes persists into middle childhood. Head-banging that is a component of temper tantrums differs from stereotypic head-banging and ceases after the tantrums, and controlling their secondary gains. 36 36 37 37 Nail-Biting. Nail-biting begins as early as 1 year of age and increases in incidence until age 12. Most cases are not sufficiently severe to meet the 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 [... Output truncated due to length. 2712 tokens/12643 characters removed ...]